scholarly journals The Effect of Functional Fiber on Microbiota Composition in Different Intestinal Segments of Obese Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6525
Author(s):  
Chuanhui Xu ◽  
Jianhua Liu ◽  
Jianwei Gao ◽  
Xiaoyu Wu ◽  
Chenbin Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Functional Fiber ◽  
Regional Similarity

The gastrointestinal tract is a heterogeneous ecosystem with distinct, stratified environments, which leads to different microbial composition in different intestinal segments. The regional heterogeneity of intestinal microbiota complicates the relationship between diet and microbiota. Few studies have focused on the effects of different diets on microbiota in different intestinal segments. This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional fiber on the microbial composition in multiple intestinal segments from a high-fat diet compared with a normal chow diet. We found that the response of microbiota from different intestinal segments to diet was related to the intestinal physiologic function and the physicochemical properties of dietary nutrients. A high-fat diet drove changes in the microbial composition in the hindgut, possibly by affecting the digestive environment of the foregut, and increased the regional heterogeneity of the whole intestinal microbiota. The supplementation of functional fiber promoted the microbial transfer and colonization from the anterior to the posterior intestinal segments, and increased the regional similarity of intestinal microbiota accordingly, particularly within the hindgut. The gut fermentation of the functional fiber, which mainly occurred in the hindgut, resulted in a significant change in the microbial composition and metabolism in the cecum and colon, with richer carbohydrate metabolism-related bacteria, including Mucispirillum, Prevotella, Anaerostipes, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus (Lachnospiraceae), and Allobaculum, and higher production of acetate and butyrate. We concluded that multiple regulatory mechanisms of diets which affect microbiota composition exist, including microbial metabolism, microbial migration, and the regulation of the intestinal environment.

scholarly journals Effect of A Polyphenol-Rich Canarium album Extract on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-Ning Zhang ◽  
Wen-Hui Guo ◽  
Han Hu ◽  
A-Rong Zhou ◽  
Qing-Pei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Canarium Album ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Medium Dose

This study investigated the influence of Canarium album extract (CAext) on intestinal microbiota composition of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Kun Ming (KM) mice were fed either a normal chow diet or a HFD for six weeks. At the seventh week, HFD-fed mice were gavaged daily with saline, or a different dose of CAext for four weeks, respectively. Then, the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. Analysis of fecal microbial populations, grouped by phyla, showed significant increases of Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia, but a decrease of Bacteroidetes in all CAext-fed mice. Particularly, CAext gavage in a low dose or a medium dose caused a significant increase in the proportion of Akkermansia. These findings suggested that CAext can alter the gut microbiota composition of HFD-fed mice, and had a potential prebiotic effects on Akkermansia.

scholarly journals High-Fat Diet Alters the Intestinal Microbiota in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Panpan Qin ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diabetes Status

Intestinal microbiota is closely associated with various metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), and microbiota is definitely affected by diet. However, more work is required to gain detailed information about gut metagenome and their associated impact with diet in T2D patients. We used a streptozotocin-high-fat diet (HFD) to induce a T2D mouse model and investigated the effect of standard chow diet and HFD on the composition and function of gut microbiota. We found that a HFD could worsen the diabetes status compared with a standard diet. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that a HFD caused a large disturbance to the microbial structure and was linked to an increased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. A HFD increased the bacteria of the Ruminococcaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae family and decreased the bacteria of S24-7 and Rikenellaceae. Meanwhile, a HFD decreased the abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis and Eubacterium dolichum, both of which have previously been reported to alleviate obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Moreover, PICRUSt-predicted KEGG pathways related to membrane transport, lipid metabolism, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were significantly elevated in HFD-fed T2D mice. Our results provide insights into dietary and nutritional approaches for improving host metabolism and ameliorating T2D.

scholarly journals Citrobacter Species Increase Energy Harvest by Modulating Intestinal Microbiota in Fish: Nondominant Species Play Important Functions

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Ling Zhang ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
Yi Sheng ◽  
Fang Tan ◽  
Liqiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Microbial Composition

ABSTRACT An efficient energy harvesting mechanism is likely critical for animals in their natural environment. Intestinal microbiota enriched by a high-fat diet aid in lipid accumulation, a strategy likely evolved for energy harvest in mammals. However, whether this strategy is conserved among vertebrate organisms remains unclear. A bacterial strain (S1), enriched on soybean oil rich medium, was isolated from the gut of Nile tilapia and demonstrated to be a member of the Citrobacter genus. Although a high-fat diet increased the number of Citrobacter spp., these bacteria were not abundant in the intestine by high-throughput sequencing. Addition of bacterium S1 to a high-fat diet modulated intestinal microbial composition and increased high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation in mesenteric adipose tissue, accompanied by (i) increased triglyceride absorption efficiency and triglyceride reesterification and (ii) increased intestinal permeability. Collectively, our results provide evidence that specific intestinal bacteria aid the host in harvesting more energy from a high-fat diet in fish. Furthermore, the results from the present study also suggest that nondominant bacteria in the gut may play an important role in regulating host metabolism. IMPORTANCE This study shows that the ability of gut microbiota members to enhance host energy harvest from a high-fat diet is a conserved feature of host-microbe interactions in fish, as in mammals. It also underscores that gut microbiota members are able to significantly impact host biology even when at low abundance.

scholarly journals Intestinal Microbiota Mediates High-Fructose and High-Fat Diets to Induce Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Tan ◽  
Huiwei Dong ◽  
Zhengshan Chen ◽  
Min Jin ◽  
Jing Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

An unhealthy diet has been linked to increased incidence of chronic diseases. To investigate the relationship between diet and intestinal inflammation, mice in two experimental groups were fed on a high-fat diet or high-fructose diet, respectively. The result showed that the defecation volume of the experimental groups was significantly reduced compared with that of the control group, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) and IgG in serum were increased significantly. In addition, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in intestinal tissue, indicating that a high-fructose or high-fat diet can lead to constipation and inflammation. Further analysis showed that the microbial composition of the experimental groups changed significantly, including a decrease of the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and increased levels of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus, which might be associated with inflammation. The results of pro-inflammatory metabolites analysis showed that the levels of arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and indoxylsulfuric acid were significantly increased in the experimental groups, which were related significantly to Bacteroides, Enterococcus, and Akkermansia. Meanwhile, the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was significantly decreased, which might cause constipation by reducing intestinal peristalsis. Moreover, transplantation of fecal bacteria from inflammatory mice caused constipation and inflammation in normal mice, which could be relieved by feeding a normal diet. The results of the present study indicated that changes in intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites may underlie chronic intestinal inflammation and constipation caused by high-fructose and high-fat diets.

Uridine attenuates obesity, ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation and modifies the gut microbiota composition in mice fed with a high-fat diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Liu ◽  
Chunyan Xie ◽  
Zhenya Zhai ◽  
Ze-yuan Deng ◽  
Hugo R. De Jonge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

This study aimed to investigate the effect of uridine on obesity, fat accumulation in liver, and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed mice.

Irisin induces white adipose tissue browning in mice as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110060
Author(s):  
Yue Chen ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Yufei Zhao ◽  
Shenghong Ju ◽  
Hui Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Fat ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
Fat Fraction

This study aimed to track and evaluate the effect of low-dose irisin on the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in mice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noninvasively in vivo. Mature white adipocytes extracted from mice were cultured, induced and characterized before being treated by irisin. The volume and fat fraction of WAT were quantified using MRI in normal chow diet and high fat mice after injection of irisin. The browning of cultured white adipocytes and WAT in mice were validated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and deiodinase type II (DIO2). The serum indexes were examined with high fat diet after irisin intervention. UCP1 and DIO2 in adipocytes showed increases responding to the irisin treatment. The size of white adipocytes in mice receiving irisin intervention was reduced. MRI measured volumes and fat fraction of WAT were significantly lower after Irisin treatment. Blood glucose and cholesterol levels were reduced in high fat diet mice after irisin treatment. Irisin intervention exerted browning of WAT, resulting reduction of volume and fat fraction of WAT as measured by MRI. Furthermore, it improved the condition of mice with diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Partial Deficiency of Zfp217 Resists High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Increasing Energy Metabolism in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5390
Author(s):  
Qianhui Zeng ◽  
Nannan Wang ◽  
Yaru Zhang ◽  
Yuxuan Yang ◽  
Shuangshuang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glycolipid Metabolism ◽  
Partial Deficiency

Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and disorders of glycolipid metabolism have become a worldwide research priority. Zfp217 plays a crucial role in adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, but about its functions in animal models are not yet clear. To explore the role of Zfp217 in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, global Zfp217 heterozygous knockout (Zfp217+/−) mice were constructed. Zfp217+/− mice and Zfp217+/+ mice fed a normal chow diet (NC) did not differ significantly in weight gain, percent body fat mass, glucose tolerance, or insulin sensitivity. When challenged with HFD, Zfp217+/− mice had less weight gain than Zfp217+/+ mice. Histological observations revealed that Zfp217+/− mice fed a high-fat diet had much smaller white adipocytes in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Zfp217+/− mice had improved metabolic profiles, including improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and increased energy expenditure compared to the Zfp217+/+ mice under HFD. We found that adipogenesis-related genes were increased and metabolic thermogenesis-related genes were decreased in the iWAT of HFD-fed Zfp217+/+ mice compared to Zfp217+/− mice. In addition, adipogenesis was markedly reduced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Zfp217-deleted mice. Together, these data indicate that Zfp217 is a regulator of energy metabolism and it is likely to provide novel insight into treatment for obesity.

scholarly journals A Newly Developed Synbiotic Yogurt Prevents Diabetes by Improving the Microbiome–Intestine–Pancreas Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Brandi Miller ◽  
Rabina Mainali ◽  
Ravinder Nagpal ◽  
Hariom Yadav
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diabetes In Mice ◽  
Diabetes Progression ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing worldwide, and there are no long-term preventive strategies to stop this growth. Emerging research shows that perturbations in the gut microbiome significantly contribute to the development of T2D, while microbiome modulators may be beneficial for T2D prevention. However, microbiome modulators that are effective, safe, affordable, and able to be administered daily are not yet available. Based on our previous pro- and prebiotic studies, we developed a novel synbiotic yogurt comprised of human-origin probiotics and plant-based prebiotics and investigated its impact on diet- and streptozotocin-induced T2D in mice. We compared the effects of our synbiotic yogurt to those of a commercially available yogurt (control yogurt). Interestingly, we found that the feeding of the synbiotic yogurt significantly reduced the development of hyperglycemia (diabetes) in response to high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin compared to milk-fed controls. Surprisingly, the control yogurt exacerbated diabetes progression. Synbiotic yogurt beneficially modulated the gut microbiota composition compared to milk, while the control yogurt negatively modulated it by significantly increasing the abundance of detrimental bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, the synbiotic yogurt protected pancreatic islet morphology compared to the milk control, while the control yogurt demonstrated worse effects on islets. These results suggest that our newly developed synbiotic yogurt protects against diabetes in mice and can be used as a therapeutic to prevent diabetes progression.

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