scholarly journals The Structure–Properties–Cytotoxicity Interplay: A Crucial Pathway to Determining Graphene Oxide Biocompatibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5401
Author(s):  
Marta Dziewięcka ◽  
Mirosława Pawlyta ◽  
Łukasz Majchrzycki ◽  
Katarzyna Balin ◽  
Sylwia Barteczko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Potential Applications

Interest in graphene oxide nature and potential applications (especially nanocarriers) has resulted in numerous studies, but the results do not lead to clear conclusions. In this paper, graphene oxide is obtained by multiple synthesis methods and generally characterized. The mechanism of GO interaction with the organism is hard to summarize due to its high chemical activity and variability during the synthesis process and in biological buffers’ environments. When assessing the biocompatibility of GO, it is necessary to take into account many factors derived from nanoparticles (structure, morphology, chemical composition) and the organism (species, defense mechanisms, adaptation). This research aims to determine and compare the in vivo toxicity potential of GO samples from various manufacturers. Each GO sample is analyzed in two concentrations and applied with food. The physiological reactions of an easy model Acheta domesticus (cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative defense, DNA damage) during ten-day lasting exposure were observed. This study emphasizes the variability of the GO nature and complements the biocompatibility aspect, especially in the context of various GO-based experimental models. Changes in the cell biomarkers are discussed in light of detailed physicochemical analysis.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Experimental Models of Cholangiocarcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Massa ◽  
Chiara Varamo ◽  
Francesca Vita ◽  
Simona Tavolari ◽  
Caterina Peraldo-Neia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Models ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Models ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Molecular Aberrations

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare, aggressive disease with poor overall survival. In advanced cases, surgery is often not possible or fails; in addition, there is a lack of effective and specific therapies. Multidisciplinary approaches and advanced technologies have improved the knowledge of CCA molecular pathogenesis, highlighting its extreme heterogeneity and high frequency of genetic and molecular aberrations. Effective preclinical models, therefore, should be based on a comparable level of complexity. In the past years, there has been a consistent increase in the number of available CCA models. The exploitation of even more complex CCA models is rising. Examples are the use of CRISPR/Cas9 or stabilized organoids for in vitro studies, as well as patient-derived xenografts or transgenic mouse models for in vivo applications. Here, we examine the available preclinical CCA models exploited to investigate: (i) carcinogenesis processes from initiation to progression; and (ii) tools for personalized therapy and innovative therapeutic approaches, including chemotherapy and immune/targeted therapies. For each model, we describe the potential applications, highlighting both its advantages and limits.

Evaluation of in vivo graphene oxide toxicity for Acheta domesticus in relation to nanomaterial purity and time passed from the exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Dziewięcka ◽  
Julia Karpeta-Kaczmarek ◽  
Maria Augustyniak ◽  
Łukasz Majchrzycki ◽  
Maria A. Augustyniak-Jabłokow
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Acheta Domesticus

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of an Injectable and Photo-Responsive Chitosan Methacrylate/Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Adhesion and Repair

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Daniela N. Céspedes-Valenzuela ◽  
Santiago Sánchez-Rentería ◽  
Javier Cifuentes ◽  
Mónica Gantiva-Diaz ◽  
Julian A. Serna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Femur Fractures ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fea Simulation

As life expectancy continues to increase, the inevitable weakening and rupture of bone tissue have grown as concerns in the medical community, thus leading to the need for adhesive materials suitable for bone repair applications. However, current commercially available adhesives face certain drawbacks that prevent proper tissue repair, such as low biocompatibility, poor adhesion to wet surfaces, and the need for high polymerization temperatures. This work aims to develop an injectable and photo-responsive chitosan methacrylate/graphene oxide (ChiMA/GO) adhesive nanocomposite hydrogel of high biocompatibility that is easy to apply by simple extrusion and that offers the possibility for in situ polymer and physiological temperatures. The nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized spectroscopically, microscopically, rheologically, thermally, and through mechanical, textural, and biological assays to fully evaluate its correct synthesis and functionalization and its performance under physiological conditions that mimic those observed in vivo. In addition, a finite element analysis (FEA) simulation was used to evaluate its performance in femur fractures. Results suggest the material’s potential as a bioadhesive, as it can polymerize at room temperature, shows superior stability in physiological media, and is capable of withstanding loads from body weight and movement. Moreover, the material showed remarkable biocompatibility as evidenced by low hemolytic and intermediate platelet aggregation tendencies, and high cytocompatibility when in contact with osteoblasts. The comprehensive studies presented here strongly suggest that the developed hydrogels are promising alternatives to conventional bone adhesives that might be further tested in vivo in the near future.

scholarly journals PENGARUH METODE PROSES SINTESIS ANALOG KURKUMIN ASIMETRIS TERHADAP EFEK HEPATOPROTEKTIF MENCIT (Mus musculus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Imanuel Berly Delvis Kapelle ◽  
Wasmen Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Curcumin Analog ◽  
Curcumin Analogs ◽  
Process Method

Effect of Synthesis Process Method of Asymmetric Curcumin Analog on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Mice (Mus musculus L.) Asymmetric curcumin analogs (ACA) can be synthesized from cullilawan oil. ACA products can be synthesized using conventional methods and microwaves. Synthesis methods can affect physical properties and pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the process method on the hepatoprotective ability of ACA and to determine the effective dose. ACA products were tested in vivo in mice (Mus musculus L.) with CCl4-induced liver damage. The parameters observed were biochemical liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and histological analysis. The results showed that animals treated with ACA-k products had better weight gain, lower AST and ALT levels, and fewer histological signs of liver damage at higher ACA doses than those observed in animals that were untreated or treated with ACA-m products. Thus, asymmetric curcumin analog products that were processed by conventional method were more hepatoprotective. Keywords: ACA, culilawan oil, hepatoprotection, in vivo, product diversification ABSTRAK Analog kurkumin asimetris (AKAS) dapat disintesis dari minyak kulit lawang. Produk AKAS dapat disintesis menggunakan metode konvensional dan microwave. Metode sintesis dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisik dan efek farmakologis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode proses pada kemampuan hepatoprotektif AKAS dan untuk menentukan dosis efektif. Produk AKAS diuji in vivo pada mencit (Mus musculus L.) dengan kerusakan hati yang diinduksi CCl­4. Parameter yang diamati adalah biokimia enzim hati (AST dan ALT) dan analisis histologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hewan yang diobati dengan produk AKAS-k memiliki kenaikan berat badan yang lebih baik, tingkat AST dan ALT yang lebih rendah, dan lebih sedikit tanda histologis kerusakan hati pada dosis AKAS yang lebih tinggi daripada yang terlihat pada hewan yang tidak diperlakukan atau diobati dengan produk AKAS-m. Dengan demikian, produk analog kurkumin asimetris yang diproses dengan metode konvensional lebih hepatoprotektif.

Neutralization of a Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LHN-1) and Conventional Heparin by Protamine Sulfate in Rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Diness ◽  
P B Østergaard
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Protamine Sulfate ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Antithrombotic Effect ◽  
Higher Doses

SummaryThe neutralization of a low molecular weight heparin (LHN-1) and conventional heparin (CH) by protamine sulfate has been studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the APTT activity of CH was completely neutralized in parallel with the anti-Xa activity. The APTT activity of LHN-1 was almost completely neutralized in a way similar to the APTT activity of CH, whereas the anti-Xa activity of LHN-1 was only partially neutralized.In vivo, CH 3 mg/kg and LHN-1 7.2 mg/kg was given intravenously in rats. The APTT and anti-Xa activities, after neutralization by protamine sulfate in vivo, were similar to the results in vitro. In CH treated rats no haemorrhagic effect in the rat tail bleeding test and no antithrombotic effect in the rat stasis model was found at a protamine sulfate to heparin ratio of about 1, which neutralized APTT and anti-Xa activities. In LHN-1 treated rats the haemorrhagic effect was neutralized when APTT was close to normal whereas higher doses of protamine sulfate were required for neutralization of the antithrombotic effect. This probably reflects the fact that in most experimental models higher doses of heparin are needed to induce bleeding than to prevent thrombus formation. Our results demonstrate that even if complete neutralization of APTT and anti-Xa activities were not seen in LHN-1 treated rats, the in vivo effects of LHN-1 could be neutralized as efficiently as those of conventional heparin. The large fall in blood pressure caused by high doses of protamine sulfate alone was prevented by the prior injection of LHN-1.

Antimicrobial peptides for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, allies or foes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1138-1147
Author(s):  
Bruno Rivas-Santiago ◽  
Flor Torres-Juarez
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that has become a serious public health issue in recent years, although increasing incidence has been controlled, deaths caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been accentuated due to the emerging of multi-drug resistant strains and the comorbidity with diabetes mellitus and HIV. This situation is threatening the goals of World Health Organization (WHO) to eradicate tuberculosis in 2035. WHO has called for the creation of new drugs as an alternative for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, among the plausible molecules that can be used are the Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). These peptides have demonstrated remarkable efficacy to kill mycobacteria in vitro and in vivo in experimental models, nevertheless, these peptides not only have antimicrobial activity but also have a wide variety of functions such as angiogenesis, wound healing, immunomodulation and other well-described roles into the human physiology. Therapeutic strategies for tuberculosis using AMPs must be well thought prior to their clinical use; evaluating comorbidities, family history and risk factors to other diseases, since the wide function of AMPs, they could lead to collateral undesirable effects.

An Overview of Stroke: Mechanism, In vivo Experimental Models Thereof, and Neuroprotective Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 860-877
Author(s):  
Mohd Muazzam Khan ◽  
Badruddeen ◽  
Mohd Mujahid ◽  
Juber Akhtar ◽  
Mohammad Irfan Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Neuroprotective Agents ◽  
Decisive Action ◽  
Stroke Mechanism ◽  
Injury Outcomes

Background: Stroke is one of the causes of death and disability globally. Brain attack is because of the acute presentation of stroke, which highlights the requirement for decisive action to treat it. Objective: The mechanism and in-vivo experimental models of stroke with various neuroprotective agents are highlighted in this review. Method: The damaging mechanisms may proceed by rapid, nonspecific cell lysis (necrosis) or by the active form of cell death (apoptosis or necroptosis), depending upon the duration and severity and of the ischemic insult. Results: Identification of injury mediators and pathways in a variety of experimental animal models of global cerebral ischemia has directed to explore the target-specific cytoprotective strategies, which are critical to clinical brain injury outcomes. Conclusion: The injury mechanism, available encouraging medicaments thereof, and outcomes of natural and modern medicines for ischemia have been summarized. In spite of available therapeutic agents (thrombolytics, calcium channel blockers, NMDA receptor antagonists and antioxidants), there is a need for an ideal drug for strokes.

Epithelial Organotypic Cultures: A Viable Model to Address Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis by Epitheliotropic Viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Termini ◽  
Enrique Boccardo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Skin Physiology

In vitro culture of primary or established cell lines is one of the leading techniques in many areas of basic biological research. The use of pure or highly enriched cultures of specific cell types obtained from different tissues and genetics backgrounds has greatly contributed to our current understanding of normal and pathological cellular processes. Cells in culture are easily propagated generating an almost endless source of material for experimentation. Besides, they can be manipulated to achieve gene silencing, gene overexpression and genome editing turning possible the dissection of specific gene functions and signaling pathways. However, monolayer and suspension cultures of cells do not reproduce the cell type diversity, cell-cell contacts, cell-matrix interactions and differentiation pathways typical of the three-dimensional environment of tissues and organs from where they were originated. Therefore, different experimental animal models have been developed and applied to address these and other complex issues in vivo. However, these systems are costly and time consuming. Most importantly the use of animals in scientific research poses moral and ethical concerns facing a steadily increasing opposition from different sectors of the society. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative in vitro experimental models that accurately reproduce the events observed in vivo to reduce the use of animals. Organotypic cultures combine the flexibility of traditional culture systems with the possibility of culturing different cell types in a 3D environment that reproduces both the structure and the physiology of the parental organ. Here we present a summarized description of the use of epithelial organotypic for the study of skin physiology, human papillomavirus biology and associated tumorigenesis.

In vivo Experimental Models for hepatotoxin Induced Fibrosis – A Toxicological View

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devaraj Ezhilarasan ◽  
Thangavelu Lakshmi ◽  
Sivanesan Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Models
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