scholarly journals Culturomics Approaches Expand the Diagnostic Accuracy for Sexually Transmitted Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10815
Author(s):  
Ellinor Anna Wolf ◽  
Hannah Clara Rettig ◽  
Mariia Lupatsii ◽  
Britta Schlüter ◽  
Kathrin Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Impact

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major health concern with clinical manifestations being acknowledged to cause severe reproductive impairment. Research in infectious diseases has been centered around the known major pathogens for decades. However, we have just begun to understand that the microbiota of the female genital tract is of particular importance for disease initiation, infection progression, and pathological outcome. Thus, we are now aware that many poorly described, partially not yet known, or cultured bacteria may pave the way for an infection and/or contribute to disease severity. While sequencing-based methods are an important step in diagnosing STIs, culture-based methods are still the gold-standard method in diagnostic routine, providing the opportunity to distinguish phenotypic traits of bacteria. However, current diagnostic culture routines suffer from several limitations reducing the content of information about vaginal microbiota. A detailed characterization of microbiota-associated factors is needed to assess the impact of single-bacterial isolates from the vaginal community on vaginal health and the containment of STIs. Here we provide current concepts to enable modern culture routines and create new ideas to improve diagnostic approaches with a conjunct usage of bioinformatics. We aim to enable scientists and physicians alike to overcome long-accepted limitations in culturing bacteria of interest to the human health. Eventually, this may improve the quality of culture-based diagnostics, facilitate a research interface, and lead to a broader understanding of the role of vaginal microbiota in reproductive health and STIs.

scholarly journals A risk-based model for predicting the impact of using condoms on the spread of sexually transmitted infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Azizi ◽  
Karen Ríos-Soto ◽  
Anuj Mubayi ◽  
James M. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infections among HIV positive patients: a five year retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
N. Saravanan ◽  
Murugan Swamiappan ◽  
Rajkumar Kannan ◽  
G. Arul Raja
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clinical Records

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the most well established risk factors for the spread of HIV infection. STIs act as cofactors and facilitators for HIV transmission. The effects of HIV infection on immunity can increase susceptibility to other STIs. The aims and objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of co-infection of sexually transmitted infections among people living with HIV and AIDS.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective chart review of the data collected from the clinical records of all HIV patients who had attended the STI clinic of Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu during the five years period, from January 2013 to December 2017, was carried out. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, co-infection of STIs among HIV patients, laboratory investigations and treatment were collected. The data collected were computed and analyzed statistically.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> During the study period of 5 years from 2013 to 2017 the total number of patients attended the STI clinic were 10825, among that males were 4534 (41.88%) and females were 6291 (58.12%). STIs/RTIs were seen in 2560 (23.65%) cases among the total number of patients attended. HIV was found to be positive in 294 cases, in that 168 (57.15%) were males and 126 (42.85%) were females. In male HIV patients, 51 (30.36%) had co-infection with other STIs/RTIs. In female HIV patients, 57 (45.24) % had co-infection with other STIs/RTIs. Viral STIs was the common co-infection seen in males and vaginal cervical discharge was common in females.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> STI/RTI co-infection, both symptomatic and asymptomatic are common among PLHIV. Hence they should be regularly counselled regarding the significance of periodic screening for STI/RTIs avoidance of high risk sexual behaviour.</p>

scholarly journals Male Urethritis Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Ângela Roda ◽  
João Borges-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In women, Trichomonas vaginalis infection may present with vaginitis, cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease, while in men it is mainly asymptomatic or causes mild and transient symptoms of urethritis, epididymitis, or prostatitis. In the past, little importance had been given to the impact of T. vaginalis infection on men’s health, since it was believed to be a self-limited condition without sequelae. However, there is growing evidence it is associated with more serious disorders in both men and women and efforts to diagnose and treat this parasitic infection have increased. Recent advances in testing for sexually transmitted diseases using multiplex molecular assays have increased diagnostic opportunities for T. vaginalis infection, especially in men, as detection of the parasite by traditional methods is much more challenging. We describe an unusual case of male urethritis caused by T. vaginalis observed in our consultation of Sexually Transmitted Infections.

scholarly journals Impact of sensitization programme on reproductive health awareness among adolescent girls residing in a shelter home (Snehalay) Ahmednagar

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Saili U. Jadhav ◽  
Shubhada S. Avachat
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Impact

Background: Adolescents comprise one-fifth of India's total population. Knowledge on reproductive health at adolescent age is essential to build their foundation of healthy reproductive practices in the future and to lower the risk of sexually transmitted diseases.Methods: An interventional study was done on 51 adolescent girls at a shelter home (Snehalaya). Informed consent was obtained from the concerned authorities. Data was collected by interview technique with the help of a structured questionnaire prepared by literature search. Response of adolescents was recorded through their answers to the questionnaires. Intervention was done in the form of sensitization lecture with the help of audio visuals and educational posters. The same questionnaire was again interviewed and the impact of intervention was assessed. Statistical analysis of data was done using percentage, proportion and appropriate tests of significance.Results: In our study we found the average age of menarche of the girls to be 12-14 years, but as several of the girls came from unhealthy backgrounds, they had several menstrual problems like dysmenorrhea, irregular menses. Three of the girls had not experienced menses after 14 years of age. After the sensitization lecture, 56% of the girls were able to write the names of the reproductive organs in the female genital tract. 85% of the girls were able to name the hazards of teenage pregnancy. All adolescents need access to quality youth-friendly services provided by clinicians trained to work with this population. Sex education programs should offer accurate, comprehensive information while building skills for negotiating sexual behaviors.Conclusions: Hence from our project we identified the unmet need of awareness regarding reproductive health amongst adolescent girls and we tried to meet those needs by providing sensitization.

scholarly journals Impact of chemokine C–C ligand 27, foreskin anatomy and sexually transmitted infections on HIV-1 target cell availability in adolescent South African males

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Clive M. Gray ◽  
Kyle L. O’Hagan ◽  
Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo ◽  
Abraham J. Olivier ◽  
Sylvie Amu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Medical Male Circumcision ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
T Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract We compared outer and inner foreskin tissue from adolescent males undergoing medical male circumcision to better understand signals that increase HIV target cell availability in the foreskin. We measured chemokine gene expression and the impact of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on the density and location of T and Langerhans cells. Chemokine C–C ligand 27 (CCL27) was expressed 6.94-fold higher in the inner foreskin when compared with the outer foreskin. We show that the density of CD4+CCR5+ cells/mm2 was higher in the epithelium of the inner foreskin, regardless of STI status, in parallel with higher CCL27 gene expression. In the presence of STIs, there were higher numbers of CD4+CCR5+ cells/mm2 cells in the sub-stratum of the outer and inner foreskin with concurrently higher number of CD207+ Langerhans cells (LC) in both tissues, with the latter cells being closer to the keratin surface of the outer FS in the presence of an STI. When we tested the ability of exogenous CCL27 to induce T-cell migration in foreskin tissue, CD4 + T cells were able to relocate to the inner foreskin epithelium in response. We provide novel insight into the impact CCL27 and STIs on immune and HIV-1 target cell changes in the foreskin.

Women infected with HIV and the impact of associated sexually transmitted infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaia Reda ◽  
Fernanda Aguiar Gonçalves ◽  
Melissa Mello Mazepa ◽  
Newton Sérgio De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Efficacy of Rifaximin Vaginal Tablets in Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: a Molecular Characterization of the Vaginal Microbiota

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 4062-4070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Cruciani ◽  
Patrizia Brigidi ◽  
Fiorella Calanni ◽  
Vittoria Lauro ◽  
Raffaella Tacchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal disorder characterized by an alteration of the vaginal bacterial morphotypes, associated with sexually transmitted infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of different doses of rifaximin vaginal tablets (100 mg/day for 5 days, 25 mg/day for 5 days, and 100 mg/day for 2 days) on the vaginal microbiota of 102 European patients with BV enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. An integrated molecular approach based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to investigate the effects of vaginal tablets containing the antibiotic. An increase in members of the genusLactobacillusand a decrease in the BV-related bacterial groups after the antibiotic treatment were demonstrated by qPCR. PCR-DGGE profiles confirmed the capability of rifaximin to modulate the composition of the vaginal microbial communities and to reduce their complexity. This molecular analysis supported the clinical observation that rifaximin at 25 mg/day for 5 days represents an effective treatment to be used in future pivotal studies for the treatment of BV.

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