scholarly journals Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (VIPN) in Pediatric Tumors: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, Strategies of Prevention and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4112
Author(s):  
Silvia Triarico ◽  
Alberto Romano ◽  
Giorgio Attinà ◽  
Michele Antonio Capozza ◽  
Palma Maurizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Peripheral Neurotoxicity ◽  
Dose Time ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Pain Disability ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Oncologic Patients

Vincristine-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (VIPN) is a very common side effect of vincristine chemotherapy among pediatric patients with cancer. Neuropathy may be sensory, motor and/or autonomic, with consequent reduction, delay or discontinuation of vincristine-chemotherapy, but also pain, disability, reduced quality of life of patients and an increase in medical costs. Vincristine acts out its antineoplastic function by altering the normal assembly and disassembly of microtubules, with their consequent mitosis block and death. Vincristine leads to VIPN through a complex mechanism of damage, which occurs not only on the microtubules, but also on the endothelium and the mitochondria of nerve cells. Furthermore, both patient-related risk factors (age, race, ethnicity and genetic polymorphisms) and treatment-related risk factors (dose, time of infusion and drug–drug interactions) are involved in the pathogenesis of VIPN. There is a lack of consensus about the prophylaxis and treatment of VIPN among pediatric oncologic patients, despite several molecules (such as gabapentin, pyridoxine and pyridostigmine, glutamic acid and glutamine) having been already investigated in clinical trials. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of VIPN and analyzes the risk factors and the principal drugs adopted for the prophylaxis and treatment of VIPN in pediatric patients with cancer.

#31: Risk Factors Associated with Mortality due to Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Pediatric Oncology Patients with Febrile Neutropenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S15-S16
Author(s):  
Miguel A Minero ◽  
Asia Castro ◽  
Martha Avilés-Robles
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Febrile Neutropenia ◽  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Infectious processes are frequent complications presented in pediatric patients with cancer. Currently, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics induces resistance to available treatments, creating the emergence of multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Due to the impact in morbidity and mortality secondary to MDRO infection, we aimed to identify risk factors associated with mortality in infections due to MDROs in pediatric patients with cancer. Methods Case–control study nested in a prospective cohort of pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) at Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) in Mexico City from March 2015 to September 2017. MDRO was defined as acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. Patients with FN episodes who died from an infection due to MDROs were defined as cases and patients with FN episodes of an infection due to MDROs who did not die were defined as controls. Mucositis, septic shock, PICU stay, and bacterial prophylaxis (Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole) were compared between groups. Descriptive statistics was performed and Pearson χ 2 or Student’s t-test were used to compare risk factors between groups. Results A total of 929 FN episodes were documented, 44.4% episodes occurred in male patients, mean age was 7.9 years, with the population under 5 years being the most represented (68.2%). The most frequent diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 75% followed by rhabdomyosarcoma in 10.5% and acute myeloid leukemia in 9.6%. Prophylaxis (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) was used in 86%, mucositis was present in 9.2% of episodes. 12.1% had septic shock and 4.7% were admitted to PICU. In 148 FN episodes (15.9%) a microorganism was identified, of these 50 (33.7%) were due to an MDROs. Urinary tract infection was the most frequent site (49%), followed by bloodstream infections (47%). K. pneumoniae was the most frequent MDRO in 22.8%, followed by E. coli in 19.2% and P. aeruginosa in 14%. Septic shock was presented in 26% of MDROs infections. Overall mortality was 1.94% and only 0.86% (8) were secondary to MDROs. Of patients with MDRO isolated mortality was 30% (15/50). Mortality associated with bloodstream infection due to MDROs was 25% compared with other source of MDROs infections (3%) (P = 0.01). Septic shock was present in 40% of patients with death due to MDROs infection (P = 0.001). Conclusions In our population of children with FN episodes who had an isolated microorganism, infection due to MDROs are high (33.7%) and MDROs infection-directed mortality was as high as 30%. Bloodstream infections and septic shock were risk factors associated with mortality due to MDROs.

RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ORAL MUCOSITIS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. e279
Author(s):  
MARINA CURRA ◽  
AMANDA DE FARIAS GABRIEL ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO TREVIZANI MARTINS ◽  
MARIA BEATRIZ CARDOSO FERREIRA ◽  
ANDRé BRUNETTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patients With Cancer

Risk Factors for Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile Infection Among Pediatric Patients With Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. e167-e172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuro Daida ◽  
Hiroki Yoshihara ◽  
Ikuko Inai ◽  
Daisuke Hasegawa ◽  
Yasushi Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Hospital Acquired

scholarly journals Clinical features and death risk factors in COVID-19 patients with cancer: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Qiao Yang ◽  
Jun Ye ◽  
Xiaocheng Wu ◽  
Xianhua Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Severe Group

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world. This retrospective study aims to analyze the clinical features of COVID-19 patients with cancer and identify death outcome related risk factors. Methods From February 10th to April 15th, 2020, 103 COVID-19 patients with cancer were enrolled. Difference analyses were performed between severe and non-severe patients. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed, including 103 COVID-19 patients with cancer and 206 matched non-cancer COVID-19 patients. Next, we identified death related risk factors and developed a nomogram for predicting the probability. Results In 103 COVID-19 patients with cancer, the main cancer categories were breast cancer, lung cancer and bladder cancer. Compared to non-severe patients, severe patients had a higher median age, and a higher proportion of smokers, diabetes, heart disease and dyspnea. In addition, most of the laboratory results between two groups were significantly different. PSM analysis found that the proportion of dyspnea was much higher in COVID-19 patients with cancer. The severity incidence in two groups were similar, while a much higher mortality was found in COVID-19 patients with cancer compared to that in COVID-19 patients without cancer (11.7% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.028). Furthermore, we found that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were related to death outcome. And a nomogram based on the factors was developed. Conclusion In COVID-19 patients with cancer, the clinical features and laboratory results between severe group and non-severe group were significantly different. NLR and CRP were the risk factors that could predict death outcome.

Patient-related Risk Factors for Nausea and Vomiting With Standard Antiemetics in Patients With Cancer Receiving Carboplatin: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1975-1982
Author(s):  
Izumi Nasu ◽  
Rena Shimano ◽  
Hitoshi Kawazoe ◽  
Tomonori Nakamura ◽  
Yuji Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Related Risk

Risk Factors for Typhlitis in Pediatric Patients With Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadar Moran ◽  
Isaac Yaniv ◽  
Shai Ashkenazi ◽  
Michael Schwartz ◽  
Salvador Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Patients With Cancer

scholarly journals Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Risk Factors, Molecular Mechanisms, Future Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962095428
Author(s):  
Marwa S. Hamza ◽  
Shaker A. Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Integrin Αvβ3 ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cancer Associated Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health problem in patients with cancer. Cancer augments thrombosis and causes cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) and vice versa thrombosis amplifies cancer progression, termed thrombosis-associated cancer (TAC). Risk factors that lead to CAT and TAC include cancer type, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, anti-angiogenesis therapy, surgery, or supportive therapy with hematopoietic growth factors. There are some other factors that have an effect on CAT and TAC such as tissue factor, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released in response to cancer, cancer procoagulant, and cytokines. Oncogenes, estrogen hormone, and thyroid hormone with its integrin αvβ3 receptor promote angiogenesis. Lastly, patient-related factors can play a role in development of thrombosis in cancer. Low-molecular-weight heparin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are used in VTE prophylaxis and treatment rather than vitamin K antagonist. Now, there are new directions for potential management of VTE in patients with cancer such as euthyroid, blockade of thyroid hormone receptor on integrin αvβ3, sulfated non-anticoagulant heparin, inhibition of NETs and stratifying low and high-risk patients with significant bleeding problems with DOACs.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Death Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients with Cancer: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Qiao Yang ◽  
Jun Ye ◽  
Xiaocheng Wu ◽  
Xianhua Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Propensity Score Matching Analysis ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Severe Group

Abstract Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world. This retrospective study aims to analyze the clinical features of COVID-19 patients with cancer and identify death outcome related risk factors.Methods: From February 10th to April 15th, 2020, 103 COVID-19 patients with cancer were enrolled. Difference analyses were performed between severe and non-severe patients. A propensity score matching analysis, including 103 COVID-19 patients with cancer and 206 matched non-cancer COVID-19 patients were performed. Next, we identified death related risk factors and developed a nomogram for predicting the probability.Results: In 103 COVID-19 patients with cancer, the main cancer categories were breast cancer, lung cancer and bladder cancer. Compared to non-severe patients, severe patients had a higher median age, and a higher proportion of smokers, diabetes, heart disease and dyspnea. In addition, most of the laboratory results between two groups were significant different. PSM analysis found that the proportion of dyspnea was much higher in COVID-19 patients with cancer. The severity incidence in two groups were similar, while a much higher mortality was found in COVID-19 patients with cancer compared to that in COVID-19 patients without cancer (11.7% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.028). Furthermore, we found that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were related to death outcome. And a nomogram based on the factors was developed.Conclusion: In COVID-19 patients with cancer, the clinical features and laboratory results between severe group and non-severe group were significant different. NLR and CRP were the risk factors that could predict death outcome.

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