scholarly journals Bioactive Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchithra Poilil Surendran ◽  
Myeong Ju Moon ◽  
Rayoung Park ◽  
Yong Yeon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Plga Nanoparticles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
The Many

Currently, immunotherapy is considered to be one of the effective treatment modalities for cancer. All the developments and discoveries in this field up to the recent Nobel Prize add to the interest for research into this vast area of study. Targeting tumor environment as well as the immune system is a suitable strategy to be applied for cancer treatment. Usage of nanoparticle systems for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents to the body being widely studied and found to be a promising area of research to be considered and investigated further. Nanoparticles for immunotherapy would be one of the effective treatment options for cancer therapy in the future due to their high specificity, efficacy, ability to diagnose, imaging, and therapeutic effect. Among the many nanoparticle systems, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, gold nanoparticles, iron oxide, dendrimers, and artificial exosomes are widely used for immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, the combination therapy found to be the more effective way of treating the tumor. Here, we review the current trends in nanoparticle therapy and efficiency of these nanosystems in delivering antigens, adjuvants, therapeutic drugs, and other immunotherapeutic agents. This review summarizes the currently available bioactive nanoparticle systems for cancer immunotherapy.

Tumor Microenvironment-Triggered In-Situ Cancer Vaccines with Dual Immunogenic Cell Death Inductions for Elevated Antitumor and Antimetastatic Therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Lin ◽  
Binbin Ding ◽  
Pan Zheng ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Meifang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
Specific Antigens

Cancer vaccine is to make tumor-specific antigens into vaccines, which then are injected back into the body to activate immune responses for cancer immunotherapy. Despite the high specificity and therapeutic...

scholarly journals Plantar Fasciitis:

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Suzan M. Attar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Multiple Treatment

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain in adults. It is a clinical diagnosis, as patients classically presents with pain that is particularly severe with the first few steps in the morning. Although it is a self-limited condition; however, due to the severity of the pain, medical attention is sought. Symptoms will ease quicker if risk factors are adjusted and multiple treatment modalities are started as early as possible. This article reviews plantar fasciitis; presents the most effective treatment options currently available.

scholarly journals Surgical debridement of infected necrobiotic xanthogranuloma: a case report and review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4172
Author(s):  
Jasmine J. Mui ◽  
Martin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surgical Debridement ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
General Surgeon

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare skin disorder characterized by the development of large violaceous plaques all over the body. Rarely, these plaques become infected and require surgical debridement. The current literature is lacking on outcomes of surgical intervention in this patient population. Hence this case report aims to describe surgical management for a patient with NXG presenting to The Shoalhaven District Memorial Hospital and review the literature on the pathophysiology and current treatment modalities for this condition. A 61-year-old man presented to The Shoalhaven District Memorial Hospital with an infected NXG plaque on his left calf unresponsive to intravenous antibiotics. He has had a previously infected lesion on his right shin debrided by our surgical team in 2015, with plaque recurrence on the superior-medial aspect. His current infection was managed with surgical excision of the necrotic core of the NXG plaque while sparing the healthy surrounding plaque tissue. This is in accordance to the current literature which demonstrates poor cosmetic outcomes with complete surgical resection of healthy plaques, with a 42% recurrence with increased size and nodularity.1, 2 NXG appears to be related to autoimmune monoclonal paraproteinemia and associated with hematological malignancy. Therefore, management is primarily medical with surgical resection only indicated in cases of severe infection. NXG presents a rare challenge to the general surgeon given the lack of evidence for surgical debridement. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology, treatment options and healing patterns in this disorder will allow the surgeon to assess and manage infected lesions with minimal cosmetic disfigurement

scholarly journals Targeted therapy in advanced desmoid tumors: Current perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Amrallah A. Mohammed ◽  
Hani EL-Tanni ◽  
Hani M. EL-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Aggressive Fibromatosis ◽  
Local Tumor Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Desmoid Tumors ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Medline Search

Abstract Background Desmoid tumors/aggressive fibromatosis (DTs/AF) are cytological bland fibrous neoplasms originating from the musculoaponeurotic structures throughout the body. The exact cause still remains unknown, however, they may present sporadically or as a manifestation of a hereditary syndrome called familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Although they lack the capacity to establish metastases, DTs/AF may be devastated and occasionally fatal. As a result of the heterogeneity of DTs/AF, treatment needs to be individualized to improve local tumor control and maintain patients’ quality of life. Therefore, after a multidisciplinary approach, all treatment options should be discussed with patients. Where systemic chemotherapy has been shown to be unsuccessful with marked side effects in case of advanced DTs/AF, new therapeutic options are needed. Methods A Medline search was conducted and published articles in different studies from 2000 to the present were reviewed. Conclusion More research is needed to illustrate both the prognostic and predictive factors of the targeted therapy and the value of their combinations with or without other treatment modalities to get the best result for the treatment of advanced DTs/AF.

Using platelet-rich plasma for skin rejuvenation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 452-459
Author(s):  
Claudia McGloin
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Skin Rejuvenation ◽  
Skin Quality

The skin is the largest organ of the body, and it is affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic ageing factors. Platelet-rich plasma is an effective treatment for skin ageing, whether as a standalone treatment or in combination with other treatment modalities. The results depend on the skin quality of the patient, compliance and aftercare. Other factors to consider include the platelet-rich plasma kits and centrifuge used by the practitioner, as well as whether it is activated or not. In this article, Claudia McGloin will discuss skin ageing and the use of platelet-rich plasma for skin rejuvenation.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SHODHANA AND SHAMAN CHIKITSA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PSORIASIS: A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Vishal Aggarwal ◽  
Tinkle Rani ◽  
Arun Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Palliative Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Treatment Modalities

Psoriasis is a visible skin condition of chronic origin substantially affecting the physical as well as psychological life of the person thus affecting the quality of life. To combat the same, modern medicine comes with varieties of treatment options but none of them fully cure neither give very promising results to improve quality of life. In Ayurveda, Psoriasis shares the correlation with Ekakushtha. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Ayurveda treatment modalities in Ekakushtha. A male patient aged 27 years presented with the signs and symptoms as well-defined, slightly raised silvery scales all over the body, mainly presented on flexors surfaces of bilateral legs, hands and over the trunk region along with severe dryness of whole body, powdery discharge with severe itching, diagnosed as Ekakushtha (chronic psoriasis) and was treated with both external and internal medications, which included Vaman Therapy (purificatory emesis) and Shamana (palliative treatment). Shodhana was given as Samyak Snehan (proper oleation) followed by Vamana Karma (therapeutic emesis), in which vitiated Doshas are expelled out through Urdhvamarga (through mouth) and Shamana was given by classical Ayurvedic medications. At the end of Vamana, Pittantik Vamana was achieved. Patient felt notable reduction from erythema, Kandu (itching) and scaling during treatment. This case study showed Vaman karma followed by palliative treatment to be a better treatment option which gives significant improvement in Psoriasis.

Osteoarthritis of the Thumb Basilar Joint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Straszewski ◽  
Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Hand Osteoarthritis ◽  
Lower Complication ◽  
Lower Complication Rate ◽  
The Many ◽  
Thumb Carpometacarpal ◽  
Tendon Interposition ◽  
Joint Arthritis ◽  
Cmc Joint

Osteoarthritis of the thumb basilar joint is a common pathology treated by hand surgeons, and this is the leading cause of degenerative pain in the hand. Multi-factorial etiologies, including occupational stresses, gender, hormone milieu, and altered biomechanics, may play roles in the development of thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthritis.  Patients present with aching pain, synovitis, weakened pinch and grip, and in late disease, adduction deformity and web space contracture. Physical examination and plain radiography are the mainstay of diagnosis, with little utility for advanced imaging.  A multitude of options exists for conservative treatment: physical therapy, splinting, anti-inflammatories, and injections.  With the failure of conservative therapies, surgical management is dictated by disease severity and provider preference.   The thumb CMC joint hosts a variety of treatment options that have evolved over time: arthroscopy, osteotomy, arthrodesis, trapeziectomy alone, or with combinations of ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition.  No superiority has been shown amongst the many base of thumb treatment modalities, though trapeziectomy alone demonstrates a lower complication rate. This review contains 5 tables, 3 figures, and 61 references. Keywords: hand osteoarthritis, base of thumb, anatomy, arthroplasty, silicone, arthrodesis, tendon reconstruction, biomechanics, tendon interposition, outcomes

scholarly journals Plantar Fasciitis:

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Suzan M. Attar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Multiple Treatment

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain in adults. It is a clinical diagnosis, as patients classically presents with pain that is particularly severe with the first few steps in the morning. Although it is a self-limited condition; however, due to the severity of the pain, medical attention is sought. Symptoms will ease quicker if risk factors are adjusted and multiple treatment modalities are started as early as possible. This article reviews plantar fasciitis; presents the most effective treatment options currently available.

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

Management of thoracic aortic lesions - the future is endovascular

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidenhagen ◽  
Bombien ◽  
Meimarakis ◽  
Geisler ◽  
A. Koeppel
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Aneurysm Dissection

Open surgical repair of lesions of the descending thoracic aorta, such as aneurysm, dissection and traumatic rupture, has been the “state-of-the-art” treatment for many decades. However, in specialized cardiovascular centers, thoracic endovascular aortic repair and hybrid aortic procedures have been implemented as novel treatment options. The current clinical results show that these procedures can be performed with low morbidity and mortality rates. However, due to a lack of randomized trials, the level of reliability of these new treatment modalities remains a matter of discussion. Clinical decision-making is generally based on the experience of the vascular center as well as on individual factors, such as life expectancy, comorbidity, aneurysm aetiology, aortic diameter and morphology. This article will review and discuss recent publications of open surgical, hybrid thoracic aortic (in case of aortic arch involvement) and endovascular repair in complex pathologies of the descending thoracic aorta.

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