scholarly journals A Multi-Layered Study on Harmonic Oscillations in Mammalian Genomics and Proteomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Genov ◽  
Stefano Castellana ◽  
Felix Scholkmann ◽  
Daniele Capocefalo ◽  
Mauro Truglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Animal Physiology ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Genomics And Proteomics ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding Motifs ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
Mrna Gene Expression

Cellular, organ, and whole animal physiology show temporal variation predominantly featuring 24-h (circadian) periodicity. Time-course mRNA gene expression profiling in mouse liver showed two subsets of genes oscillating at the second (12-h) and third (8-h) harmonic of the prime (24-h) frequency. The aim of our study was to identify specific genomic, proteomic, and functional properties of ultradian and circadian subsets. We found hallmarks of the three oscillating gene subsets, including different (i) functional annotation, (ii) proteomic and electrochemical features, and (iii) transcription factor binding motifs in upstream regions of 8-h and 12-h oscillating genes that seemingly allow the link of the ultradian gene sets to a known circadian network. Our multifaceted bioinformatics analysis of circadian and ultradian genes suggests that the different rhythmicity of gene expression impacts physiological outcomes and may be related to transcriptional, translational and post-translational dynamics, as well as to phylogenetic and evolutionary components.

The influence of apple- and red-wine pomace rich diet on mRNA expression of inflammatory and apoptotic markers in different piglet organs

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sehm ◽  
H. Lindermayer ◽  
H. H. D. Meyer ◽  
M. W. Pfaffl
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Apoptotic Marker ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Mrna Gene Expression

Flavan-3-ols are a class of flavonoids that are widely distributed in fruits and beverages including red wine and apples. Consumption of flavanoid-rich food has been shown to exhibit anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating effects. To test the nutritional effects of flavanols on mRNA gene-expression of inflammatory and apoptotic marker genes, piglets were given two flavanoids-rich feeding regimens: a low flavanoid standard diet (SD) was compared with diets enriched with 3·5% apple pomace (APD) or 3·5% red-wine pomace (RWPD). The influence on mRNA expression levels was investigated in different immunological active tissues and in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). The investigation took place from 1 week prior weaning to 19 days post weaning in 78 piglets. The expression of expressed marker genes was determinate by one-step quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR): TNFα, NFκB as pro-inflammatory; IL10, as anti-inflammatory; caspase 3 as apoptosis; cyclin D1 as cell cycle marker; and nucleosome component histon H3 as reference gene.The feeding regimens result in tissue individual regulation of mRNA gene expression in all investigated organs. It was discovered that there were significant differences between the applied diets and significant changes during feeding time curse. Both pomace treatments caused a significant up-regulation of all investigated genes in liver. The effect on mesenterial lymph nodes and spleen was not prominent. In the GIT, the treatment groups showed a inhibitory effects on gene expression mainly in stomach and jejunum (NFκB, cyclin D1 and caspase 3). In colon the trend of caspase 3 was positive with the greatest change in the RWPD group.In jejunum and stomach the cell cycle turn over was reduced, whereas in liver the cell turn over was highly accelerate. The influence on inflammatory marker gene expression is mainly relevant in stomach. It is presume that both flavanoid rich feeding regimens have the potential to modulate the mRNA expressions of inflammatory, proliferation and apoptotic marker genes in the GIT and piglet organs.

scholarly journals Quantitative RT-PCR analyses of five evolutionary conserved genes in Alligator brains during development

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wilson ◽  
Tianli Zhu ◽  
Rajesh Khanna ◽  
Michael Pritz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Alligator Mississipiensis ◽  
Mrna Gene Expression ◽  
Present Gene

AbstractGene expression was investigated in the major brain subdivisions (telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain and hindbrain) in a representative reptile, Alligator mississipiensis, during the later stages of embryonic development. The following genes were examined: voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms: NaV1.1 and NaV1.2; synaptic vesicle 2a (SV2a); synaptophysin; and calbindin 2. With the exception of synaptophysin, which was only expressed in the telencephalon, all genes were expressed in all brain regions sampled at the time periods examined. For NaV1.1, gene expression varied according to brain area sampled. When compared with NaV1.1, the pattern of NaV1.2 gene expression differed appreciably. The gene expression of SV2a was the most robust of any of the genes examined. Of the other genes examined, although differences were noted, no statistically significant changes were found either between brain part or time interval. Although limited, the present analysis is the first quantitative mRNA gene expression study in any reptile during development. Together with future experiments of a similar nature, the present gene expression results should determine which genes are expressed in major brain areas at which times during development in Alligator. When compared with other amniotes, these results will prove useful for determining how gene expression during development influences adult brain structure.

scholarly journals Diet-Induced Obesity Disrupts Trace Element Homeostasis and Gene Expression in the Olfactory Bulb

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3909
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Totten ◽  
Derek M. Pierce ◽  
Keith M. Erikson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Divalent Metal Transporter 1 ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mrna Gene Expression ◽  
Obese Male

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on trace element homeostasis and gene expression in the olfactory bulb and to identify potential interaction effects between diet, sex, and strain. Our study is based on evidence that obesity and olfactory bulb impairments are linked to neurodegenerative processes. Briefly, C57BL/6J (B6J) and DBA/2J (D2J) male and female mice were fed either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Brain tissue was then evaluated for iron, manganese, copper, and zinc concentrations and mRNA gene expression. There was a statistically significant diet-by-sex interaction for iron and a three-way interaction between diet, sex, and strain for zinc in the olfactory bulb. Obese male B6J mice had a striking 75% increase in iron and a 50% increase in manganese compared with the control. There was an increase in zinc due to DIO in B6J males and D2J females, but a decrease in zinc in B6J females and D2J males. Obese male D2J mice had significantly upregulated mRNA gene expression for divalent metal transporter 1, alpha-synuclein, amyloid precursor protein, dopamine receptor D2, and tyrosine hydroxylase. B6J females with DIO had significantly upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. Our results demonstrate that DIO has the potential to disrupt trace element homeostasis and mRNA gene expression in the olfactory bulb, with effects that depend on sex and genetics. We found that DIO led to alterations in iron and manganese predominantly in male B6J mice, and gene expression dysregulation mainly in male D2J mice. These results have important implications for health outcomes related to obesity with possible connections to neurodegenerative disease.

mRNA gene expression patterns in osteochondrosis dessicans

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. A123-A123
Author(s):  
C.L. Curtis ◽  
S.G. Rees ◽  
C. Wilson ◽  
R. Williams ◽  
C. Dent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Mrna Gene Expression

scholarly journals The Anti-inflammatory Immune Regulation Induced by Butyrate Is Impaired in Inflamed Intestinal Mucosa from Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria K. Magnusson ◽  
Stefan Isaksson ◽  
Lena Öhman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Profile ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mrna Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Altered gut microbiota composition and reduced levels of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, have been identified as key components of ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to determine and compare effects of butyrate on the intestinal immune profile of UC patients with active disease and non-inflamed controls. Biopsies were cultivated during 6 h with or without butyrate. Cytokines were measured in supernatants and mRNA gene expression was analyzed in biopsies using Qiagen RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays. The intestinal immune profile of cultured biopsies, as determined by mRNA gene expression and secreted cytokines, differed between inflamed UC samples and controls. Principal component analysis revealed that addition of butyrate differently regulated mRNA expression in inflamed biopsies from UC and non-inflamed biopsies from controls. Highly discriminant and predictive orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analyses identified 29 genes for UC (R2 = 0.94, Q2 = 0.86) and 23 genes for controls (R2 = 0.90, Q2 = 0.71) that were most regulated by butyrate. UC displayed more up-regulation of genes as compared with controls, and controls displayed the most prominent down-regulations. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified a down regulation of the Neuroinflammation Signaling pathway and predicted inhibition of the categories Inflammatory response, cellular movement, and cellular development as top diseases and functions, respectively, for controls but not for UC. In conclusion, butyrate has a different effect on gene regulation and more potently down-regulates gene expression of inflammatory pathways in non-inflamed controls than in inflamed tissue of UC patients. These discrepancies may at least partly explain why anticipated anti-inflammatory effects of local butyrate induction or supplementation are not always obtained.

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