What Is Urban after All? A Critical Review of Measuring and Mapping Urban Typologies in Portugal

The concept of urban area is complex and has been discussed for many years by several authors and organisations through different perspectives and methodological approaches. For administrative and comparison purposes statistical institutions, both at the national and international levels, classify territories according to a certain degree of urbanisation defining typologies from which indicators and certain public policies are applied. The purpose of this study is to discuss the relevance and suitability of different urban typologies. Through mapping and measuring the data of official documents, the urban dimension of Mainland Portuguese territory is discussed and its usefulness concerning the allocation of resources for promoting territorial cohesion is stressed. Results show the inadequacy of these classifications to inform planning actions, decision making, and to promote territorial policies. It also provides evidence of inaccuracies that distort the reading of the territorial reality of the case study.

Download Full-text

The 1909–1912 Intervention in Nicaragua

10.1093/oso/9780190695859.003.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 82-105

Author(s):

Payam Ghalehdar

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Critical Review ◽

Regime Change ◽

Western Hemisphere ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Theodore Roosevelt

This chapter contains the second case study of US regime change in the Western Hemisphere—the intervention in Nicaragua from 1909 to 1912 under US president William Howard Taft. The chapter explores the decision-making process within the Taft administration vis-à-vis Nicaragua and compares it to US-Nicaragua relations under Taft’s presidential predecessor, Theodore Roosevelt. Tracing emotional frustration in the Taft administration, the chapter shows how Taft extended US expectations toward Nicaragua, how his perceptions of Nicaraguan obstruction were more negative than Roosevelt’s, and how negative affect dominated his government’s decision-making. Emotional frustration outlived the presidency of Nicaraguan president José Zelaya, prompting Taft to target his successor, José Madriz, and a following insurrection led by Luis Mena. The chapter ends with a critical review of five alternative explanations for the Taft government’s intervention in Nicaragua.

Download Full-text

Boston

Urban Health ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190915858.003.0034 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 316-324

Author(s):

Russ Lopez

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Public Policies ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

Urban Populations ◽

History And Memory ◽

The Public ◽

New Development ◽

History Of

Understanding the history of a place is essential for incorporating local concerns and values into decision-making. Most important, history is present whether we acknowledge it or not. Creating change and improving the lives and health of the public demands effective public policies. These policies must rest on the foundation of a city’s or neighborhood’s history. Channeling new development, preserving and protecting health, and meeting challenges posed by changing environmental conditions need the participation and support of thousands of people. These issues are never discussed in a vacuum, and no problems are solved without regard to history and memory. The Boston experience highlights the need for careful consideration of present conditions in order to prepare for the unknown future. This chapter discusses Boston as a case study, aiming to understand how history shapes cities and creates health in urban populations.

Download Full-text

Closeness is Not Accessibility: Isolation and Depopulated Rural Areas in the Proximity of Metropolitan Urban Areas, A Case-Study in Inland Spain

European Countryside ◽

10.2478/euco-2021-0025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 410-435

Author(s):

H. S. Martínez Sánchez-Mateos ◽

A. R. Ruiz Pulpón

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Public Policies ◽

Interesting Case ◽

Capital City ◽

Accessibility Analysis ◽

Physical Connection ◽

And Function

Abstract The increase of accessibility is one of the most important strategies to achieve territorial cohesion and slow down depopulation processes in rural areas. Accessibility is a wide concept with a range of interpretations. When it comes to rural areas, usual accessibility measures introducing proximity and ease of physical connection could lead to misinterpretations and a lack of knowledge for rural areas. This study proposes an accessibility analysis based on connection and function of one of the most depopulated territories in inland Spain: the province of Guadalajara (NUTS-3) which constitutes an interesting case-study because its proximity to the Spanish capital city (Madrid) and the integration of part of the province on its dynamics and economic processes. Results show different rural accessibility levels useful for public policies and decision making on infrastructures. In addition, the accessibility model suggested can be applied in other depopulated rural areas of Europe.

Download Full-text

Probabilistic Reasoning for Improving the Predictive Maintenance of Vital Electrical Machine: Case Study

Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation ◽

10.25073/jaec.201821.74 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Abdelaziz Lakehal ◽

Ahmed Ramdane ◽

Fouad Tachi

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Bayesian Network ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Probabilistic Reasoning ◽

Electrical Machine ◽

Creative Commons ◽

New Information ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

Open Access Article

Nowadays, new information technologies produce new methodological approaches attempting to extract not just valid and reliable information, but more generally a particular technical and professional expertise to support the decision making. A Bayesian network was developed for fault assessment of an electrical motor. By inference, this model made it possible to calculate the probability of rotor fault of the induction motor, while defining the weakest branch in the structure of the Bayesian network that leads to failure by determining the probabilities of intermediate events. The most likely faults were then defined and the information system consolidated, as well as the decision-making process. The article ends with an application that shows the methodology developed and gives some results illustrated by figures. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download Full-text

Mobility and Immobility in a Transnational Context: Changing Views of Migration among the Kazakh Diaspora in Mongolia

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v6i1.86 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 49-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cynthia Werner ◽

Holly R. Barcus

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Transnational Migration ◽

Access To Information ◽

Kazakh Population ◽

Methodological Approaches

Inquiry into the causes and outcomes of transnational migration spans numerous disciplines, scales and methodological approaches. Fewer studies focus on immobility. Utilizing the Kazakh population of Mongolia as a case study, this paper considers how non-migrants view the economic and cultural costs of migrating. We posit that three factors, including local place attachments specific to Mongolia, access to information about life in Kazakhstan and the importance of maintaining social networks in Mongolia, contribute substantially to their decision to not migrate. Our findings suggest that the decision to not migrate can be very strategic for non-migrants in highly transnational contexts.

Download Full-text

Blockchain in Supply Chain: Case Study of Lottemart Ciputat

ACMIT Proceedings ◽

10.33555/acmit.v5i1.73 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 38-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. K. Handoyo ◽

M. R. Mashudi ◽

H. P. Ipung

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Supply Chain ◽

Supply Chain Management ◽

Information Asymmetry ◽

New Technology ◽

Business Case ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Chain Management ◽

Production Processes

Current supply chain methods are having difficulties in resolving problems arising from the lack of trust in supply chains. The root reason lies in two challenges brought to the traditional mechanism: self-interests of supply chain members and information asymmetry in production processes. Blockchain is a promising technology to address these problems. The key objective of this paper is to present qualitative analysis for blockchain in supply chain as the decision-making framework to implement this new technology. The analysis method used Val IT business case framework, validated by the expert judgements. The further study needs to be elaborated by either the existing organization that use blockchain or assessment by the organization that will use blockchain to improve their supply chain management.

Download Full-text