scholarly journals The Individual and Combined Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Aflatoxin B1 on Primary Hepatocytes of Cyprinus Carpio

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3760-3768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hua He ◽  
Yan-Hong Fan ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Chao-Ying Huang ◽  
Xi-Chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Primary Hepatocytes ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on activities of daily living in the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Hsia Lee ◽  
Ting-Ting Yeh ◽  
Hsin-Yen Yen ◽  
Wan-Ling Hsu ◽  
Valeria Jia-Yi Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractStroke and cognitive impairment are common in older population. They often occur together and their combined effects significantly increase disability in both basic (BADLs) and instrumental (IADLs) activities of daily living. We investigated the individual and combined impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on BADLs and IADLs. A total of 3331 community-dwelling older adults were enrolled from the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging in 2011. Both BADLs and IADLs were analyzed. Combination of stroke and cognitive impairment increased severity of ADL disabilities, but similar prevalence, similar numbers of summed BADL and IADL tasks with disability, and similar levels of difficulty for each BADL and IADL task were found between the stroke group and cognitive impairment group. The former had more difficult in dressing while the latter had more difficult in using the telephone, transport, and managing finances. A hierarchy of ADLs was also observed in all groups. ADL skill training supplemented with cognitive and physical interventions should focus on secondary prevention of dementia and improve motor functional capacity to reduce loss of ADLs.

Signaling Effects: Increased Content Retention and New Answers—Part II

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Spyridakis
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Expository Text ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Good Readers ◽  
Logical Connectives ◽  
Content Retention ◽  
The Individual

This study investigated the role of signaling in helping good readers comprehend expository text. As the existing literature on signaling, reviewed in the last issue of this Journal, pointed to deficiencies in previous studies' methodologies, one goal of this study was to refine prose research methods. Two passages were designed in one of eight signaled versions each. The design was constructed to assess the individual and combined effects of headings, previews, and logical connectives. The study also assessed the effect of passage length, familiarity, and difficulty. The results showed that signals do improve a reader's comprehension, particularly comprehension two weeks after the reading of a passage and comprehension of superordinate and superordinate inferential information. This study supports the hypothesis that signals can influence retention of text-based information, particularly with long, unfamiliar, or difficult passages.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Individual and Combined Cytotoxic and Estrogenic Effects of Zearalenone, Its Reduced Metabolites, Alternariol, and Genistein

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6281
Author(s):  
Adrienn Balázs ◽  
Zelma Faisal ◽  
Rita Csepregi ◽  
Tamás Kőszegi ◽  
Balázs Kriszt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Estrogenic Effects ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Alternaria Toxins ◽  
The Individual

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of filamentous fungi. Previous studies demonstrated the co-occurrence of Fusarium and Alternaria toxins, including zearalenone (ZEN), ZEN metabolites, and alternariol (AOH). These xenoestrogenic mycotoxins appear in soy-based meals and dietary supplements, resulting in the co-exposure to ZEN and AOH with the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN). In this study, the cytotoxic and estrogenic effects of ZEN, reduced ZEN metabolites, AOH, and GEN are examined to evaluate their individual and combined impacts. Our results demonstrate that reduced ZEN metabolites, AOH, and GEN can aggravate ZEN-induced toxicity; in addition, the compounds tested exerted mostly synergism or additive combined effects regarding cytotoxicity and/or estrogenicity. Therefore, these observations underline the importance and the considerable risk of mycotoxin co-exposure and the combined effects of mycoestrogens with phytoestrogens.

Using factorial mediation analysis to better understand the effects of interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian C Strayhorn ◽  
Linda M Collins ◽  
Timothy R Brick ◽  
Sara H Marchese ◽  
Angela Fidler Pfammatter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
Multiphase Optimization Strategy ◽  
Factorial Optimization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Advance Theory

Abstract To improve understanding of how interventions work or why they do not work, there is need for methods of testing hypotheses about the causal mechanisms underlying the individual and combined effects of the components that make up interventions. Factorial mediation analysis, i.e., mediation analysis applied to data from a factorial optimization trial, enables testing such hypotheses. In this commentary, we demonstrate how factorial mediation analysis can contribute detailed information about an intervention’s causal mechanisms. We briefly review the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) and the factorial experiment. We use an empirical example from a 25 factorial optimization trial to demonstrate how factorial mediation analysis opens possibilities for better understanding the individual and combined effects of intervention components. Factorial mediation analysis has important potential to advance theory about interventions and to inform intervention improvements.

scholarly journals Combined effects of aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol on the expression of glutathione redox system regulatory genes in common carp

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1531-1539
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kövesi ◽  
Csilla Pelyhe ◽  
Erika Zándoki ◽  
Miklós Mézes ◽  
Krisztián Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Glutathione Redox System ◽  
Glutathione Redox

scholarly journals The individual and combined effects of snowmelt timing and frost exposure on the reproductive success of montane forbs

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 1970-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella L. Pardee ◽  
Isaac O. Jensen ◽  
David W. Inouye ◽  
Rebecca E. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals The Impact of Dietary Grape Seed Meal on Healthy and Aflatoxin B1 Afflicted Microbiota of Pigs after Weaning

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulian A. Grosu ◽  
Gina C. Pistol ◽  
Ionelia Taranu ◽  
Daniela E. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The study investigated the effect of grape seed (GS) meal, aflatoxin (AFB1), or their combination on the large intestine microbiota of weanling piglets. Twenty-four piglets were allocated into four groups based on diet composition: (1) Control group; (2) AFB1 (320 g/kg feed) group; (3) GS group (8% inclusion in the diet); (4) AFB1 + GS group. After 30 days of experiment, the colon content was used for microbiota analyses; after isolation of total bacterial genomic DNA, V3/V4 regions of the 16S rRNA amplicons were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The raw sequences were analyzed using the v.1.9.1 QIIME pipeline software. 157 numbers of OTUs were identified among all four dietary groups with 26 of them being prevalent above 0.05% in the total relative abundance. GS and AFB1 increase the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, while decreasing the Firmicutes abundance in a synergic manner as compared with the individual treatments. An additive or synergistic action of the two treatments was identified for Lactobacillus, Prevotella and Campylobacter, while rather an antagonistic effect was observed on Lachnospira. The action mechanisms of aflatoxin B1 and grape seed meal that drive the large intestine microbiota to these changes are not known and need further investigations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document