scholarly journals Critical Role for AMPK in Metabolic Disease-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Juszczak ◽  
Nathalie Caron ◽  
Anna V. Mathew ◽  
Anne-Emilie Declèves
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Renal Cells

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in 9.1% of the global population and is a significant public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CKD is associated with highly prevalent physiological and metabolic disturbances such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and aging, which are also risk factors for CKD pathogenesis and progression. Podocytes and proximal tubular cells of the kidney strongly express AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK plays essential roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell survival, growth, and inflammation. Thus, metabolic disease-induced renal diseases like obesity-related and diabetic chronic kidney disease demonstrate dysregulated AMPK in the kidney. Activating AMPK ameliorates the pathological and phenotypical features of both diseases. As a metabolic sensor, AMPK regulates active tubular transport and helps renal cells to survive low energy states. AMPK also exerts a key role in mitochondrial homeostasis and is known to regulate autophagy in mammalian cells. While the nutrient-sensing role of AMPK is critical in determining the fate of renal cells, the role of AMPK in kidney autophagy and mitochondrial quality control leading to pathology in metabolic disease-related CKD is not very clear and needs further investigation. This review highlights the crucial role of AMPK in renal cell dysfunction associated with metabolic diseases and aims to expand therapeutic strategies by understanding the molecular and cellular processes underlying CKD.

scholarly journals Role of socioeconomic disparities in incidence and mortality of chronic kidney disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mohammadian ◽  
Hamid Salehiniya ◽  
Fatemeh Allah Bakeshei ◽  
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Incidence Of Ckd ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem known as one of the most important factors for premature death (Coresh et al., 2007; Martins et al., 2012). The disparity in the distribution of CKD is due to the socio-economic factors, gender, ethnicity and race at the global level (Norris and Nissenson, 2008; Norris and Agodoa, 2005). Roles of socio-economic conditions have been recently taken into account as a key factor in the pathway of CKD creation and expansion (Bruce et al., 2009; Nicholas et al., 2015). Several studies worldwide investigated a strong relationship between socioeconomic status and incidence of CKD complications (Crews et al., 2012; Jurkovitz et al., 2012; Saab et al., 2012).

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease, Obesity, and Hypertension: The Role of Leptin and Adiponectin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tesauro ◽  
A. Mascali ◽  
O. Franzese ◽  
S. Cipriani ◽  
C. Cardillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Renal Progression ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Progression Factor

Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem and characterized by a progressive loss in renal function over a period of months or years as defined by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney. Several elements contribute to determine a progression of the kidney injury, inducing a worsening of renal damage and accelerating the decline of renal function: obesity and hypertension are two known factors of kidney progression. Remarkable improvements have been recently achieved in the study of the endocrine features of the adipose tissue and have been able to produce hormone-like peptides named adipokines or adipocytokines. Among these adipocytokines, which represent a link between obesity, hypertension, and chronic nephropathy, leptins and adiponectin appear to play an important role. Leptin not only is a prohypertension element (renal progression factor) through the activation sympathetic nervous, but also is able to induce prosclerotic effects directly on the kidney. In contrast, a decline of adiponectin levels has been shown to be related to a picture of hypertension: an endothelial dysfunction has been described as the main pathogenic mechanism responsible for this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Nicotine exposure and the progression of chronic kidney disease: role of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (2) ◽  
pp. F304-F312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rezonzew ◽  
Phillip Chumley ◽  
Wenguang Feng ◽  
Ping Hua ◽  
Gene P. Siegal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Nadph Oxidase 4 ◽  
Α7 Nachr

Clinical studies have established the role of cigarette smoking as a risk factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We have shown that nicotine promotes mesangial cell proliferation and hypertrophy via nonneuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The α7-nAChR is one of the most important subunits of the nAChRs. These studies were designed to test the hypothesis that nicotine worsens renal injury in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) and that the α7-nAChR subunit is required for these effects. We studied five different groups: Sham, 5/6Nx, 5/6Nx + nicotine (Nic; 100 μg/ml dry wt), 5/6Nx + Nic + α7-nAChR blocker methyllicaconitine (MLA; 3 mg·kg−1·day−1 sq), and Sham + Nic. Blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method, and urine was collected for proteinuria. After 12 wk, the rats were euthanized and kidneys were collected. We observed expression of the α7-nAChR in the proximal and distal tubules. The administration of nicotine induced a small increase in blood pressure and resulted in cotinine levels similar to those found in the plasma of smokers. In 5/6Nx rats, the administration of nicotine significantly increased urinary protein excretion (onefold), worsened the glomerular injury score and increased fibronectin (∼ 50%), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4; ∼100%), and transforming growth factor-β expression (∼200%). The administration of nicotine to sham rats increased total proteinuria but not albuminuria, suggesting direct effects on tubular protein reabsorption. These effects were prevented by MLA, demonstrating a critical role for the α7-nAChR as a mediator of the effects of nicotine in the progression of CKD.

scholarly journals Deprivation and kidney disease—a predictor of poor outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Greg D Guthrie ◽  
Samira Bell
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Abstract There is a growing body of evidence for the role of deprivation in a broad spectrum of diseases including renal disease. Deprivation has been demonstrated to be associated with poorer outcomes across a range of renal diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease and transplantation. In this issue of Clinical Kidney Journal, Hounkpatin et al. describe the association of socioeconomic deprivation with incidence, mortality and resolution of AKI in a large UK cohort. Investigating deprivation as a factor influencing either incidence or outcome of disease is challenging due to variations in measures of deprivation used and other confounding factors that may be contributing to the observed differences. In this editorial, we review the current literature examining the role of deprivation in renal disease.

scholarly journals Vesicles bearing gifts: the functional importance of micro-RNA transfer in extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. F1430-F1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Abbasian ◽  
Karl E. Herbert ◽  
Izabella Pawluczyk ◽  
James O. Burton ◽  
Alan Bevington
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Renal Vascular

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microparticles (MPs) and exosomes (EXOs), are derived from a wide range of mammalian cells including blood platelets, endothelial cells, and kidney cells and can be detected in body fluids including blood and urine. While EVs are well established as diagnostic markers under pathophysiological and stress conditions, there is also mounting evidence of their functional significance as vehicles for communication between cells mediated by the presence of nucleic acids, especially microRNAs (miRs), encapsulated in the EVs. miRs regulate gene expression, are transported both in MPs and EXOs, and exert profound effects in the kidney. Here we review current understanding of the links between EVs and miRs, discuss the importance of miRs in kidney disease, and shed light on the role of EVs in transferring miRs through the circulation among the renal, vascular, and inflammatory cell populations that are functionally important in patients with chronic kidney disease.

The critical role of chronic kidney disease in the progression of AL-amyloid cardiopathy

Amyloid ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 109-110
Author(s):  
Anna Rameeva ◽  
Ksenia Vedanova ◽  
Vilen Rameev ◽  
Ayten Safarova ◽  
Irina Bobkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Al Amyloid

scholarly journals Role of Myeloperoxidase in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Kisic ◽  
Dijana Miric ◽  
Ilija Dragojevic ◽  
Julijana Rasic ◽  
Ljiljana Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. Patients with CKD have a number of disorders in the organism, and the presence of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in these patients is the subject of numerous studies. Chronic inflammation joined with oxidative stress contributes to the development of numerous complications: accelerated atherosclerosis process and cardiovascular disease, emergence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, development of malnutrition, anaemia, hyperparathyroidism, and so forth, affecting the prognosis and quality of life of patients with CKD. In this review we presented the potential role of the myeloperoxidase enzyme in the production of reactive/chlorinating intermediates and their role in oxidative damage to biomolecules in the body of patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. In addition, we discussed the role of modified lipoprotein particles under the influence of prooxidant MPO intermediates in the development of endothelial changes and cardiovascular complications in renal failure.

scholarly journals Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease – Role of Arterial Calcification and Impact on Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Phan ◽  
Michel Burnier ◽  
Grégoire Wuerzner ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Impact On Treatment

Hypertension contributes to the progression of kidney diseases as well as to the occurrence of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke. The prevalence of hypertension is elevated in patients with kidney disease, and increases progressively as glomerular filtration rate falls. A better understanding of the mechanisms leading to hypertension in renal diseases has been gained in recent years; in this article we will review the pathogenesis of hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD) with a special focus on vascular calcification because calcification is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity in CKD patients. Although calcification of large arteries and blood pressure increase with age, few studies have specifically investigated a possible connection between these two factors as determinants of the severity of hypertension in CKD. Finally, we will review the trends in hypertension treatment in CKD patients. Expanded understanding of the role of CKD as both a cause and a target of hypertension highlights key points of pathophysiology of hypertension and may contribute to the identification of new strategies for its prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Renal Tissue Oxygenation in Essential Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menno Pruijm ◽  
Lucie Hofmann ◽  
Bruno Vogt ◽  
Marie-Eve Muller ◽  
Maciej Piskunowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Bold Mri ◽  
Mri Studies

Animal studies suggest that renal tissue hypoxia plays an important role in the development of renal damage in hypertension and renal diseases, yet human data were scarce due to the lack of noninvasive methods. Over the last decade, blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI), detecting deoxyhemoglobin in hypoxic renal tissue, has become a powerful tool to assess kidney oxygenation noninvasively in humans. This paper provides an overview of BOLD-MRI studies performed in patients suffering from essential hypertension or chronic kidney disease (CKD). In line with animal studies, acute changes in cortical and medullary oxygenation have been observed after the administration of medication (furosemide, blockers of the renin-angiotensin system) or alterations in sodium intake in these patient groups, underlining the important role of renal sodium handling in kidney oxygenation. In contrast, no BOLD-MRI studies have convincingly demonstrated that renal oxygenation is chronically reduced in essential hypertension or in CKD or chronically altered after long-term medication intake. More studies are required to clarify this discrepancy and to further unravel the role of renal oxygenation in the development and progression of essential hypertension and CKD in humans.

Potential effect of pharmaceutical care to improve outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder in Sulaimani dialysis centers

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-94
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Mineral Bone Disorder ◽  
Bone Disorder

Objective: the present study was aimed to evaluate the role of pharmaceutical services in improving the outcome of mineral bone disorder in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) screened for eligibility, seventy-six patients enrolled in the study and randomly allocated into two groups: pharmaceutical care and usual care, both groups interviewed by the pharmacist using specific questionnaire for assessing the quality of life (QoL). All the drug related problems (DRPs) including drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were recorded by the pharmacist. Blood samples were collected and utilized for analyzing the levels of vitamin D, phosphorous, calcium, albumin and parathyroid hormone at baseline and three months after. The pharmaceutical care group received all the educations about their medications and how to minimize DRPs; improve the QoL. Additionally, the pharmaceutical intervention included correcting the biochemical parameters. Results: Pharmaceutical care significantly improved patients QoL and minimized DRPs and DDIs. It was also effective in improving the biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical care has a positive impact on improving the outcome of patients with CKD-MBD through attenuating DRPs, improving the biochemical parameters and the QoL.

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