scholarly journals Regulatory B Cells Involvement in Autoimmune Phenomena Occurring in Pediatric Graves’ Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10926
Author(s):  
Kamil Grubczak ◽  
Aleksandra Starosz ◽  
Karolina Stożek ◽  
Filip Bossowski ◽  
Marcin Moniuszko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Regulatory B Cells ◽  
The One ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Autoimmune Phenomena

Graves’s disease is the most common type of autoimmune hyperthyroidism. Numerous studies indicate different factors contributing to the onset of the disease. Despite years of research, the exact pathomechanism of Graves’ disease still remains unresolved, especially in the context of immune response. B cells can play a dual role in autoimmune reactions, on the one hand, as a source of autoantibody mainly targeted in the thyroid hormone receptor (TSHR) and, on the other, by suppressing the activity of proinflammatory cells (as regulatory B cells). To date, data on the contribution of Bregs in Graves’ pathomechanism, especially in children, are scarce. Here, we investigated the frequencies of Bregs before and during a methimazole therapy approach. We reported higher Foxp3+ and IL-10+ Breg levels with CD38- phenotype and reduced numbers of CD38 + Foxp3 + IL-10+ in pediatric Graves’ patients. In addition, selected Breg subsets were found to correlate with TSH and TRAb levels significantly. Noteworthy, certain subpopulations of Bregs were demonstrated as prognostic factors for methimazole therapy outcome. Our data demonstrate the crucial role of Bregs and their potential use as a biomarker in Graves’ disease management.

P0523PROTECTIVE ROLE OF REGULATORY B CELLS ON THE RENAL TISSUE REPAIRMEN AFTER ISCHEMIA REPERCUSSION INJURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yokota Yunosuke ◽  
Goh Kodama ◽  
Sakuya Itou ◽  
Yosuke Nakayama ◽  
Nobukazu Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Regulatory B Cells ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Injury ◽  
Iri Model

Abstract Background and Aims Acute kidney injury (AKI), even if followed by renal recovery, is a risk factor for the future development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end- stage renal disease. It has been postulated that interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing Regulatory B cells (Breg) play an important role for the tissue repairment in several tissues and organs. Basically, protective role of Breg has been reported in inflammatory bowel disease. In the kidney, it has been shown that IL-10 suppresses renal function decline and improves renal prognosis in IRI model, a typical model of AKI. However, the identity of Breg in the kidney and their origin have not been clarified. Further, how the Breg works during the transition from AKI to CKD is not known. Therefore, first we investigated whether Breg existed in renal tissue on the progression from AKI to CKD in IRI model mice. Further, we performed splenectomy, and examined the renal injury, Breg, and plasma IL-10 levels in this model. Method To examine the existence of Breg in the kidney of IRI model, we used 8-10 weeks-old GFP / IL-10 mice based on C57BL / 6J mice. They are reporter mice for IL-10 producing cells, and can visualize IL-10 producing cells under a fluorescence microscope without fluorescent immunostaining. We prepared following three groups, sham, IRI (unilateral), and IRI + SN (splenectomy) groups. Mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (4 g/kg,, intraperitoneal). After making a midline incision, exposed a blood vessel of the left renal pedicles and clamped it for 30 min by clips. one day, 7 days, and 14 days after the surgery, mice were sacrificed, and renal function and plasma IL-10 levels as well as tissue damages by PAS and Masson’s Trichrome staining were assessed. Tissue IL-10-producing cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results There was no difference of plasma IL-10 levels and renal tubulointerstitial injury in IRI group and IRI+SN group on day 1 after IRI. However, on day 7 and day 14, plasma IL-10 levels became gradually higher in IRI group, and SN decreased the increase in IL-10 levels. Tubulointerstitial injury was induced by IRI and SN further worsened tubular damages. Serum Cr and BUN levels were not different in three groups due to normal right kidney. On day 1, number of IL-10-producing B cells increased in the spleen and renal medulla in IRI group confirmed by flow cytometry, which was completely diminished by SN, suggesting that origin of the infiltrated Breg might be spleen, thereby being involved in the protective role in IRI injury in the kidney. Conclusion We report for the first time that Breg might be recruited from spleen by AKI, which may be one of the mechanisms to prevent the progression to CKD.

scholarly journals Role of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells in control of cerebral malaria inPlasmodium bergheiinfected mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2907-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Liu ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Zhaotao Li ◽  
Yingli Han ◽  
Yanxia Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Regulatory B Cells

scholarly journals Regulatory B cells (Bregs) inhibit osteoclastogenesis and prevent bone loss in osteoporotic mice model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Sapra ◽  
Asha Bhardwaj ◽  
Pradyumna K. Mishra ◽  
Bhupendra K. Verma ◽  
Rupesh K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Regulatory B Cells ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Post Menopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
First Time

AbstractIncreasing evidences in recent years have suggested that regulatory B cells (Bregs) are crucial modulator in various inflammatory disease conditions. However, the role of Bregs in case of postmenopausal osteoporosis remains unknown. Also, no study till date have ever investigated the significance of Bregs in modulating osteoclastogenesis. In the present study, we for the first time examined the anti-osteoclastogenic potential of Bregs under in vitro conditions and we observed that Bregs suppressed RANKL mediated osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cells in a dose dependent manner. We further elucidated the mechanism behind the suppression of osteoclasts differentiation by Bregs and found that Bregs inhibit osteoclastogenesis via IL-10 production. To further confirm the bone health modulating potential of Bregs we employed post-menopausal osteoporotic mice model. Remarkably, our in vivo data clearly suggest a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in both CD19+IL-10+ and CD19+CD1dhiCD5+IL-10+ B10 Bregs in case of osteoporotic mice model. Moreover, our serum cytokine data further confirms the significant reduction of IL-10 levels in osteoporotic mice. Taken together, the present study for the first time unravels and establish the unexplored role of regulatory B cells in case of osteoporosis and provide new insight into Bregs biology in the context of post-menopausal osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Catalán ◽  
Miguel Andrés Mansilla ◽  
Ashley Ferrier ◽  
Lilian Soto ◽  
Kristine Oleinika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Regulatory B Cells ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Function

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark of Breg function; nevertheless, the past decade has seen the discovery of other molecules utilized by human and murine B cells to regulate immune responses. This new arsenal includes other anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-35 and TGF-β, as well as cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1. In this review, we examine the main suppressive mechanisms employed by these novel Breg populations. We also discuss recent evidence that helps to unravel previously unknown aspects of the phenotype, development, activation, and function of IL-10-producing Bregs, incorporating an overview on those questions that remain obscure.

scholarly journals Frontiers of Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Disorders: Crosstalk Between Tfh/Tfr and Regulatory B Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Ding ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
Ruihe Wu ◽  
Hongwei Xue ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Regulatory B Cells ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Autoantibody Production ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Tfh Cells ◽  
Follicular Helper

Balance of Tfh/Tfr cell is critically important for the maintenance of immune tolerance, as evidenced by the fact that T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are central to the autoantibodies generation through providing necessary help for germinal center (GC) B cells, whereas T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells significantly inhibit autoimmune inflammation process through restraining Tfh cell responses. However, signals underlying the regulation of Tfh and Tfr cells are largely undefined. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a heterogeneous subpopulation of B cells with immunosuppressive function. Considerable advances have been made in their functions to produce anti‐inflammatory cytokines and to regulate Th17, Th1, and Treg cells in autoimmune diseases. The recent identification of their correlations with dysregulated Tfr/Tfh cells and autoantibody production makes Bregs an important checkpoint in GC response. Bregs exert profound impacts on the differentiation, function, and distribution of Tfh and Tfr cells in the immune microenvironment. Thus, unraveling mechanistic information on Tfh-Breg and Tfr-Breg interactions will inspire novel implications for the establishment of homeostasis and prevention of autoantibodies in diverse diseases. This review summarizes the dysregulation of Tfh/Tfr cells in autoimmune diseases with a focus on the emerging role of Bregs in regulating the balance between Tfh and Tfr cells. The previously unsuspected crosstalk between Bregs and Tfh/Tfr cells will be beneficial to understand the cellular mechanisms of autoantibody production and evoke a revolution in immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Regulatory B Cells in Health and Diseases: A Systemic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Endeshaw Chekol Abebe ◽  
Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie ◽  
Teklie Mengie Ayele ◽  
Nega Dagnew Baye ◽  
Assefa Agegnehu Teshome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Regulatory B Cells

scholarly journals The Emerging Potentials of Human Regulatory B Cells Mediated Therapies in Myasthenia Gravis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Regulatory B Cells ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
And Function ◽  
Negative Regulatory Role

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) with immunosuppressive function are critical in maintaining immune tolerance. In recent years, Bregs is an essential part of the study due to its therapeutic relevance and function in immune tolerance. The positive and negative regulatory role of human Bregs in immune tolerance is being discussed in several pathologies, including in autoimmune diseases, cancers, chronic infections, strokes in multiple reports. The negative regulatory roles of human Bregs are associated with lesser numbers and functional abnormalities in most of these studies, including myasthenia gravis (MG). In this review, the potential findings regarding human Bregs in MG, and Bregs mediated potential therapeutic strategies with its pros and cons have been discussed based on previous and current reports.

scholarly journals Continued dysregulation of the B cell lineage promotes multiple sclerosis activity despite disease modifying therapies

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Ana C. Londoño ◽  
Carlos A. Mora
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Regulatory B Cells ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies

A clear understanding of the origin and role of the different subtypes of the B cell lineage involved in the activity or remission of multiple sclerosis (MS) is important for the treatment and follow-up of patients living with this disease. B cells, however, are dynamic and can play an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory role, depending on their milieu. Depletion of B cells has been effective in controlling the progression of MS, but it can have adverse side effects. A better understanding of the role of the B cell subtypes, through the use of surface biomarkers of cellular activity with special attention to the function of memory and regulatory B cells (Bregs), will be necessary in order to offer specific treatments without inducing undesirable effects.

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