scholarly journals The Roles of CCN1/CYR61 in Pulmonary Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7810
Author(s):  
Yin Zhu ◽  
Sultan Almuntashiri ◽  
Yohan Han ◽  
Xiaoyun Wang ◽  
Payaningal Somanath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Matricellular Proteins ◽  
Ccn Family ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Regulation Of Proliferation ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

CCN1 (cysteine-rich 61, connective tissue growth factor, and nephroblastoma-1), previously named CYR61 (cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61) belongs to the CCN family of matricellular proteins. CCN1 plays critical roles in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Recent studies have extensively characterized the important physiological and pathological roles of CCN1 in various tissues and organs. In this review, we summarize both basic and clinical aspects of CCN1 in pulmonary diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), lung infection, and lung cancer. We also emphasize the important challenges for future investigations to better understand the CCN1 and its role in physiology and pathology, as well as the questions that need to be addressed for the therapeutic development of CCN1 antagonists in various lung diseases.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease in young: Alpha 1 anti trypsin deficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
S.S. Dhakal ◽  
K.K. Agrawaal ◽  
N.K. Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a clinically under recognized inherited disorder. The main clinical manifestations relate to three separate organs: the lung, the liver, and the skin. In the lung, severe deficiency of AAT predisposes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We present a case of 34 years male with a history of recurrent chest infections in past and treated in the line of bronchial asthma but not relieved. He was admitted on 22nd May 2011 at BPKIHS. He presented with type 2 respiratory failure and had features of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and left lower lobe pneumonia. The patient got improved with the treatment and is doing well on follow up. The diagnosis should be strongly suspected in patients with history suggestive of bronchial asthma and with obstructive features.Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2014;3(2):65-67

scholarly journals Possible Implication of Hypoxia-mediated Incomplete Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Pneumonia-induced Exacerbation of Lung Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakiko Masuda ◽  
Kurumi Kato ◽  
Misato Ishibashi ◽  
Yuka Nishibata ◽  
Ayako Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Abstract When patients with preexisting lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial pneumonitis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, develop pneumonia, the complication often exacerbates the underlying diseases. Although neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are important components of innate immune system, the residue of NETs in the tissue can harm the host. We examined the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and NETs in the lungs of patients with lung diseases complicated with pneumonia, and investigated the properties of NETs generated under hypoxia. This study demonstrated that the amount of NETs in pulmonary lesions was greater in patients with pneumonia than in patients without pneumonia and displayed a positive correlation between the amount of NETs and HIF-1α expression. We further demonstrated that the formation of typical lytic NETs was suppressed and round-shaped NETs were generated under hypoxic conditions in vitro. These round NETs were resistant to digestion by the principal NET regulator, DNase I. Focusing on actin rearrangement in neutrophils stimulated under hypoxic conditions, we found that G-actin polymerization and F-actin degradation—both of which are observed time-dependently under normoxic conditions—were disrupted, suggesting that hypoxia mediated the incomplete NET formation. Moreover, neutrophils stimulated under hypoxic conditions possessed cytotoxicity. Accumulation of neutrophils that form degradation-resistant NETs and possess cytotoxicity, which are generated under hypoxic circumstances, are expected to be involved in exacerbation of underlying lung diseases complicated with pneumonia.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker(CHW) training in monitoring and care of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) in rural Gujarat, India.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Gupta ◽  
Ajay Phatak ◽  
Meha Patel ◽  
Neha Das ◽  
Nirav Vaghela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Distress Score ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Health Experts

Abstract Background- COPD is the second leading contributor to the disease burden of India. The current COPD burden cannot be managed effectively just through a physician based approach. Community Health Workers(CHWs) can play an effective role in making COPD care accessible and effective. Findings of an assessment of a training program for CHWs on COPD are reported here.Methods- 90 CHWs were exposed to a series of 5 training sessions designed and administered jointly by a team of public health experts and physiotherapists in the year 2017-18. Topics covered were basic clinical aspects of COPD, monitoring a patient with COPD and basic aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation. The assessment comprised 12 MCQs and short questions, 7 video exercises, 2 case vignettes and 5 skill assessments through Objectively Structured Clinical Examination(OSCE). Mean percentage scores were calculated for each domain of assessment to make it comparable.Results 70 CHWs with a mean age of 42.2 years completed all the trainings and underwent the assessment. Mean percentage score(SD) for knowledge was 62%(16.3). In OSCE assessment, scores were best in sputum clearance technique demonstration(92.1%) and the least in dyspnoea relieving positions(59.2%). The CHWs had difficulties in identifying signs of respiratory distress(score – 55.1%). No statistically significant association was observed between performance scores and their sociodemographic profile.Conclusion The results were encouraging and the program may be pilot tested in a Government setting.

scholarly journals The Effects of Corticosteroids on the Respiratory Microbiome: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia E. Hartmann ◽  
Werner C. Albrich ◽  
Marija Dmitrijeva ◽  
Christian R. Kahlert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Respiratory Microbiome

Background: Since its discovery, the respiratory microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple pulmonary diseases. Even though corticosteroid treatments are widely prescribed for pulmonary diseases, their effects on the respiratory microbiome are still poorly understood. This systematic review summarizes the current understanding of the effects of corticosteroids on the microbiome of the airways.Research Question: How does treatment with corticosteroids impact the respiratory microbiome?Study Design and Methods: According to the PRISMA guidelines, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were systematically searched for all observational or randomized-controlled studies comparing the microbiome parameters of patients receiving corticosteroids to those of controls. The primary outcomes of interest were changes in the diversity, composition and total burden of the respiratory microbiome as assessed by culture-independent molecular methods.Results: Out of 1,943 identified reports, five studies could be included: two on patients with asthma, two on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and one on patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The studies were highly heterogeneous with regards to the methods used and the populations investigated. Microbiome diversity increased with corticosteroids at least transiently in three studies and decreased in one study. The effects of corticosteroids on the composition of the respiratory microbiome were significant but without a clear shared direction. A significant increase in microbial burden after corticosteroids was seen in one study.Interpretation: Data on the effect of corticosteroids on the respiratory microbiome are still limited, with considerable heterogeneity between studies. However, available data suggest that corticosteroid treatment may have significant effects on the composition and possibly the diversity of the respiratory microbiome. Further research is needed to better understand the influence of corticosteroids on the respiratory microbiome and thus better target its widespread therapeutic use.

scholarly journals Asthma and COPD Patients’ Perception of Appropriate Metered-Dose Inhaler Technique

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932582091783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijdan H. Ramadan ◽  
Aline Sarkis ◽  
Sandrine Sarine Aderian ◽  
Aline Milane
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Dose Inhaler ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic illnesses of the airways affecting a good number of people in Lebanon and the Middle East. Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) are important drug delivery systems used to treat such pulmonary diseases. Drugs proven to be valuable and effective may fail to act effectively if such inhalers are used incorrectly. The purpose of this study was to assess the technical use of pMDIs by patients with pulmonary diseases presenting to the community pharmacies in Lebanon. Methods: A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data. A total of 601 patients using drugs delivered through pMDIs and presenting to 12 Lebanese community pharmacies were recruited to participate in the research project. The questionnaire items were divided into 3 subscales: subscale 1—assessing the device preparation; subscale 2—investigating the device use; and subscale 3—examining the knowledge and use of spacers. After confirming the reliability and validity of the survey tool, patients’ responses were analyzed and compared according to many variables. Results: Many patients answered inaccurately to questions assessing both the device preparation and use. Around 40% of patients said they do not coordinate the inhalation with pressing the canister down. The mean scores were 1.72 (± 0.73) over 6 and 5.67 (± 1.44) over 7 for subscales 1 and 2, respectively. The mean total score on all questions was 7.39 over 13, with a standard deviation of 1.75. While patients’ age did not impact the results, asthmatic, well-educated, male patients had fewer wrong answers when it comes to preparing and using the device ( P < .01). Conclusions: Our study showed that many patients with asthma and COPD might not be properly using their pMDIs. Appropriate inhaler use is crucial for successful pulmonary disease management. As pMDIs are one of the most difficult devices to use, proper and tailored instructions should be given to patients.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Implication of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Tissue, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and Platelets during Lung Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Riou ◽  
Abrar Alfatni ◽  
Anne-Laure Charles ◽  
Emmanuel Andrès ◽  
Cristina Pistea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary arterial hypertension, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Complex, their physiopathology is multifactorial and includes lung mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, which deserves increased attention. Further, and importantly, circulating blood cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells-(PBMCs) and platelets) likely participate in these systemic diseases. This review presents the data published so far and shows that circulating blood cells mitochondrial oxidative capacity are likely to be reduced in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but enhanced in asthma and pulmonary arterial hypertension in a context of increased oxidative stress. Besides such PBMCs or platelets bioenergetics modifications, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) changes have also been observed in patients. These new insights open exciting challenges to determine their role as biomarkers or potential guide to a new therapeutic approach in lung diseases.

scholarly journals Protective Features of Autophagy in Pulmonary Infection and Inflammatory Diseases

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Wang ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Pengju Zhang ◽  
Ping Lin ◽  
Na Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Cellular Stressors

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process involving autolysosomal degradation of cellular components, including protein aggregates, damaged organelles (such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and others), as well as various pathogens. Thus, the autophagy pathway represents a major adaptive response for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis in response to numerous cellular stressors. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy is closely associated with diverse human diseases. Specifically, acute lung injury (ALI) and inflammatory responses caused by bacterial infection or xenobiotic inhalation (e.g., chlorine and cigarette smoke) have been reported to involve a spectrum of alterations in autophagy phenotypes. The role of autophagy in pulmonary infection and inflammatory diseases could be protective or harmful dependent on the conditions. In this review, we describe recent advances regarding the protective features of autophagy in pulmonary diseases, with a focus on ALI, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and cystic fibrosis.

scholarly journals CYR61 (CCN1) Is Essential for Placental Development and Vascular Integrity

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 8709-8720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan-E Mo ◽  
Andrew G. Muntean ◽  
Chih-Chiun Chen ◽  
Donna B. Stolz ◽  
Simon C. Watkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Matricellular Proteins ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Ccn Family ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Vascular Insufficiency

ABSTRACT CYR61 (CCN1) is a member of the CCN family of secreted matricellular proteins that includes connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), NOV (CCN3), WISP-1 (CCN4), WISP-2 (CCN5), and WISP-3 (CCN6). First identified as the product of a growth factor-inducible immediate-early gene, CYR61 is an extracellular matrix-associated angiogenic inducer that functions as a ligand of integrin receptors to promote cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Aberrant expression of Cyr61 is associated with breast cancer, wound healing, and vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. To understand the functions of CYR61 during development, we have disrupted the Cyr61 gene in mice. We show here that Cyr61-null mice suffer embryonic death: ∼30% succumbed to a failure in chorioallantoic fusion, and the reminder perished due to placental vascular insufficiency and compromised vessel integrity. These findings establish CYR61 as a novel and essential regulator of vascular development. CYR61 deficiency results in a specific defect in vessel bifurcation (nonsprouting angiogenesis) at the chorioallantoic junction, leading to an undervascularization of the placenta without affecting differentiation of the labyrinthine syncytiotrophoblasts. This unique phenotype is correlated with impaired Vegf-C expression in the allantoic mesoderm, suggesting that CYR61-regulated expression of Vegf-C plays a role in vessel bifurcation. The genetic and molecular basis of vessel bifurcation is presently unknown, and these findings provide new insight into this aspect of angiogenesis.

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