scholarly journals Extracellular Inorganic Phosphate-Induced Release of Reactive Oxygen Species: Roles in Physiological Processes and Disease Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7768
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Lacerda-Abreu ◽  
José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Atp Formation ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Species Roles ◽  
The Brain

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for living organisms and is maintained in equilibrium in the range of 0.8–1.4 mM Pi. Pi is a source of organic constituents for DNA, RNA, and phospholipids and is essential for ATP formation mainly through energy metabolism or cellular signalling modulators. In mitochondria isolated from the brain, liver, and heart, Pi has been shown to induce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. Therefore, the purpose of this review article was to gather relevant experimental records of the production of Pi-induced reactive species, mainly ROS, to examine their essential roles in physiological processes, such as the development of bone and cartilage and the development of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, muscle atrophy, and male reproductive system impairment. Interestingly, in the presence of different antioxidants or inhibitors of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Pi transporters, Pi-induced ROS production can be reversed and may be a possible pharmacological target.

Mitochondria-Targeted Ratiometric Fluorescent Imaging of Cysteine

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Nan Wei ◽  
Bo Lin ◽  
Yang Shu ◽  
Jian-Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
Physiological Processes

As an indispensable biothiol, cysteine (Cys) plays a critical part in cellular redox homeostasis, pathological and physiological processes. One of the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human...

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species: Beyond Their Reactive Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Arnaud Tauffenberger ◽  
Pierre J. Magistretti
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCellular homeostasis plays a critical role in how an organism will develop and age. Disruption of this fragile equilibrium is often associated with health degradation and ultimately, death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been closely associated with health decline and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease. ROS were first identified as by-products of the cellular activity, mainly mitochondrial respiration, and their high reactivity is linked to a disruption of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA. More recent research suggests more complex function of ROS, reaching far beyond the cellular dysfunction. ROS are active actors in most of the signaling cascades involved in cell development, proliferation and survival, constituting important second messengers. In the brain, their impact on neurons and astrocytes has been associated with synaptic plasticity and neuron survival. This review provides an overview of ROS function in cell signaling in the context of aging and degeneration in the brain and guarding the fragile balance between health and disease.

scholarly journals Upconversion-based nanosystems for fluorescence sensing of pH and H2O2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunning Sun ◽  
Michael Gradzielski
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Excitation Energy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Fluorescence Sensing ◽  
Living Organisms

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a key reactive oxygen species, plays an important role in living organisms, industrial and environmental fields. Here, a non-contact upconversion nanosystem based on the excitation energy attenuation...

Exploring the Potentials of Antioxidants in Retarding Ageing

2017 ◽  
pp. 166-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minu Kesheri ◽  
Swarna Kanchan ◽  
Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Living Organisms

In retrospect to the rise in the occurrence of ageing related disorders and the everlasting desire to overcome ageing, exploring the causes, mechanisms and therapies to curb ageing becomes relevant. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are commonly generated during normal growth and development. However abiotic and biotic stresses enhance the level of ROS which in turn pose the threat of oxidative stress. Ability to perceive ROS and to speedily commence antioxidant defenses is crucial for the survival as well as longevity of living cells. Therefore living organisms are bestowed with antioxidants to combat the damages caused by oxidative stress. This chapter aims to elucidate an overview of the process of ageing, generation and enhancement of reactive oxygen species, damages incurred by oxidative stress, its amelioration strategies, therapeutic and biotechnological potentials of antioxidants and various sources of bioactive compounds significant in retardation of aging process.

Real-time monitoring of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in the rat brain by developing a ratiometric electrochemical biosensor

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 2150-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyue Liu ◽  
Hui Dong ◽  
Yang Tian
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensor ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
The Brain

As a reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO−) generated by nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2˙−) plays important roles in physiological and pathological processes in the brain.

Imbalance of central nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the regulation of sympathetic activity and neural mechanisms of hypertension

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (4) ◽  
pp. R818-R826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Hirooka ◽  
Takuya Kishi ◽  
Koji Sakai ◽  
Akira Takeshita ◽  
Kenji Sunagawa
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
The Brain

Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in blood pressure regulation via the modulation of the autonomic nervous system, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS). In general, accumulating evidence suggests that NO inhibits, but ROS activates, the sympathetic nervous system. NO and ROS, however, interact with each other. Our consecutive studies and those of others strongly indicate that an imbalance between NO bioavailability and ROS generation in the CNS, including the brain stem, activates the sympathetic nervous system, and this mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of neurogenic aspects of hypertension. In this review, we focus on the role of NO and ROS in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system within the brain stem and subsequent cardiovascular control. Multiple mechanisms are proposed, including modulation of neurotransmitter release, inhibition of receptors, and alterations of intracellular signaling pathways. Together, the evidence indicates that an imbalance of NO and ROS in the CNS plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

Polymorphism, Heteroplasmy, Mitochondrial Fusion and Diabetes

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 313-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Sato ◽  
Hitoshi Endo ◽  
Kazuo Umetsu ◽  
Hideyuki Sone ◽  
Yoshiko Yanagisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Fusion ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Brain

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly susceptible to mutations that result in polymorphisms and diseases including diabetes. We analyzed heteroplasmy, polymorphisms related to diabetes, and complementation by fusogenic proteins. Cytoplast fusion and microinjection allow, defects in mutated mtDNA inside a heteroplasmic cell to be complemented by fusing two mitochondria via human fusogenic proteins. We characterized three hfzos as well as two OPA1s that prevent apoptosis. Two coiled coil domains and GTPase domains in these fusogenic proteins regulate membrane fusion. The hfzo genes were expressed mainly in the brain and in muscle that are postmitotic, but not in the pancreas. Under the in.uence of polymorphisms of mtDNA and nDNA, the vicious circle of reactive oxygen species and mutations in cell can be alleviated by mitochondrial fusion.

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