Factors Influencing the Survival of Propagules of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
J. E. Miltimore
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Individual Parent

SUMMARYPropagules of 74 genotypes of tall fescue, consisting of parent and progeny groups, were grown in a glasshouse. The number of surviving propagules were determined after one month and at that time, increment weight (growth) and leaf and root weights were determined. Broad-sense heritability estimates were calculated on the whole population and on two individual parent and progeny groups. The criteria measured varied in heritability between groups, but for the 74 genotypes the values had a more limited range from 57 per cent for root weight to 70 per cent for increment weight. Capacity to survive vegetative propagation was dependent on leaf growth and not on root growth or size of propagule. Because of the variation in survival, this characteristic warrants consideration in a selection program where propagation will be utilized for commercial purposes.

scholarly journals Strigolactones Promote Leaf Elongation in Tall Fescue through Upregulation of Cell Cycle Genes and Downregulation of Auxin Transport Genes in Tall Fescue under Different Temperature Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1836
Author(s):  
Hu ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Analog ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Strigolactones (SLs) have recently been shown to play roles in modulating plant architecture and improving plant tolerance to multiple stresses, but the underlying mechanisms for SLs regulating leaf elongation and the influence by air temperature are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SLs on leaf elongation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, cv. ‘Kentucky-31′) under different temperature regimes, and to determine the interactions of SLs and auxin in the regulation of leaf growth. Tall fescue plants were treated with GR24 (synthetic analog of SLs), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, synthetic analog), or N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA, auxin transport inhibitor) (individually and combined) under normal temperature (22/18 °C) and high-temperature conditions (35/30 °C) in controlled-environment growth chambers. Exogenous application of GR24 stimulated leaf elongation and mitigated the heat inhibition of leaf growth in tall fescue. GR24-induced leaf elongation was associated with an increase in cell numbers, upregulated expression of cell-cycle-related genes, and downregulated expression of auxin transport-related genes in elongating leaves. The results suggest that SLs enhance leaf elongation by stimulating cell division and interference with auxin transport in tall fescue.

Purple Nutsedge Control in Turfgrasses by S-21634

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted on S-21634 (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium chloride) for control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and tolerance of several turfgrass varieties and species. Purple nutsedge was controlled during the initial year of treatment with single applications of 3.4 and 5.6 kg/ha rates. All turfgrasses were injured following treatments, however, all except centipedegrass[Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack.] had recovered in 7 to 8 weeks. In general, the injury to centipedegrass was higher and the turf density was lower in the treated plots at the final ratings. None of the treatments applied as a single S-21634 application affected root growth of bermudagrass (Cynodonsp.), ‘Emerald zoysia’ (Zoysia japonicaxZ. teniuflolia), centipedegrass, St. Augustine grass [Stenotaphrum secundatum(Walt.) Kuntze], or tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb, ‘Ky 31′).

Siduron Effects on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Emergence, Growth, and High Temperature Injury

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Shearman ◽  
E. J. Kinbacher ◽  
K. A. Reierson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Percent Germination

Spring establishment of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb. ‘Kentucky 31’) is preferred over fall for turfs in Nebraska. Siduron [1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea] is commonly used for weed control in spring-seeded tall fescue. Siduron application rates of 6.8, 13.6, 27.2, and 40.8 kg/ha were compared with an untreated control in this study. All siduron applications reduced stand development. The 6.8 kg/ha rate nearly doubled the number of days for seedling emergence. Abnormal seedlings increased with increasing application rates and percent germination decreased with increasing rates. Tiller number declined at rates of 13.6 kg/ha and above. Plants treated with 6.8 kg/ha were 1.3 cm shorter than those growing in the untreated control. Plant and root dry matter production decreased with increasing application rates. Root weight was reduced more than plant weight. Degree of wilting and drought injury increased at 13.6 kg/ha. Water use declined with increased siduron application rates. The amount of water lost before wilting occurred also declined as siduron application rates increased. High temperature injury on seedlings was reduced with increasing rates of siduron. Reduction in high temperature injury was significantly correlated (r = 0.98) to reduced plant tissue moisture.

scholarly journals Allelopathy of Bermudagrass, Tall Fescue, Redroot Pigweed, and Cutleaf Evening Primrose on Pecan

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Smith ◽  
Margaret E. Wolf ◽  
Becky S. Cheary ◽  
Becky L. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Two studies were conducted to determine if selected grass and dicot species had an allelopathic interaction with pecan (Carya illinoinensis Wangenh. C. Koch). Leachate from pots with established grasses or dicots was used to irrigate container-grown pecan trees. Leachates from bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb. cv. Kentucky 31), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and cutleaf evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata Hill) reduced leaf area and leaf dry weight about 20% compared to the controls. Bermudagrass, tall fescue, and primrose leachate decreased pecan root weight 17%, trunk weight 22%, and total tree dry weight 19% compared to the control. In a second study, trees were 10% shorter than the control when irrigated with bermudagrass or pigweed leachate.

Impact of Tall Fescue Grass andCarduusThistle Weevils on the Growth and Development of Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loke T. Kok ◽  
Thomas J. McAvoy ◽  
Warren T. Mays
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Rhinocyllus Conicus ◽  
Plant Stem

Field plot experiments were conducted to examine the interactions between tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.), musk thistle (Carduus nutansL. =thoermeriWeinmann # CRUNU), and two thistle weevilsTrichosirocalus horridus(Panzer) andRhinocyllus conicusFroelich. Restriction of musk thistle growth was greatest when the weevils were allowed to feed on the musk thistles competing with tall fescue. Significant reductions were found in total musk thistle seeds per plant, root weight, flower buds per plant, stem dry weight, seeds per head, root crown diameter, stem height, rosette diameter, and head diameter. Seed weight and viability were not reduced. Of the three stress factors (tall fescue and the twoCarduusthistle weevils), tall fescue had the greatest impact. When musk thistle seeds were planted in 1-yr-old tall fescue, germination was low. Seeds that germinated did not grow more than four Leaves and none of the thistles developed to the reproductive stage. A 1-year-old tall fescue stand effectively prevented musk thistle reproduction. Thus, tall fescue helped suppress musk thistle growth more quickly than the use ofCarduusthistle weevils alone without competitive vegetation. Dry weight of tall fescue grass was lower in musk thistle-infested plots than in the thistle-free plots.

Factors Influencing the Survival of Propagules of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Miltimore
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Factors Influencing

SUMMARYPropagules of five tall fescue genotypes, planted monthly, from April to December, made the greatest growth in April and September and the least in December. Despite the diverse geographic origin of the genotypes, there was no indication of interaction between genotypes and daylength. Propagules grew more vigorously when cut just above the basal leaf sheath then when cut to two or three inches in length. The complete removal of roots, which would facilitate planting, did not reduce growth and appeared to enhance the development of new roots. Propagules consisting of two or three culms grew more vigorously than those consisting of a single culm. Accordingly, if propagules were fragile or if survival was poor, two-culm propagules would become established more readily. Genotypes differed in growth rate even when planting weights were kept uniform. Results of this study could be used to reduce the time and cost of vegetative propagation of tall fescue.

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