scholarly journals Targeting Drug Delivery in the Elderly: Are Nanoparticles an Option for Treating Osteoporosis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8932
Author(s):  
Gudrun C. Thurner ◽  
Johannes Haybaeck ◽  
Paul Debbage
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Targeted Nanoparticles ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Tissue Compartments

Nanoparticles bearing specific targeting groups can, in principle, accumulate exclusively at lesion sites bearing target molecules, and release therapeutic agents there. However, practical application of targeted nanoparticles in the living organism presents challenges. In particular, intravasally applied nanoparticles encounter physical and physiological barriers located in blood vessel walls, blocking passage from the blood into tissue compartments. Whereas small molecules can pass out of the blood, nanoparticles are too large and need to utilize physiological carriers enabling passage across endothelial walls. The issues associated with crossing blood-tissue barriers have limited the usefulness of nanoparticles in clinical applications. However, nanoparticles do not encounter blood-tissue barriers if their targets are directly accessible from the blood. This review focuses on osteoporosis, a disabling and common disease for which therapeutic strategies are limited. The target sites for therapeutic agents in osteoporosis are located in bone resorption pits, and these are in immediate contact with the blood. There are specific targetable biomarkers within bone resorption pits. These present nanomedicine with the opportunity to treat a major disease by use of simple nanoparticles loaded with any of several available effective therapeutics that, at present, cannot be used due to their associated side effects.

scholarly journals Fluorogenic Aptasensors with Small Molecules

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Eun-Song Lee ◽  
Jeong Min Lee ◽  
Hea-Jin Kim ◽  
Young-Pil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Molecular Beacon ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Amplification Process ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fluorescence Turn On

Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can be identified through an iterative in vitro selection–amplification process. Among them, fluorogenic aptamers in response to small molecules have been of great interest in biosensing and bioimaging due to their rapid fluorescence turn-on signals with high target specificity and low background noise. In this review, we report recent advances in fluorogenic aptasensors and their applications to in vitro diagnosis and cellular imaging. These aptasensors modulated by small molecules have been implemented in different modalities that include duplex or molecular beacon-type aptasensors, aptazymes, and fluorogen-activating aptamer reporters. We highlight the working principles, target molecules, modifications, and performance characteristics of fluorogenic aptasensors, and discuss their potential roles in the field of biosensor and bioimaging with future directions and challenges.

HYPERTENSION IN ELDERLY:OUR CURRENT TRENDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Rohit Arora ◽  
D.K Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Optimal Target

Hypertension is a common disease in the elderly associated with signicant morbidity and mortality. Due to the complexity of this population, the optimal target of blood pressure (BP) control is still controversial. In this article, we conduct a literature review of trials published in English in the last 10 years which were specically designed to study the efcacy and safety of various BP targets in patients who are 70 years or older. Using these criteria, we found that the benets in the positive studies were demonstrated even with a minimal BPcontrol (systolic BP[SBP] <150 mmHg) and continued to be reported for a SBP<120 mmHg. On the other hand, keeping SBP<140 mmHg seemed to be safely achieved in elderly patients. Although the safety of lowering SBP to <120 mmHg is debated, Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial study has shown no increased risk of falls, fractures, or kidney failure in elderly patients with SBP lower than this threshold. While the recent guidelines recommended to keep BP <130/80 mmHg in the elderly, more individualized approach should be considered to achieve this goal in order to avoid undesirable complications. Furthermore, further studies are required to evaluate BPtarget in very old patients or those with multiple comorbidities.

scholarly journals A journey in bioinspired supramolecular chemistry: from molecular tweezers to small molecules that target myotonic dystrophy

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Supramolecular Chemistry ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Molecular Tweezers

This review summarizes part of the author’s research in the area of supramolecular chemistry, beginning with his early life influences and early career efforts in molecular recognition, especially molecular tweezers. Although designed to complex DNA, these hosts proved more applicable to the field of host–guest chemistry. This early experience and interest in intercalation ultimately led to the current efforts to develop small molecule therapeutic agents for myotonic dystrophy using a rational design approach that heavily relies on principles of supramolecular chemistry. How this work was influenced by that of others in the field and the evolution of each area of research is highlighted with selected examples.

Success ful Kyphoplasty in the Presence of Severe Retropulsion of Lumbar Spine without Neurological Deficits

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Ruben H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Fracture Formation ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Vertebral compression fractures are common causes of back pain in the aging patient population. Osteoporosis is an extremely common disease process within the elderly population, especially females, placing these patients at an increased risk of compression fracture formation. Besides pain, the fracture pattern can increase the risk of neurological compromise as well. Retropulsed fragments of the vertebral body cause impingement on the spinal canal and can be catastrophic. Case Report: We present the case of a 72-year-old man with 5 mm retropulsion of the lumbar spine at the L1 level without signs of neurological compromise. This extensive amount of retropulsion causing no signs of weakness is rare. He was subsequently successfully treated with kyphoplasty after failed conservative therapies. Conclusions: A case by case basis must be utilized when considering kyphoplasty for patients with retropulsion of the spine. If a patient’s pain persists after conservative therapy, then kyphoplasty can be utilized with full knowledge of the risks involved. Key words: Retropulsion, kyphoplasty, lumbago, spinal stenosis

In silico designing of some Benzimidazole derivatives for Anti-fungal activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 4983-4986
Author(s):  
Amrita Muralikrishnan ◽  
Radhika R Nair ◽  
Jifitha Banu ◽  
Leena K Pappachen
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Bioinformatics Tool ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Discovery Studio ◽  
Drug Designing ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Anti Fungal

Fungus is a kind of living organism and yeast mould and mushrooms are types of fungi. The fungal infections are caused by the fungus. A fungus that invades the tissue can cause a disease that confined to the skin, spread into tissue, bone and organs or affect the whole body. Benzimidazole is a class of heterocyclic aromatic organic compound which posses pharmacological activities including antifungal, antitumor, antiparasitic, analgesic etc. Insilico methods can be used to identify target molecules using bioinformatics tool. The aim of our study was to conduct the insilico drug designing of some benzimidazole derivatives having antifungal activities. In our study the insilico drug design was performed using Biovia discovery studio.

Neomycin: Its Nature and Practical Application

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188-1188
Author(s):  
JOHN M. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antiseptic Agent

This book on neomycin is an excellent compilation f information on an antibiotic that has gained a permanent place among the useful therapeutic agents of today. Edited by Dr. Waksman and his associates, comprising a total of 35 contributors, no aspect of the story of neomycin is untouched from its brief history of less than ten years since its discovery in 1949 to its everyday use in clinical medicine at the present time. Neomycin has found a permanent place in the therapy of man and animals, and because it is not readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract it has become an ideal intestinal antiseptic agent as well as being highly useful in the treatment of many infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Application of Traditional Medical Ideas to Geriatric Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Seki ◽  
Shin Takayama ◽  
Masashi Watanabe ◽  
Noriko Tsuruoka ◽  
Tadao Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Lists ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Gait Disorder ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner

Background. Japan is a superaging society, with the percentage of persons aged >65 years increasing year after year. Traditional medicine (TM) for elderly has been practiced worldwide for thousands of years. Treatment methods for aspiration pneumonia, gait disorder, glaucoma, and bowel symptoms have been developed. The ideas of acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicine have been implemented in modern medical settings, and medical devices using heat transfer engineering and nanotechnology have been developed. An ultrasound scanner can be used for the evaluation of effects and indications for these therapeutic measures. Objectives. To review published literature and our studies that evaluated medical treatments for the elderly on the basis of ideas of TM. Search Methods. We searched Pubmed, Scopus, and reference lists of relevant clinical trials. Authors’ Conclusions. Many studies were found. But there are insufficient data on the effects of traditional medical therapies and further research is needed. TM therapies vary widely and studies of these therapies that ascertain practical application are essential for the utilization of ideas of TM in modern medicine. Moreover, to verify practical application, a quantitative evaluation index is necessary. Nonetheless, modalities using ideas of TM may be promising treatments for some diseases in the elderly.

Poor risk assessment in the elderly receiving cloretazine induction for AML or MDS

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18562-18562
Author(s):  
R. Geller ◽  
D. Rizzieri ◽  
N. Vey ◽  
S. O’Brien ◽  
B. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Poor Risk ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Weighted Values

18562 Background: Elderly patients (pts) ≥60 years with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) have lower response rates, and higher morbidity and mortality than younger pts when treated with cytotoxic induction therapy. Common disease-related factors that predict poor response in the elderly are adverse cytogenetics and secondary leukemia (following antecedent hematologic disorder or exposure to chemotherapy). Pt-related factors such as ECOG performance status (PS) and organ dysfunction affect treatment decisions due to poor tolerability and early death. Cloretazine, a novel alkylating agent has significant activity in AML and MDS with a favorable safety profile. A Phase II study of monotherapy induction was conducted in elderly pts with AML or high risk MDS (N = 105, median age 72, range 60–88), with a 31% complete response rate and minimal non-hematologic toxicity. To describe the pts in this study considered “unfit” for 7+3 induction, disease-related and pt-related information was obtained. The Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (Sorrer et al, 2005) (HCT-CI) is a modification of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (Charlson et al.1987), for pts considered for stem cell transplant. Seventeen medical conditions are included with weighted values predicting non-relapse mortality (NRM). Methods: Baseline demographic and pt-related data was obtained from case report forms. In addition to disease-related prognostic indicators, pt-related data was scored by the HCT-CI. Pts were grouped in risk categories for NRM by HCT-CI scores (low = 0, intermediate = 1 or 2; high ≥3). Results: Either or both disease-related poor risk factors were present in 68 pts (65%): 42 pts (40%) had unfavorable cytogenetics and 45 pts (43%) had secondary AML. No pt had favorable cytogenetics. Ninety-four (89%) pts had at least one HCT-CI comorbidity. The most common were cardiac (46%), psychiatric (28%); hepatic (25%) and controlled infection (24%). By HCT-CI, the risk for NRM was low in 10%, intermediate in 32%, and high in 57% of pts. Conclusions: The majority of these elderly pts were poor-risk by disease-related criteria or comorbidities measured by the HCT-CI. This index warrants further testing for determining NRM risk of induction regimens for elderly pts with AML. [Table: see text]

Implementation of a Titrated Oxygen Protocol in the Out-of-Hospital Setting

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichole Bosson ◽  
Marianne Gausche-Hill ◽  
William Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
British Thoracic Society ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Postresuscitation Care ◽  
High Flow Oxygen

AbstractOxygen is one of the most frequently-used therapeutic agents in medicine and the most commonly administered drug by prehospital personnel. There is increasing evidence of harm with too much supplemental oxygen in certain conditions, including stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neonatal resuscitations, and in postresuscitation care. Recent guidelines published by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) advocate titrated oxygen therapy, but these guidelines have not been widely adapted in the out-of-hospital setting where high-flow oxygen is the standard. This report is a description of the implementation of a titrated oxygen protocol in a large urban-suburban Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system and a discussion of the practical application of this out-of-hospital protocol.BossonN,Gausche-HillM,KoenigW.Implementation of a titrated oxygen protocol in the out-of-hospital setting.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;28(4):1-6.

scholarly journals Mediators of Inflammation-Induced Bone Damage in Arthritis and Their Control by Herbal Products

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddaraju M. Nanjundaiah ◽  
Brian Astry ◽  
Kamal D. Moudgil
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Severe Adverse Reactions ◽  
And Cartilage

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial joints leading to bone and cartilage damage. Untreated inflammatory arthritis can result in severe deformities and disability. The use of anti-inflammatory agents and biologics has been the mainstay of treatment of RA. However, the prolonged use of such agents may lead to severe adverse reactions. In addition, many of these drugs are quite expensive. These limitations have necessitated the search for newer therapeutic agents for RA. Natural plant products offer a promising resource for potential antiarthritic agents. We describe here the cellular and soluble mediators of inflammation-induced bone damage (osteoimmunology) in arthritis. We also elaborate upon various herbal products that possess antiarthritic activity, particularly mentioning the specific target molecules. As the use of natural product supplements by RA patients is increasing, this paper presents timely and useful information about the mechanism of action of promising herbal products that can inhibit the progression of inflammation and bone damage in the course of arthritis.

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