scholarly journals A Citizen-Centric Approach for the Improvement of Territorial Services Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Sebillo ◽  
Giuliana Vitiello ◽  
Michele Grimaldi ◽  
Antonio De Piano
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mobile Component ◽  
Spatio Temporal

In the last decade, there has been a growing awareness that the involvement of citizens in decision making can produce an immediate and positive impact on actions to be taken, as they are the real owners of knowledge about the place where they live. By collecting and geolocating data through smartphones and the Internet, citizens in fact can help decision makers both create sharable spatio-temporal information about objects and phenomena and interpret territorial dynamics. However, although such a role has been definitely recognized, the lack of a homogeneous paradigm for structuring the sensing process, managing the geo big data produced and handling services makes it difficult to exploit such a potentiality. In this paper, we describe a citizen-centric approach conceived to build territorial knowledge useful to provide decision makers with a timely and reliable picture of the status of a given territory. In particular, a visual representation of geospatial knowledge is described, which summaries context-sensitive information about a territory and its citizens, thus improving the land monitoring tasks. An information system, SAFE, is finally presented, which consists of a Web and a mobile component to manage citizen supplied data to be integrated for building reliable dynamic scenarios.

scholarly journals Decision Making in the Context of Natural Disasters Based on a Geographic Information System and the Internet of Things (IoT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aissa Bensattalah ◽  
Rachid Chalal ◽  
Tahar Hassaine Daouadji ◽  
Tayeb Bensattalah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Decisions within the company, managers in countries or regions are made by one or more groups of decision-makers. The management of natural disasters involves several specialized decision-makers (experts, firefighters, police officers, drivers,). The aim of the chapter is to improve decision making in the context of natural disasters situation. Zero risk in the world does not exist due to natural phenomena that occur randomly and appear suddenly. It is essential to manage the risks in the situation of natural disasters and also to confront the influence of natural disasters on the phenomenon of Soil-Structure Interaction. For this, this chapter presents a conceptual architecture of a knowledge base to manage the risks of natural disasters remotely by a Geographic Information system (GIS) and embedded systems. This architecture is based on the integration of data via different sources of information (GIS, satellites, electronic sensors and comments from experts). To properly manage this information, this chapter uses the ontology of Soil-Structure Interaction With Agents External (OSSIWAE) in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). A case study is conducted on a prototype of a model for building a structure three-story for testing the usability of the proposed architecture.

Nonrepresentative Representatives: An Experimental Study of the Decision Making of Elected Politicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIOR SHEFFER ◽  
PETER JOHN LOEWEN ◽  
STUART SOROKA ◽  
STEFAAN WALGRAVE ◽  
TAMIR SHEAFER
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Sunk Costs ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
The Status ◽  
Considerable Body

A considerable body of work in political science is built upon the assumption that politicians are more purposive, strategic decision makers than the citizens who elect them. At the same time, other work suggests that the personality profiles of office seekers and the environment they operate in systematically amplifies certain choice anomalies. These contrasting perspectives persist absent direct evidence on the reasoning characteristics of representatives. We address this gap by administering experimental decision tasks to incumbents in Belgium, Canada, and Israel. We demonstrate that politicians are as or more subject to common choice anomalies when compared to nonpoliticians: they exhibit a stronger tendency to escalate commitment when facing sunk costs, they adhere more to policy choices that are presented as the status-quo, their risk calculus is strongly subject to framing effects, and they exhibit distinct future time discounting preferences. This has obvious implications for our understanding of decision making by elected politicians.

scholarly journals Integrated approach for risk management in servitization decision-making process

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1949-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarra Dahmani ◽  
Xavier Boucher ◽  
Didier Gourc ◽  
Sophie Peillon ◽  
François Marmier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Action Research Approach

PurposeThe paper proposes an innovative systemic method helping decision-makers to control servitization transition process, through decision process risk diagnosis.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed method is based on the modeling of decision processes and risk identification and analysis. This method was based on an action-research approach, in close relationship with two companies (SMEs). The paper develops the feasibility experiment at Automelec company.FindingsThe method was successfully implemented and delivered concrete diagnosis results.Research limitations/implicationsThe generalization of the applicability of the method needs to be tested on several different cases.Practical implicationsThe first practical implication is related to the efficiency of the method to help decision-makers in a servitization context to limit uncertainty and get a global view of the weaknesses of their decision-making process, it raises their awareness about servitization transition for their companies. Furthermore, the method also helps to explain the strategy of a servitization transition. It enhances the level of maturity of the decision process of the company, and can be used as a training/learning tool for managers.Social implicationsThe results brought by the research contribute to give the decision-making boards for organization living a servitization transition and especially SMEs a better control over the servitization decision process and related risks, which will increase the economic stability of the company and its vision over long, medium and short horizons. This will bring positive impact on the overall economic and social environment and networks of the servitized SME, and enhance the confidence of coworkers, subcontractors and clients.Originality/valueThe first originality of the paper is related to the new way of considering risk, not only as an analysis criterion but as the central driver in steering a strategic transition for the company, such as servitization. The second originality of the study is about assessing risk occurrence over a decision-making process through decision reliability and decision confidence.

INTEGRATING SCAT DATA AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT SHORELINE CLEANUP OPERATIONS

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Lamarche ◽  
Edward H. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Gis Technology

ABSTRACT An analysis of the work performed by the various teams involved in shoreline cleanup operations has been applied to the design of an approach for the integration of data collected by the SCAT process with electronic maps produced by geographical information system (GIS) technology. This has led to the implementation of a PC-based system that incorporates a database of SCAT information, a knowledge base on oil behavior and shoreline cleanup, and a GIS. The system provides support to data collection using the SCAT approach for field teams and to map-based data analysis for planners and managers. In the course of this work, a set of the maps that are considered the most useful for summarizing information about shoreline conditions was designed and evaluated. This evaluation initially involved consultation with individuals experienced in shoreline cleanup. The applicability of the map representation for decision making was further tested during spill drills. SCAT surveys generate a large volume of data that need to be captured and integrated. There is a risk that this large amount of information might overwhelm decision makers involved in the management of shoreline cleanup operations. The paper describes the various modifications that were made to the SHORECLEAN software package to provide some solutions to these problems. These include providing specialized SCAT data entry forms, automating the links between a SCAT database and a GIS, and producing map representations that provide clear, useful, and nonmisleading information for decision makers.

PRE-COVERAGE ASSESSMENTS OF NEW HOSPITAL INTERVENTIONS ON AUSTRIA: METHODOLOGY AND 3 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Mad ◽  
Sabine Geiger-Gritsch ◽  
Gerda Hinterreiter ◽  
Stefan Mathis-Edenhofer ◽  
Claudia Wild
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Grade Methodology

Objectives: A new decision-making process was set up by the Austrian Ministry of Health to regulate coverage of new proposed Extra Medical Services (EMS; German: Medizinische Einzel-Leistung [MEL]) in 2008. As part of the annual decision-making process an independent academic institution (LBI-HTA) is evaluating relevant evidence on these new technologies and provides HTAs, including evidence-based recommendations for decision makers.Methods: About ten EMS assessments are performed annually by the LBI-HTA simultaneously between January and March. Each peer-reviewed report consists of a systematic literature review and critical appraisal of evidence using the GRADE methodology. The generation of numerous reports of good quality standards within the short timeframe is achieved by a standardized workflow with predefined assignment of tasks for all participants.Results: In total, the LBI-HTA performed twenty-five EMS assessments on thirty-three different interventions in the last three years. Coverage was recommended with limitation for eleven (33%) interventions, and not recommended for twenty-two (66%) interventions. The federal health commission decided on acceptance or preliminary acceptance of coverage in seven (22%) cases, rejection in eighteen (55%) cases and changed the status to “subject to approval” in seven (24%) cases.Conclusions: Pre-coverage assessment of new hospital interventions was implemented successfully in Austria. It has proved to be a useful tool to support decision makers with objective evidence when deciding whether or not to reimburse medical services.

SAR

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Rabiei Mamat ◽  
Tutut Herawan ◽  
Mustafa Mat Deris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Soft Set ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Benchmark Datasets

Soft-set theory proposed by Molodstov is a general mathematic tool for dealing with uncertainty. Recently, several algorithms have been proposed for decision making using soft-set theory. However, these algorithms still concern on Boolean-valued information system. In this paper, Support Attribute Representative (SAR), a soft-set based technique for decision making in categorical-valued information system is proposed. The proposed technique has been tested on three datasets to select the best partitioning attribute. Furthermore, two UCI benchmark datasets are used to elaborate the performance of the proposed technique in term of executing time. On these two datasets, it is shown that SAR outperforms three rough set-based techniques TR, MMR, and MDA up to 95% and 50%, respectively. The results of this research will provide useful information for decision makers to handle categorical datasets.

scholarly journals Integrating Enterprise Resource Planning with the Organizations’ Management Structure for Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Diler Atrushi ◽  
Razwan M. Salah ◽  
Nawzat S. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Good Decision ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
Short Period

The unstable situation of some countries in Middle East have caused several crises. Many humanitarians Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) intervene to provide services to the affected groups. Good information management may have an effect on the project’s activities and the accuracy of decisions making, especially for organizations that have limited resource. This paper presents the integration of a Management Information System (MIS) and its' impact in a local organization operating in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq (KRI), namely voice of older people and family (VOP Fam). The goal is to increase the quality of humanitarian work through good decision making and data management. Based on the System Usability Scale (SUS) result, the system includes many components as an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and is used by the organization staff for managing and organizing their activities. This system is essential to provide knowledge and can bring together the management and the organization’s senior staff members to make decisions, collect the important information, and allow the donors and the staff of the NGO to follow work timely. The importance of the research lies in its contributes to highlighting the positive impact of integrating a computer-based information system (IS) in conducting humanitarian activities of NGOs in KRI. In addition, it will add a level of reliability to the NGO’s activities data and make it trustworthy. This study has concluded that Integrating IS in organizations can help in decision-making based on analyzing the aggregated data, and prepare more accurate reports in a short period. 

Ethical Hacking in the Saudi Government Institutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Shaymaa Mousa ◽  
Wejdan Barashi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Needed Information ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
Citizen Service

The Internet has become indispensable to governments by allowing them to conduct E-government, provide better citizen service, improve communications, and access needed information rapidly. While computer networks have revolutionized the way governmental institutions operate, the risks they introduce via interconnectivity can be devastating. Attacks on computer systems via the Internet can lead to lost money, time, reputation, and sensitive information. One reaction to this state of affairs is a behaviour termed “Ethical Hacking” which attempts to proactively increase security protection by indenturing and patching known security vulnerabilities on systems owned by other parties. The main purpose of this study is to address the problems related to the ethical hacking in governmental institutions in Saudi Arabia. The results show that there is a lack of awareness to issues of information security, and ethical hacking, Ethical hacking have a positive impact on the Saudi institutions, and most of ethical hacking problems in Saudi Arabia are related to senior management, staff, society and laws. More researches are needed to consider other measures and include other countries which may show different results.

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