Biodirected Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Honey Solutions and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity against Pathogenic Candida Spp.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous honey solutions with a concentration of 2%, 10%, and 20%—AgNPs-H2, AgNPs-H10, and AgNPs-H20. The reaction was conducted at 35 °C and 70 °C. Additionally, nanoparticles obtained with the citrate method (AgNPs-C), while amphotericin B (AmB) and fluconazole were used as controls. The presence and physicochemical properties of AgNPs was affirmed by analyzing the sample with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The 20% honey solution caused an inhibition of the synthesis of nanoparticles at 35 °C. The antifungal activity of the AgNPs was evaluated using opportunistic human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The antifungal effect was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion assay. The highest activity in the MIC tests was observed in the AgNPs-H2 variant. AgNPs-H10 and AgNPs-H20 showed no activity or even stimulated fungal growth. The results of the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test for C. parapsilosis strains indicated stronger antifungal activity of AgNPs-H than fluconazole. The study demonstrated that the antifungal activity of AgNPs is closely related to the concentration of honey used for the synthesis thereof.

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Antifungal activity of components used for decontamination of dental prostheses on the growth of Candida albicans

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/rou.2014.018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cíntia Lima Gouveia ◽

Isabelle Cristine Melo Freire ◽

Maria Luísa de Alencar e Silva Leite ◽

Rebeca Dantas Alves Figueiredo ◽

Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Dental Prostheses ◽

Diffusion Technique ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

And Control

Introduction: The effectiveness of antimicrobial solutions employed in dental prosthesis decontamination is still uncertain. Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of cleaners used in the decontamination of dental prostheses on the growth of Candida albicans. Material and method: The evaluated products were: Corega Tabs(r) (S1), Sodium Hypochlorite 1% (S2), Sodium Bicarbonate 1% (S3), Hydrogen Peroxide 1% (S4), Chlorhexidine Digluconate 0.12% - Periogard (r) (S5), Mouthrinse based on essential oils - Listerine(r) (S6), essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) at concentrations of 1% (S7) and 2% (S8). The antifungal activity of the products was evaluated by agar diffusion technique and the determination of microbial death curve of samples of C. albicans (ATCC 90028) in concentration 1.5 × 106 CFU/mL. The tests were performed in triplicate and statistical analysis was made by ANOVA Two-Way and Tukey tests, with the confidence level of 95%. Result: The average of the zones of inhibition growth, in millimeters, obtained for the products were: 0.0 (S1), 44.7 (S2), 0.0 (S3), 21.6 (S4), 10.0 (S5), 6.1 (S6), 0.0 (S7) and 2.4 (S8). Considering the determination of microbial death curve, all products showed a statistical difference (p<0.01) from control (0.85% sodium chloride) and S3 groups. Fungal growth less than 2×104 CFU/mL and an accentuation of the microbial death curve were observed after 30 minutes, with exception for S3 and control groups. Conclusion: The studied compounds, with the exception of Sodium Bicarbonate, have antifungal effect against C. albicans, which contribute for dental prostheses hygiene.

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Effect of Distreptaza Distrept on the specific activity of fluconazole against Candida biofilms

Reproductive Endocrinology ◽

10.18370/2309-4117.2021.59.105-108 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105-108

Author(s):

N.O. Vrynchanu ◽

N.I. Hrynchuk ◽

V.V. Samsonova

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Film Formation ◽

Gentian Violet ◽

Structural Components ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

The One

The ability of yeast-like fungi to form biofilms (structurally organized microbial communities) leads to chronicity of the inflammatory process and recurrent course of mycoses. Biofilms formed by the fungus Candida spp. are characterized by increased resistance to most antifungals and effectors of the immune system. Promising antibiotics are enzymes. Their specificity to the structural components of the biofilm can be used to prevent biofilm formation and destruction of the formed biofilm. The article presents the results of studying the sensitivity biofilms formed by Candida fungi to the action of the enzyme drug Distreptaza Distrept, as well as its effect on the specific antifungal activity of fluconazole.Research objective: to evaluate the Distreptaza Distrept impact on the antifungal activity of fluconazole on biofilms of Candida spp.Materials and methods. One-day cultures of C. albicans and C. glabrata were used in the experiments. To study the effect on biofilm formation Distreptaza Distrept, fluconazole solutions and microorganisms were applied simultaneously, when exposed to the formed biofilms for 24 h after application of the fungal inoculum. The experiments were carried out in accordance with conventional methods based on the sorption of gentian violet by biofilm structures with subsequent desorption of the dye in an organic solvent.Results. Experiments have shown that Distreptaza Distrept disrupts the film formation of C. glabrata, the inhibition is 85.6%. The enzyme preparation affects the biofilms formed by yeast-like fungi, biomass of C. glabrata decreases by 43.6%. It was found that Distreptaza Distrept enhances the specific antibiotic action of fluconazole at the stage of film formation against C. albicans by 13.1%, C. glabrata by 70.4%. Biomass of the one-day biofilm formed by C. glabrata is reduced by 80.2% if there was an enzyme drug and fluconazole in the incubation medium.Conclusion. Distreptaza Distrept has antibiotic biofilm activity, increases the specific antifungal effect of fluconazole on biofilms of Candida fungi. The data obtained indicate the feasibility of this drug in recurrent infections caused by yeast-like fungi, including diseases caused by azole-resistant strains of Candida spp.

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In vitro Antifungal Activity of Dihydropyrimidinones/Thiones Against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407214666180926115745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 648-655

Author(s):

Gabriel O. de Azambuja ◽

Laura Svetaz ◽

Itamar L. Gonçalves ◽

Patricia F. Corbelini ◽

Gilsane L. von Poser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Drug Design ◽

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Biginelli Reaction ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Chemical Library ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: Since the Monastrol discovery in 1999 as the first inhibitor of Eg5, functionalized dihydropyrimidinones/thiones (DHPMs) have emerged as prototypes for drug design in different targets. The present work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of a chemical library of DHPMs. Methods: The compounds were obtained employing Biginelli reaction. Their antifungal activities were assessed against C. neoformans and C. albicans. Results: The compounds 1-i and 1-k inhibited moderately the fungal growth of C. neoformans, with compound 2-k presenting MIC80 values of 62.5-125 µg·mL-1. Considering activity against C. albicans, the compounds 1-i and 1-n present an MIC50 value of 125-250 µg·mL-1. Conclusion: The changes performed in DHPM scaffold appear to be valuable for generating compounds with potential antifungal effect.

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Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Candida spp.

Biomaterials ◽

10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.065 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (31) ◽

pp. 6333-6340 ◽

Cited By ~ 530

Author(s):

Aleš Panáček ◽

Milan Kolář ◽

Renata Večeřová ◽

Robert Prucek ◽

Jana Soukupová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Candida Spp

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The killer yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus Cf20 exerts a broad anti-Candida activity through the production of killer toxins and volatile compounds

Medical Mycology ◽

10.1093/mmy/myaa011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 1102-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miguel Fernández de Ullivarri ◽

Gabriela A Bulacios ◽

Silvia A Navarro ◽

Lucía Lanza ◽

Lucia M Mendoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Killer Toxin ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Killer Yeast ◽

Wickerhamomyces Anomalus ◽

Fungistatic Activity ◽

Killer Toxins

Abstract Candidiasis is a group of opportunistic infections caused by yeast of the genus Candida. The appearance of drug resistance and the adverse effects of current antifungal therapies require the search for new, more efficient therapeutic alternatives. Killer yeasts have aroused as suitable candidates for mining new antifungal compounds. Killer strains secrete antimicrobial proteins named killer toxins, with promissory antifungal activity. Here we found that the killer yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus Cf20 and its cell-free supernatant (CFS) inhibited six pathogenic strains and one collection strain of Candida spp. The inhibition is mainly mediated by secreted killer toxins and, to a lesser extent, by volatile compounds such as acetic acid and ethyl acetate. A new large killer toxin (>180 kDa) was purified, which exerted 70–74% of the total CFS anti-Candida activity, and the previously described glucanase KTCf20 was inhibitory in a lesser extent as well. In addition, we demonstrated that Cf20 possesses the genes encoding for the β-1,3-glucanases WaExg1 and WaExg2, proteins with extensively studied antifungal activity, particularly WaExg2. Finally, the 10-fold concentrated CFS exerted a high candidacidal effect at 37°C, completely inhibiting the fungal growth, although the nonconcentrated CFS (RCF 1) had very limited fungistatic activity at this temperature. In conclusion, W. anomalus Cf20 produces different low and high molecular weight compounds with anti-Candida activity that could be used to design new therapies for candidiasis and as a source for novel antimicrobial compounds as well.

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Electrospun Polymer-Fungicide Nanocomposites for Grapevine Protection

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13213673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 3673

Author(s):

Nasko Nachev ◽

Mariya Spasova ◽

Petya Tsekova ◽

Nevena Manolova ◽

Iliya Rashkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Fibrous Materials ◽

Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽

Chemical Fungicides

Nowadays, diseases in plants are a worldwide problem. Fungi represent the largest number of plant pathogens and are responsible for a range of serious plant diseases. Esca is a grapevine disease caused mainly by fungal pathogens Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (P. chlamydospora) and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (P. aleophilum). The currently proposed methods to fight esca are not curative. In this study, polymer composites based on biodegradable polymer containing chemical fungicides with antifungal activity were successfully prepared by electrospinning. The obtained materials were hydrophobic with good mechanical properties. In vitro studies demonstrated that the fungicide release was higher from PLLA/K5N8Q fibrous mats (ca. 72% for 50 h) compared to the released drug amount from PLLA/5-Cl8Q materials (ca. 52% for 50 h), which is due to the better water-solubility of the salt. The antifungal activity of the fibrous materials against P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum was studied as well. The incorporation of the fungicide in the biodegradable fibers resulted in the inhibition of fungal growth. The obtained materials are perspective candidates for the protection of vines from the penetration and growth of fungal pathogens.

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Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles-Clinacanthus nutans (AgNP-CN) against Streptococcus mutans

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 1019-1024

Author(s):

Siti Aisyah Abd Ghafar ◽

Nor Baitie Adura Mohd Fudzi ◽

Wan Nur Farhanah Wan Sulaiman ◽

Lim Vuanghao ◽

Rohazila Mohamad Hanafiah

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Assay ◽

Clinacanthus Nutans ◽

Diffusion Assay

Clinacanthus nutans was found to possess anti-venom, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti- diabetic, anti-rheumatism, antiviral and antioxidant properties. Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles between 1nm to 100nm in size and play significant role in medicinal fields. Silver nanoparticles exhibit unique properties, such as excellent conductivity, chemical stability, catalytic and antimicrobial activity. Streptococcus mutans is usually discovered in human oral cavity and the main aetiological of tooth decay. There is no study on antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles Clinacanthus nutans (AgNP-CN) against Streptococcus mutans reported to date. Therefore, objective of this study is to investigate antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles Clinacanthus nutans against Streptococcus mutans. Streptococcus mutans was subcultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and agar. AgNP-CN with different concentrations was tested against Streptococcus mutans via disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Amoxicillin was used as positive control while DMSO and blank silver nanoparticles were used as negative control. Disc diffusion assay shows AgNP-CN inhibit Streptococcus mutans growth. AgNP-CN shows the greatest inhibition properties (15.3±1.53 mm) in comparison to Clinacanthus nutans leaves extract (6.0±0.01 mm) and blank silver nanoparticles (6.0±0.01 mm). MIC value for AgNP-CN is 2.5±0.01 mg/mL while amoxicillin is 0.007±0.01 mg/mL. Whereas MBC values for AgNP-CN is 2.5 mg/mL. Results are concentration dependent, with higher concentration shows better inhibition property. It can be concluded AgNP-CN possesses bactericidal properties against Streptococcus mutans.

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Bioactive substances produced by Burkholderia sp. with antifungal action in Candida spp

Agronomy Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.33158/asb.2018v4i2p70 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Flávia Lassie ◽

Janaina Emiliano ◽

Ane Simionato ◽

Miguel Navarro ◽

Bárbara Gionco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Hemolytic Activity ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Lipolytic Activity ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Antifungal Substance ◽

Agar Diffusion ◽

Agar Diffusion Test

Yeasts of the genus Candida are commensals, colonizing the gastrointestinal and genital tract. Accounting for 15% of hospital acquired infections, they are considered a pathogen of clinical importance. The emergence of fungal infections and the occurrence of intrinsic and acquired resistance have reflected in the increased search for new antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of extracellular substances produced by Burkholderia sp. strain RV7S3, for yeast control of the genus Candida. The substance responsible for the antifungal activity was identified and characterized biochemically, its activity was evaluated by agar diffusion tests, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), action effect on biofilm formation, and hemolytic activity. The data suggested that the antifungal substance is a hydrolase that exhibits lipolytic activity. The lowest concentration of this enzyme, capable of inhibiting 90% of fungal growth, was 0.38 µg.mL-1. The agar diffusion test showed inhibition halo formation of fungal growth with a diameter of 10 mm or greater, presenting 17.5 ± 0.5 mm. The substance showed low hemolytic activity and reduced biofilm cell viability, demonstrating its potential as an antifungal agent.

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Antifungal effects of 3-(4-Phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2-thioxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one against Aspergillus Species

10.1101/448704 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Desh D. Singh ◽

V. K. Tiwari ◽

Rambir Singh ◽

G L Sharam ◽

Rajesh Dabur

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Protein Profile ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Secretory Proteins ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Assay ◽

Dilution Assay ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Diffusion Assay ◽

Microbroth Dilution

AbstractAspergillus infections have become an important health problem with the increasing number of patients. Available antifungal drugs are lack with their spectrum, toxic or immunosuppressive in nature, so that need to develop new compound with high efficacy. To evaluate antifungal efficacy of synthesized compound and to identify the protein profile of Aspergillus fumigatus treated with antifungal. Clinical isolates of A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger were cultured and efficacy of compound were conducted by Disc Diffusion Assay (DDA), Microbroth Dilution Assay (MDA). Percent of spore germination inhibition assay (PSGI), Time kill analysis and toxicity assay. The culture filtrate containing secretory proteins was collected after 24 h growth and expression of downregulated proteins were identified. We developed a new and useful quinazoline derivatives expected to antifungal activity. The result of anti-Aspergillus evolution revealed that one of the 3-(4-Phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2-thioxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one (DDVKT4Q) exhibited appreciable activity. The potency of compound was found concentration of 3.125 µg/disc by disc diffusion assay (DDA) and 15.625 µg/ml. by Microbroth Dilution Assay (MDA). The compound was nontoxic up to concentration 625 µg/ml and its lysed only 35.9% of human erythrocytes, at the highest dose tested. It’s observed that the treatment of pathogen with DDVKT-4Q targeted the expression of four proteins having molecular weights 18 kDa 37 KDa and 43 KDa proteins was completely inhibited or down regulated by the compound the extra cellular. The novel compound DDVKT-4Q, having antifungal activity Can be exploited further to develop new ideal antimycotic drugs.

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In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized with Beech Bark Extract

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2153

Author(s):

Anca Delia Mare ◽

Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea ◽

Adrian Man ◽

Mihai Mareș ◽

Felicia Toma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Germ Tube ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Tube Production ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Biofilm Production

Biosynthesis is a green method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study aimed to assess the antifungal activity of two silver nanoparticle solutions, synthesized using beech bark extract (BBE) and acetate and nitrate silver salts (AgNP Acetate BBE and AgNP Nitrate BBE), their influence on biofilm production, their potential synergistic effects with fluconazole, on different Candida spp., and their influence on virulence factors of C. albicans (germ tube production, gene expression for ALS3, SAP2, HSP70). Both the AgNP BBEs presented different minimum inhibitory concentrations for all the studied Candida spp., but biofilm production was inhibited only for C. albicans and C. guilliermondii. The growth rates of all the studied Candida spp. were inhibited in the presence of both AgNP BBEs, except for C. auris. Synergistic activity was observed for C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii, for different combinations of fluconazole with both the AgNP BBEs. The germ tube production of C. albicans was slightly inhibited by the AgNP BBEs. Only AgNP Acetate BBE was able to down-regulate the expression of SAP2. Overall, we can conclude that, even if more studies are necessary, AgNPs synthesized with beech bark extract might be an interesting alternative to classic antifungal treatments.

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