scholarly journals Advances in HDL: Much More than Lipid Transporters

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaya Ben-Aicha ◽  
Lina Badimon ◽  
Gemma Vilahur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Lipid Transporters ◽  
The Impact

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles, beyond serving as lipid transporters and playing a key role in reverse cholesterol transport, carry a highly variable number of proteins, micro-RNAs, vitamins, and hormones, which endow them with the ability to mediate a plethora of cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote cardiovascular health. It is becoming increasingly evident, however, that the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities alters HDLs cargo and protective functions. This concept has led to the notion that metrics other than HDL-cholesterol levels, such as HDL functionality and composition, may better capture HDL cardiovascular protection. On the other hand, the potential of HDL as natural delivery carriers has also fostered the design of engineered HDL-mimetics aiming to improve HDL efficacy or as drug-delivery agents with therapeutic potential. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the molecules known to be transported by HDL particles and mainly discuss their functions in the cardiovascular system. Second, we describe the impact of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities on HDL remodeling. Finally, we review the currently developed HDL-based approaches.

scholarly journals Age at period cessation and trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Marie O'Keeffe ◽  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D Howe ◽  
Debbie Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from midlife to age 69 years.MethodsWe used data from the UK Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development to examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) from 36 to 69 years and trajectories of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HbA1c from 53 to 69 years.ResultsWe found no evidence that age at period cessation was associated with trajectories of log triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C from 53 to 69 years and trajectories of SBP or DBP from 36 to 69 years, regardless of whether period cessation occurred naturally or due to hysterectomy. While we found some evidence of associations of age at period cessation with log BMI, log WC and log HbA1c, patterns were not consistent and differences were small at age 69 years, with confidence intervals that spanned the null value.ConclusionHow and when women experience period cessation is unlikely to adversely affect conventional cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life. Women and clinicians concerned about the impact of type and timing of period cessation on conventional cardiovascular intermediates from midlife should be reassured that the impact over the long term is small.

scholarly journals Ten-Year Follow-Up of Clinical Governance Implementation in Primary Care: Improving Screening, Diagnosis and Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4299
Author(s):  
Carina Aguilar Martín ◽  
Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos López-Pablo ◽  
José Fernández-Sáez ◽  
Emma Forcadell Drago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Clinical Governance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Current improvement strategies for the control of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) in Europe are based on quality management policies. With the aim of understanding the effect of interventions delivered by primary healthcare systems, we evaluated the impact of clinical governance on cardiovascular health after ten years of implementation in Catalonia. A cohort study that included 1878 patients was conducted in 19 primary care centres (PCCs). Audits that comprised 13 cardiovascular health indicators were performed and general practitioners received periodic (annual, biannual or monthly) feedback about their clinical practice. We evaluated improvement in screening, diagnosis and control of the main CRFs and the effects of the feedback on cardiovascular risk (CR), incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, comparing baseline data with data at the end of the study (after a 10-year follow-up). The impact of the intervention was assessed globally and with respect to feedback frequency. General improvement was observed in screening, percentage of diagnoses and control of CRFs. At the end of the study, few clinically significant differences in CRFs were observed between groups. However, the reduction in CR was greater in the group receiving high frequency feedback, specifically in relation to smoking and control of diabetes and cholesterol (Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)). A protective effect of having a cardiovascular event (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.44–0.94) or death (HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35–0.88) was observed in patients from centres where general practitioners received high frequency feedback. Additionally, these PCCs presented improved cardiovascular health indicators and lower incidence and mortality by CVD, illustrating the impact of this intervention.

scholarly journals Implication of Low HDL-c Levels in Patients with Average LDL-c Levels: A Focus on Oxidized LDL, Large HDL Subpopulation, and Adiponectin

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo ◽  
José Sereno ◽  
Edite Teixeira-Lemos ◽  
Daniela Marado ◽  
Filipe Palavra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
The Impact

To evaluate the impact of low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) on patients with LDL-c average levels, focusing on oxidative, lipidic, and inflammatory profiles. Patients with cardiovascular risk factors (n=169) and control subjects (n=73) were divided into 2 subgroups, one of normal HDL-c and the other of low HDL-c levels. The following data was analyzed: BP, BMI, waist circumference and serum glucose Total-c, TGs, LDL-c, oxidized LDL, total HDL-c and subpopulations (small, intermediate, and large), paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, hsCRP, uric acid, TNF-α, adiponectin, VEGF, and iCAM1. In the control subgroup with low HDL-c levels, significantly higher values of BP and TGs and lower values of PON1 activity and adiponectin were found, versus control normal HDL-c subgroup. However, differences in patients’ subgroups were clearly more pronounced. Indeed, low HDL-c subgroup presented increased HbA1c, TGs, non-HDL-c, Ox-LDL, hsCRP, VEGF, and small HDL-c and reduced adiponectin and large HDL. In addition, Ox-LDL, large-HDL-c, and adiponectin presented interesting correlations with classical and nonclassical markers, mainly in the normal HDL-c patients’ subgroup. In conclusion, despite LDL-c average levels, low HDL-c concentrations seem to be associated with a poor cardiometabolic profile in a population with cardiovascular risk factors, which is better evidenced by traditional and nontraditional CV biomarkers, including Ox-LDL, large HDL-c, and adiponectin.

Three-Year Changes in Fitness and Adiposity Are Independently Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Young Danish Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Jago ◽  
Karsten Froberg ◽  
Ashley R. Cooper ◽  
Stig Eiberg ◽  
Lars Bo Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Prevent Weight Gain

Background:It is not clear the extent to which change in adiposity and cardiovascular fitness (CRF) during early childhood are associated with change in cardiovascular risk factors or if associations are independent or interactive.Methods:383 Danish children were examined at ages 6 and 9. CRF, sum of skinfolds (SSF), and blood pressure were assessed. Fasting blood samples were used to calculate total cholesterol (TC), high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C & LDL-C), triglycerides, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR. Regression models examined whether CRF change or SSF change were independently or interactively associated with risk variables.Results:Change in SSF was independently associated with change in TC (z =4.83, P < .0o1), LDL-C (z =4.38, P < .001), systolic (z = 3.45, P < .001), and diastolic (z = 2.45, P = .014) blood pressure. CRF change was independently associated with change in TC (z =-3.86, P < .001), HDL-C (z =3.85, P < .001), and systolic blood pressure (z = 2.06, P = .040).Conclusions:Change in fitness and adiposity were independently associated with the development of cardiovascular risk factors among young children suggesting a need to increase CRF and prevent weight gain early during development to improve cardiovascular health.

Foetal nutritional status and cardiovascular risk profile among children

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Christopher Sempos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the impact of foetal nutritional status on cardiovascular risk among children with the Foetal Nutritional Status Index (FNSI), calculated by dividing the child's birth weight (BW, kg) by the mother's height (m2).DesignCross-sectional survey analysis.SettingA sample of children from the US Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.SubjectsA total of 3109 children who were 5–11 years of age and had data on BW and mother's height. Non-fasting blood samples were included.ResultsOverall, the FNSI was positively associated with BW and negatively associated with mother's height (P < 0.0001). Within sex-specific quintiles of FNSI (third quintile as reference) adjusted for potential confounding variables, cardiovascular risk factors tended to be ‘higher’ in the lower quintiles for males while the opposite was true for females. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that the odds for males in quintile 1 was 2.4 for having a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.01) and 2.1 for having a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors (P = 0.01); for females, the odds of having a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors was approximately two times higher for those in the first and fifth quintiles, who also had a significantly higher prevalence of central obesity.ConclusionsThe FNSI may be a potential proxy indicator of foetal nutritional status and it may be used to test specific hypotheses of whether foetal nutrition restriction or overnutrition programmes future cardiovascular risk.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Acromegaly: What's the Impact of Disease Control?

2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (08) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Amado ◽  
Fernando Araújo ◽  
Davide Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Coagulation Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important causes of death in acromegalic patients. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among acromegalic patients and to evaluate the impact of disease control on these factors. Material and Methods 11 acromegalic patients with active disease and 12 controlled patients were evaluated for blood pressure, body mass index, glucose, coagulation status, and lipid profile. A group of 11 patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas was used as control population. Results Significant differences were found in lipid profile, glucose and coagulation status in both active and controlled patients. Higher levels of fasting glucose (151.2±102.5 mg/dL, p=0.05 and 108.3±23.4 mg/dL, p=0.02 for active and controlled patients respectively) and fibrinogen (427.1±61.9 mg/dL, p=0.02 and 437.3±106.6 mg/dL, p=0.04 for active and controlled patients respectively) were present in both acromegalic groups. Active patients had higher levels of antithrombin III (1.1±0.1 U/mL, p=0.005) and the controlled ones had higher levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (56.1±12.5 mg/dL, p=0.05), compared with the non-functioning group. The differences between active and controlled acromegalic patients are that the latter have reduced total cholesterol (170.4±31.7 vs 201.7±34.6 mg/dL, p=0.02), lower density lipoprotein cholesterol (96,8±25,2 vs 130.8±31.5 mg/dL, p=0.01) and antithrombin III (1.0±0.2 vs 1.1±0.1 U/mL, p=0.05). Conclusion There is some reduction in cardiovascular risk factors with control of the disease, but possibly without the return to basal levels.

Abstract 003: Change in Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Weight Gain in the Dallas Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M Powell ◽  
Colby R Ayers ◽  
James A de Lemos ◽  
Amit Khera ◽  
Susan G Lakoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Weight Gain ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Dallas Heart Study ◽  
The Impact

Background: Concerning trends in weight gain from 2000-2009 exist in the Dallas Heart Study (DHS), a probability-based sample of Dallas County residents aged 30-65. However, the impact of significant weight gain (≥ 5% increase in body weight) on cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in this contemporary, multi-ethnic population is not known. Methods: We measured weight, LDL-c, blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and fasting glucose (FG) in 2,022 DHS participants (58% female) at study entry in 2000 and in 2009. Using logistic regression stratified by sex and race/ethnicity, we determined the age-adjusted odds of worsening CVRF (any increase in LDL-c, SBP, DBP or FG) for people who gained significant weight compared to those who did not. Results: Among women, 43% (N=500) gained significant weight, compared to 42% of men (N=355). Despite similar average weight gain (9.7±5.8 kg for women vs. 10±5.6 kg for men, p=0.4), women who gained significant weight had almost twice as large an increase in LDL-c (14±34 vs. 8±39 mg/dl, p=0.01) and SBP (12±18 vs. 6±19 mmHg, p<0.001) compared with men who gained significant weight. Increases in DBP (5±10 vs. 4±11 mmHg, p=0.05) and FG (4±29 vs. 2±32 mg/dl, p=0.30) were not significantly different between men and women. Among those with significant weight gain who were not on medications, SBP and LDL-c increases were higher in women compared with men (p<0.05). Differences in the amount of weight gained stratified by race and sex were modest (Table). Black women who gained significant weight were likely to have a worsening of all CVRF, while Hispanic women had the highest likelihood of having an increase in SBP associated with weight gain. In contrast, significant weight gain among men was not associated with worsening CVRF. Conclusions: Significant weight gain was associated with a deleterious impact on CVRF among women but not men. Disparate effects of weight gain between men and women highlight the importance of targeting aggressive weight control interventions toward women to help prevent adverse cardiac outcomes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document