scholarly journals Tissue Engineering Therapies Based on Folic Acid and Other Vitamin B Derivatives. Functional Mechanisms and Current Applications in Regenerative Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernández-Villa ◽  
Mirta Jiménez Gómez-Lavín ◽  
Cristina Abradelo ◽  
Julio San Román ◽  
Luis Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Great Stability ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

B-vitamins are a group of soluble vitamins which are cofactors of some of the enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. These compounds participate in a number of functions as cardiovascular, brain or nervous systems. Folic acid is described as an accessible and multifunctional niche component that can be used safely, even combined with other compounds, which gives it high versatility. Also, due to its non-toxicity and great stability, folic acid has attracted much attention from researchers in the biomedical and bioengineering area, with an increasing number of works directed at using folic acid and its derivatives in tissue engineering therapies as well as regenerative medicine. Thus, this review provides an updated discussion about the most relevant advances achieved during the last five years, where folic acid and other vitamins B have been used as key bioactive compounds for enhancing the effectiveness of biomaterials’ performance and biological functions for the regeneration of tissues and organs.

Impact of B-vitamin supply on major metabolic pathways of lactating dairy cows

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Girard ◽  
J. J. Matte
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
B Vitamin

Knowledge of the major nutrient requirements of dairy cows has increased substantially during the past decades. Little is known, however, about the importance of the roles played by B vitamins. Since most of those vitamins act as essential cofactors in energy, protein and lipid metabolism, it is likely that as milk yield increases, the demand for these cofactors also increases. The supply of B vitamins from dietary sources and synthesis by the ruminal microflora is generally sufficient to avoid deficiency symptoms, but could be insufficient for optimizing metabolic efficiency, production, composition and the nutritional quality of milk in high-producing dairy cows. Results from recent experiments show how the supply of three B vitamins — folic acid, biotin and vitamin B12 — affects major metabolic pathways. Supplementary biotin has frequently been reported to increase milk yield but has a limited effect on milk composition. Folic acid supplements have been found to increase milk and milk protein yields in multiparous cows without affecting dry matter intake when vitamin B12 supply was adequate. An insufficient vitamin B12 supply blocked those effects but they can be restored through vitamin B12 supplementation. Supplemental vitamin B12 and biotin increased milk and milk protein yields without changing dry matter intake. Vitamin B12 utilization by tissues increased in cows fed supplementary folic acid simultaneously; plasma glucose also increased in these cows but plasma biotin decreased. From these findings, it appears that, in high-producing dairy cows, especially in early lactation, the strong competition for nutrients that occurs between gluconeogenesis, methylneogenesis and protein synthesis increases the amount of folic acid, vitamin B12 and biotin required to maintain metabolic efficiency, especially when the nutrient supply is limited. These observations emphasize the need to review the paradigm according to which B-vitamin supply by ruminal microflora cannot be limiting in dairy cow. Key words: Dairy cow, B vitamins, folic acid, vitamin B12, biotin, lactation, metabolism

scholarly journals B vitamins for stroke prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme J Hankey
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Folate Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation

Supplementation with B vitamins (vitamin B9(folic acid), vitamin B12 and vitamin B6) lowers blood total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations by about 25% and reduces the relative risk of stroke overall by about 10% (risk ratio (RR) 0.90, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.99) compared with placebo. Homocysteine-lowering interventions have no significant effect on myocardial infarction, death from any cause or adverse outcomes. Factors that appear to modify the effect of B vitamins on stroke risk include low folic acid status, high tHcy, high cyanocobalamin dose in patients with impaired renal function and concurrent antiplatelet therapy. In regions with increasing levels or established policies of population folate supplementation, evidence from observational genetic epidemiological studies and randomised controlled clinical trials is concordant in suggesting an absence of benefit from lowering of homocysteine with folic acid for prevention of stroke. Clinical trials indicate that in countries which mandate folic acid fortification of food, folic acid supplementation has no significant effect on reducing stroke risk (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.23). However, in countries without mandatory folic acid food fortification, folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of stroke by about 15% (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.94). Folic acid alone or in combination with minimal cyanocobalamin (≤0.05 mg/day) is associated with an even greater reduction in risk of future stroke by 25% (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.86), whereas the combination of folic acid and a higher dose of cyanocobalamin (≥0.4 mg/day) is not associated with a reduced risk of future stroke (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.05). The lack of benefit of folic acid plus higher doses of cyanocobalamin (≥0.4 mg/day) was observed in trials which all included participants with chronic kidney disease. Because metabolic B12 deficiency is very common and usually not diagnosed, future randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions for stroke prevention should probably test a combination of folic acid and methylcobalamin or hydroxocobalamin instead of cyanocobalamin, and perhaps vitamin B6.

scholarly journals Trace nutrients.

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine A. Spring ◽  
Jean Robertson ◽  
D. H. Buss
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
National Health ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
National Average ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks

1. Intakes of magnesium, copper, zinc, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folic acid in Britain were calculated by applying the values selected for the 4th edition of McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods (Paul & Southgate, 1978) to the amounts of food recorded in the National Food Survey made during 1976 (Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food, 1977).2. National average intakes were (/person per d): Mg 249 mg, Cu 1.51 mg, Zn 9.1 mg, vitamin B6 1.36 mg, vitamin B12 6.6 μg, free folic acid 105 μg and total folic acid 190 μg. Corresponding intakes (/person) in families with four or more children were 10–20% lower.3. A comparison of intakes with those recommended in Canada (Department of National Health and Welfare, 1976) and the USA (National Research Council, 1974) or by WHO (1973) indicated that for folic acid average values were particulary low, and only for vitamin B12 were the recommendations significantly exceeded.4. Contributions from alcoholic drinks and confectionery were also calculated and found, on average, to be significant for Cu, vitamin B12 and folic acid.5. The losses of B-vitamins which might occur on cooking are discussed.

scholarly journals B-vitamins and prevention of dementia

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Principal Investigators ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
B Vitamin

Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations have been implicated with risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, but it is unclear whether low vitamin B12 or folate status is responsible for cognitive decline. Most studies reporting associations between cognitive function and Hcy or B-vitamins have used a cross-sectional or case–control design and have been unable to exclude the possibility that such associations are a result of the disease rather than being causal. The Hcy hypothesis of dementia has attracted considerable interest, as Hcy can be easily lowered by folic acid and vitamin B12, raising the prospect that B-vitamin supplementation could lower the risk of dementia. While some trials assessing effects on cognitive function have used folic acid alone, vitamin B12 alone or a combination, few trials have included a sufficient number of participants to provide reliable evidence. An individual-patient-data meta-analysis of all randomised trials of the effects on cognitive function and vascular risk of lowering Hcy with B-vitamins will maximise the power to assess the epidemiologically-predicted differences in risk. Among the twelve large randomised Hcy-lowering trials for prevention of vascular disease, data should be available on about 30 000 participants with cognitive function. The principal investigators of such trials have agreed to combine individual-participant data from their trials after their separate publication.

Abstract 173: Effect Of B-Vitamins On Cognition In Patients With Prior Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme J Hankey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
High Serum ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Stroke Event ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference

High serum total homocysteine (tHcy) and stroke are associated with increased risks of cognitive decline and cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine whether B-vitamin treatment would reduce the risk of cognitive decline and cognitive impairment among individuals with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) of the brain. Methods: 8,164 patients with recent stroke or TIA (< 7 months) were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with one tablet daily of placebo or B-vitamins (folic acid 2 mg, vitamin B 6 25 mg, vitamin B 12 500 μg) and followed for a median of 3.4 years for the occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction or death due to vascular causes in the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was undertaken at least 6 months after the qualifying stroke (baseline) and every 6 months thereafter for the duration of follow-up. The primary outcome for this pre-specified secondary analysis was the composite of a decline of 3 or more points in the MMSE score compared with the baseline score at > 6 months after the qualifying stroke (cognitive decline) or a new MMSE score < 24 (cognitive impairment). Results: Among the 2214 participants who undertook the MMSE at least 6 months after the qualifying stroke event, and who were not cognitively impaired (MMSE > 24), and who underwent repeat MMSE assessments over a median of 2.8 years, there was no significant difference in the incidence of cognitive decline or cognitive impairment among participants assigned B-vitamins compared with placebo (24.6% vs 21.7%; risk ratio [RR]: 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97 to 1.32 ; p=0.1113) and no difference in cognitive decline alone (22.7% vs 20.7%; RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.19; p=0.2417). These results were consistent among clinical subgroups. From baseline (at 6 months post-stroke), the MMSE score decreased by a mean of 0.22 (SD 1.82) among participants assigned B-vitamins vs 0.25 (SD 2.08) among participants assigned placebo (p=0.7258). Conclusion: Daily administration of folic acid, vitamin B 6 and vitamin B 12 to non-demented patients with previous stroke or TIA for a median of 2.8 years had no significant effect, compared with placebo, on the rate of cognitive decline or incidence of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Intake and status of folate and related B-vitamins: considerations and challenges in achieving optimal status

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (S3) ◽  
pp. S48-S54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene McNulty ◽  
John M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Folic Acid Fortification ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
The Uk

Folate and the metabolically related B-vitamins, vitamin B12and riboflavin, have attracted much scientific and public health interest in recent years. Apart from a well established role in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs), evidence is emerging to support other potential roles for folate and/or related B-vitamins in protecting against cardiovascular disease (especially stroke), certain cancers, cognitive impairment and osteoporosis. However, typical folate intakes are sub-optimal, in that although adequate in preventing clinical folate deficiency (i.e. megaloblastic anaemia) in most people, they are generally insufficient to achieve a folate status associated with the lowest risk of NTDs. Natural food folates have a limited ability to enhance folate status as a result of their poor stability under typical cooking conditions and incomplete bioavailability when compared with the synthetic vitamin, folic acid (as found in supplements and fortified foods). Current folate recommendations to prevent NTDs (based primarily on folic acid supplementation) have been found to be ineffective in several European countries. In contrast, in North America and Chile, the policy of mandatory folic acid-fortification has proven itself in terms of lowering the prevalence of NTD, but remains controversial because of concerns regarding potential risks of chronic exposure to high-dose folic acid. In the case of vitamin B12, the achievement of an optimal status is particularly difficult for many older people because of the common problem of food-bound B12malabsorption. Finally, there is evidence that riboflavin status is generally low in the UK population, and particularly so in younger women; this warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Addressing optimal folate and related B-vitamin status through the lifecycle: health impacts and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene McNulty ◽  
Mary Ward ◽  
Leane Hoey ◽  
Catherine F. Hughes ◽  
Kristina Pentieva
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Vitamin

The functional effects of folate within C1 metabolism involve interrelationships with vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and riboflavin, and related gene–nutrient interactions. These B vitamins have important roles throughout life, from pregnancy, through childhood, to middle and older age. Achieving optimal nutritional status for preventing folate-related disease is challenging, however, primarily as a result of the poor stability and incomplete bioavailability of folate from natural food sources when compared with the synthetic vitamin form, folic acid. Thus, in European countries, measures to prevent neural tube defects (NTD) have been largely ineffective because of the generally poor compliance of women with folic acid supplementation as recommended before and in early pregnancy. In contrast, countries worldwide with mandatory folic acid fortification policies have experienced marked reductions in NTD. Low vitamin B12 status is associated with increased risk of cognitive dysfunction, CVD and osteoporosis. Achieving optimal B12 status can be problematic for older people, however, primarily owing to food-bound B12 malabsorption which leads to sub-clinical deficiency even with high dietary B12 intakes. Optimising B-vitamin intake may be particularly important for sub-populations with impaired folate metabolism owing to genetic characteristics, most notably the 677C→T variant in the gene encoding the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). This common folate polymorphism is linked with several adverse health outcomes, including stroke, however, recent evidence has identified its novel interaction with riboflavin (the MTHFR cofactor) in relation to blood pressure and risk of developing hypertension. This review addresses why and how the optimal status of folate-related B vitamins should be achieved through the lifecycle.

Tissue engineering in regenerative medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Barbara Różalska ◽  
Bartłomiej Micota ◽  
Małgorzata Paszkiewicz ◽  
Beata Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine

Graphene and Graphene-Based Materials in Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (38) ◽  
pp. 6834-6850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omaish Ansari ◽  
Kalamegam Gauthaman ◽  
Abdurahman Essa ◽  
Sidi A. Bencherif ◽  
Adnan Memic
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Drug And Gene Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Fields

: Nanobiotechnology has huge potential in the field of regenerative medicine. One of the main drivers has been the development of novel nanomaterials. One developing class of materials is graphene and its derivatives recognized for their novel properties present on the nanoscale. In particular, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have been shown to have excellent electrical, mechanical, optical and thermal properties. Due to these unique properties coupled with the ability to tune their biocompatibility, these nanomaterials have been propelled for various applications. Most recently, these two-dimensional nanomaterials have been widely recognized for their utility in biomedical research. In this review, a brief overview of the strategies to synthesize graphene and its derivatives are discussed. Next, the biocompatibility profile of these nanomaterials as a precursor to their biomedical application is reviewed. Finally, recent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in various biomedical fields including tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, biosensing and bioimaging as well as other biorelated studies are highlighted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document