scholarly journals Strigolactones Promote Leaf Elongation in Tall Fescue through Upregulation of Cell Cycle Genes and Downregulation of Auxin Transport Genes in Tall Fescue under Different Temperature Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1836
Author(s):  
Hu ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Analog ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Strigolactones (SLs) have recently been shown to play roles in modulating plant architecture and improving plant tolerance to multiple stresses, but the underlying mechanisms for SLs regulating leaf elongation and the influence by air temperature are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SLs on leaf elongation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, cv. ‘Kentucky-31′) under different temperature regimes, and to determine the interactions of SLs and auxin in the regulation of leaf growth. Tall fescue plants were treated with GR24 (synthetic analog of SLs), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, synthetic analog), or N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA, auxin transport inhibitor) (individually and combined) under normal temperature (22/18 °C) and high-temperature conditions (35/30 °C) in controlled-environment growth chambers. Exogenous application of GR24 stimulated leaf elongation and mitigated the heat inhibition of leaf growth in tall fescue. GR24-induced leaf elongation was associated with an increase in cell numbers, upregulated expression of cell-cycle-related genes, and downregulated expression of auxin transport-related genes in elongating leaves. The results suggest that SLs enhance leaf elongation by stimulating cell division and interference with auxin transport in tall fescue.

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Hybrid Bluegrass and Tall Fescue as Influenced by Light Intensity and Trinexapac-ethyl

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1241-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghyn Meeks ◽  
Ambika Chandra ◽  
Ben G. Wherley
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Turfgrass Quality

Interspecific hybrids between texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr.) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) are known to exhibit good heat tolerance, which has aided in their adaptation to the warmer climates of the southern United States, but their tolerance to shade has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the growth responses of interspecific bluegrass hybrids (P. arachnifera × P. pratensis) in comparison with kentucky bluegrasses and a shade-tolerant cultivar of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) under full sunlight and shaded environments, 2) identify optimum times to evaluate shade tolerance using the selected growth measurements, 3) calculate the minimum daily light requirements to retain acceptable turfgrass quality, and 4) determine if trinexapac-ethyl (TE) applications enhance hybrid bluegrass quality under shade. Two 10-week greenhouse experiments (late spring and early fall) were conducted in Dallas, TX. Within each of three light environments a randomized complete block design was used to accommodate three replications of eight genotypes treated with and without TE (0 or 0.228 kg·ha−1 a.i.). Turfgrass quality, leaf elongation rates, clipping dry weights, and percent green cover were measured. Meaningful comparisons were best during the late spring when daily light integrals (DLI) were optimum for healthy plant growth. Shade-tolerant hybrid bluegrasses (DALBG 1201 and TAES 5654) were identified using turfgrass quality and leaf elongation rates. These genotypes exhibited above-acceptable turfgrass quality in all environments, and a reduced leaf elongation rate similar to the tested dwarf-type tall fescue. DLI requirements of DALBG 1201 and TAES 5654 were ≤4 to achieve acceptable quality. TE applications generally did not improve turfgrass quality of genotypes, although leaf elongation rates were significantly reduced in all environments.

Growth of seedlings of prairie grass and tall fescue in small swards of kikuyu at different temperatures

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hill ◽  
CJ Pearson ◽  
LC Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Grass Sward

Seeds of prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were planted in established small swards of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst ex Chiov.). Growth of the temperate seedlings and the subtropical grass sward was measured over a period of 59 days under four temperature regimes from 14/6 to 23/20�C (12/12 h). The capacity of the seedlings of the oversown temperate perennial grasses to establish in the sward of the subtropical kikuyu depended on temperature. At low temperature (mean daily temperature < 1l�C) the seedlings grew faster than the kikuyu and became successfully established. At moderate temperatures (11-19�C) the relative growth rates of seedlings were comparable with the relative growth rates of kikuyu tillers, but the latter dominated due to a greater absolute growth rate. Stature was an important component in the inter-species competition, and the taller prairie grass grew much better in competition with kikuyu than did fescue. Temperatures above 20�C exceeded the optimum of the seedlings of the temperate species but not that of kikuyu, so that the sown species were at a disadvantage and kikuyu dominated the mixture. It is concluded that prairie grass and tall fescue can be established successfully only in swards of kikuyu when day temperatures are below 21 and 15�C respectively, unless kikuyu is suppressed for a long period. A herbicide may be an economical means of doing this.

Leaf elongation response to blue light is mediated by stomatal-induced variations in plant transpiration in Festuca arundinacea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Barillot ◽  
Tom De Swaef ◽  
Didier Combes ◽  
Jean-Louis Durand ◽  
Abraham J Escobar-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Plant Transpiration ◽  
Light Irradiance

Abstract Reduced blue light irradiance is known to enhance leaf elongation rate (LER) in grasses but the mechanisms involved have not yet been elucidated. We investigated if leaf elongation response to reduced blue light could be mediated by stomatal induced variations of plant transpiration. Two experiments were carried out on tall fescue in order to monitor LER and transpiration under reduced blue light irradiance. Additionally, LER dynamics were compared to those observed in the response to VPD-induced variations of transpiration. Finally, we developed a model of water flow within a tiller to simulate the observed short-time response of LER to various transpiration regimes. LER dramatically increased in response to blue light reduction and then reached new steady states, which remained higher than the control. Reduced blue light triggered a simultaneous stomatal closure which induced an immediate decrease of leaf transpiration. The hydraulic model of leaf elongation accurately predicted the LER response to blue light and VPD, resulting from an increase in the growth-induced water potential gradient in the leaf growth zone. Our results suggest that the blue light signal is sensed by stomata of expanded leaves and transduced to the leaf growth zone through the hydraulic architecture of the tiller.

Factors Influencing the Survival of Propagules of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
J. E. Miltimore
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Individual Parent

SUMMARYPropagules of 74 genotypes of tall fescue, consisting of parent and progeny groups, were grown in a glasshouse. The number of surviving propagules were determined after one month and at that time, increment weight (growth) and leaf and root weights were determined. Broad-sense heritability estimates were calculated on the whole population and on two individual parent and progeny groups. The criteria measured varied in heritability between groups, but for the 74 genotypes the values had a more limited range from 57 per cent for root weight to 70 per cent for increment weight. Capacity to survive vegetative propagation was dependent on leaf growth and not on root growth or size of propagule. Because of the variation in survival, this characteristic warrants consideration in a selection program where propagation will be utilized for commercial purposes.

Isolation and identification of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with tall fescue

2009 ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Monk ◽  
E. Gerard ◽  
S. Young ◽  
K. Widdup ◽  
M. O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a useful alternative to ryegrass in New Zealand pasture but it is slow to establish. Naturally occurring beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere can improve plant growth and health through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. Keywords: rhizosphere, endorhiza, auxin, siderophore, P-solubilisation

THE PERFORMANCE OF S170 TALL FESCUE IN CANTERBURY

1974 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
B.R. Watkin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Selection Of

AN Aberystwyth selection of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), known as S170, was sown with certified New Zealand white clover (Trifolium repens) and re' clover (T. pratense) and compared under sheep grazing with other grass/clover pastures at the Grasslands Division Regional Station at Lincoln (Watkin, 1975) .

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