scholarly journals Contributing to Understand the Crosstalk between Brain and Periphery in Methylmercury Intoxication: Neurotoxicity and Extracellular Vesicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10855
Author(s):  
Gabriela de Paula Arrifano ◽  
Marcus Augusto-Oliveira ◽  
Megan Sealey-Bright ◽  
Jaezah Zainal ◽  
Luciana Imbiriba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Mehg Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Methylmercury Intoxication

Human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is currently high in regions such as the Amazon. Understanding the molecular changes associated with MeHg-induced neurotoxicity and the crosstalk with the periphery is essential to support early diagnoses. This work aimed to evaluate cellular and molecular changes associated with behavioral alterations in MeHg acute exposure and the possible changes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) number and S100β content. Adults male Wistar rats were orally treated with 5 mg/kg for four days. Behavioral performance, molecular and histological changes in the cerebellum, and plasma EVs were assessed. MeHg-intoxicated animals performed significantly worse in behavioral tests. MeHg increased the number of GFAP+ cells and GFAP and S100β mRNA expression in the cerebellum but no change in NeuN+ or IBA-1+ cells number was detected. The number of exosomes isolated from plasma were decreased by the metal. S100B mRNA was detected in circulating plasma EVs cargo in MeHg exposure. Though preliminary, our results suggest astrocytic reactivity is displaying a protective role once there was no neuronal death. Interestingly, the reduction in exosomes number could be a new mechanism associated with MeHg-induced neurotoxicity and plasma EVs could represent a source of future biomarkers in MeHg intoxication.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antioxidant And Kidney Protective Potential Of Atorvastatin In Rat Cadmium-Induced Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Karami ◽  
Zahra Goodarzi ◽  
Ali Ghanbari ◽  
Ahmad Reza Bandegi ◽  
Sedighe Yosefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Purpose: Environmental and occupational exposure to cadmium chloride is known to cause nephrotoxicity linked with oxidative stress in humans and animals. This study used Atorvastatin to examine its effect on cadmium chloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rat model using biochemical and histological methodologies.Methods: Experiments were performed on 56 adult male Wistar rats (200 ±20 g), randomly assigned to eight groups. Atorvastatin was administered by oral for 15 days at 20 mg/kg/day, started 7 days before cadmium chloride intraperitoneal administration (1, 2, and 3 mg/kg) for eight days. On day 16, blood samples were collected, and kidneys were excised to evaluate the biochemical and histopathological changes.Cadmium chloride significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA), serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. Results: Administration of Atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) significantly improved lipid peroxidation, glutathione and activities of antioxidant enzymes and significantly decreased BUN and Creatinine. Atorvastatin clearly improved the histological changes, demonstrating its protective role against Cadmium chloride-induced kidney injury.Conclusion: Treatment with Atorvastatin significantly improves all biochemical parameters and suggests a protecting role against cadmium chloride-induced oxidative stress and histological changes in rat kidney.

Effect of indomethacin (Non steroidal anti-infilammatory drug) on intestinal permeability and liver functions

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaimaa H Mahmoud ◽  
Asmaa M Elshaer ◽  
Dalia A El-Waseef ◽  
Dina M Erfan ◽  
Enas S Nabih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Abstract Background Many theories tried to connect liver and gut as they have close anatomical, metabolic, and immunologic connections so exposure to large numbers of foreign molecules coming from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal vein like the bacterial components and other products may lead to liver damage by disturbing intestinal barrier and permeability which can be induced by indomethacin, one of non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs). Aim To investigate whether liver injury is linked to disturbance in intestinal permeability or not. Methodology Indomethacin was used to induce dysbiosis in male Wistar rats which were divided into two groups: Naive and Indomethacin groups. The later was received indomethacin (3mg\kg\day) by oral gavage. Liver function tests, micrbiological and histological studies were performed. Results Indomethacin induced elevation in liver enzymes, bacteremia and histological changes as compared to vehicle group. Conclusions Indomethacin induced dysbiosis with disturbance in the intestinal permeability that yield to hepatic injury.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Administration of Lithium and Hydrochlorothiazide in Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Loghin ◽  
Adriana Olinic ◽  
Daniela-Saveta Popa ◽  
Carmen Socaciu ◽  
Sorin E. Leucuta
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Association Group ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Lithium Lactate

The biochemical and histological changes following 60 days administration of daily doses equivalent to 1/20 LD50 of lithium lactate and hydrochlorothiazide, as such and in association, were studied in male Wistar rats. No mortality or overt signs of toxicity were observed during the experiment and the serum activities of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase were not significantly modified compared to controls. The histopathological examination of all the investigated organs: kidney, liver, brain and spleen, revealed significant lesions which were time-dependant and more pronounced in the association group. Although the changes were mostly inflammatory and conqestive, it was proved that the concomitant administration of lithium and hydrochlorothiazid is potentially dangerous, increasing lithium’s nephrotoxicity and the thiazide diuretic's hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Hepato & nephro protective effects of naringenin-loaded tpgs polymeric nanosuspension against cisplatin-induced toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2755-2764
Author(s):  
Sumathi Rajamani ◽  
Gobinath Kalyanasundaram ◽  
Tamizharasi Sengodan ◽  
Sivakumar Thangavelu ◽  
Nikhitha K Shanmukhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Glycol Succinate ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

Cisplatin (Cis-Diammineplatinum (II) dichloride/CIS) is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic agents widely used in treatment of various cancers. Naringenin (NAR), a natural flavonoid, protect against CIS-induced injury in rats without hampering CIS beneficial cytotoxic activity. Even though NAR exhibits therapeutic potency, clinical evolution of the molecule is embarrassed because of very less aqueous solubility which corresponds to low availability at the site of the tumor. In our former analysis, nanosuspension of naringenin (NARNS) was developed by the method of high-pressure homogenization. The study had been continued to evaluate the protective role of D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) coated NARNS, against oxidative stress-induced hepato and nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats upon CIS treatment. Induction of acute hepato and neprotoxicity was done by intraperitoneal injection (i.p) injection of CIS (7 mg/kg of body weight) and administration of NAR and NARNS. Administration of NARNS virtually suppressed CIS-induced and liver injury evidenced by a reduction of lipid peroxidation level, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, creatinine and elevated enzymatic antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in rats liver tissue. Histological studies substantiated the biochemical parameters. The study suggests that NARNS has strong hepato and nephroprotective effect compared to NAR.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Human Preterm Colostrum Inhibit Infection by Human Cytomegalovirus In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Manuela Donalisio ◽  
Simona Cirrincione ◽  
Massimo Rittà ◽  
Cristina Lamberti ◽  
Andrea Civra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Human Colostrum ◽  
Clinical Illness

Breast milk is a complex biofluid that nourishes infants, supports their growth and protects them from diseases. However, at the same time, breastfeeding is a transmission route for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), with preterm infants being at a great risk of congenital disease. The discrepancy between high HCMV transmission rates and the few reported cases of infants with severe clinical illness is likely due to the protective effect of breast milk. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-HCMV activity of human preterm colostrum and clarify the role of colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Preterm colostrum samples were collected and the EVs were purified and characterized. The in vitro anti-HCMV activity of both colostrum and EVs was tested against HCMV, and the viral replication step inhibited by colostrum-purified EVs was examined. We investigated the putative role EV surface proteins play in impairing HCMV infection using shaving experiments and proteomic analysis. The obtained results confirmed the antiviral action of colostrum against HCMV and demonstrated a remarkable antiviral activity of colostrum-derived EVs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EVs impair the attachment of HCMV to cells, with EV surface proteins playing a role in mediating this action. These findings contribute to clarifying the mechanisms that underlie the protective role of human colostrum against HCMV infection.

scholarly journals Quercetin Attenuates Pancreatic and Renal D-Galactose-Induced Aging-Related Oxidative Alterations in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. El-Far ◽  
Mohamed A. Lebda ◽  
Ahmed E. Noreldin ◽  
Mustafa S. Atta ◽  
Yaser H. A. Elewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Bcl2 Protein

Aging is an oxidative stress-associated process that progresses with age. Our aim is to delay or attenuate these oxidative alterations and to keep individuals healthy as they age using natural compounds supplementation. Therefore, we conducted the present study to investigate the protective potentials of quercetin against D-galactose (D-gal)-associated oxidative alterations that were induced experimentally in male Wistar rats. Forty-five rats were randomly allocated into five groups of nine rats each. The groups were a control group that was reared on a basal diet and injected subcutaneously with 120 mg D-gal dissolved in physiological saline solution (0.9% NaCl) per kg body weight daily and quercetin-treated groups that received the same basal diet and subcutaneous daily D-gal injections were supplemented orally with 25, 50, and 100 mg of quercetin per kg body weight for 42 days. Pancreatic and renal samples were subjected to histopathological, immunohistochemical, and relative mRNA expression assessments. Aging (p53, p21, IL-6, and IL-8), apoptotic (Bax, CASP-3, and caspase-3 protein), proliferative (Ki67 protein), antiapoptotic (Bcl2 and Bcl2 protein), inflammatory (NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α), antioxidant (SOD1), and functional markers (GCLC and GCLM genes and insulin, glucagon, and podocin proteins) were determined to evaluate the oxidative alterations induced by D-gal and the protective role of quercetin. D-gal caused oxidative alterations of the pancreas and kidneys observed via upregulations of aging, apoptotic, and inflammatory markers and downregulated the antiapoptotic, proliferative, antioxidant, and functional markers. Quercetin potentially attenuated these aging-related oxidative alterations in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we can conclude that quercetin supplementation is considered as a promising natural protective compound that could be used to delay the aging process and to maintain human health.

The protective role of alpha-lipoic acid on long-term exposure of rats to the combination of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin pesticides

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidiebere Uchendu ◽  
Suleiman F Ambali ◽  
Joseph O Ayo ◽  
King AN Esievo
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The study was aimed at evaluating the protective role of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on long-term exposure of rats to the combination of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and deltamethrin (DLT). Forty-two (42) male Wistar rats were divided into 6 exposure groups with 7 animals in each group: (I) soya oil (2 ml kg−1), (II) ALA (60 mg kg−1), (III) DLT (6.25 mg kg−1), (IV) CPF (4.75 mg kg−1), (V) (CPF + DLT) DLT (6.25 mg kg−1) and CPF (4.75 mg kg−1; 1/20th of the previously determined median lethal dose) and (VI) (ALA + CPF + DLT) pretreated with ALA (60 mg kg−1) and then co-exposed to CPF and DLT, 45 min later. The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 16 weeks. Sera obtained from blood collected at the end of the experimental period were used for the evaluation of serum glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine and the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase. The liver homogenate was used to assay for the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the concentrations of malondialdehyde, cytokine and tumour necrotic factor α. The result showed that the combination of CPF and DLT resulted in marked alterations of these biochemical parameters in most cases compared to either of the pesticides singly, supplementation with ALA ameliorated these alterations.

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