scholarly journals Logic-Based Technologies for Intelligent Systems: State of the Art and Perspectives

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Calegari ◽  
Giovanni Ciatto ◽  
Enrico Denti ◽  
Andrea Omicini
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Main Application ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Symbolic Ai

Together with the disruptive development of modern sub-symbolic approaches to artificial intelligence (AI), symbolic approaches to classical AI are re-gaining momentum, as more and more researchers exploit their potential to make AI more comprehensible, explainable, and therefore trustworthy. Since logic-based approaches lay at the core of symbolic AI, summarizing their state of the art is of paramount importance now more than ever, in order to identify trends, benefits, key features, gaps, and limitations of the techniques proposed so far, as well as to identify promising research perspectives. Along this line, this paper provides an overview of logic-based approaches and technologies by sketching their evolution and pointing out their main application areas. Future perspectives for exploitation of logic-based technologies are discussed as well, in order to identify those research fields that deserve more attention, considering the areas that already exploit logic-based approaches as well as those that are more likely to adopt logic-based approaches in the future.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence ante portas: The End of Comparative Law?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz-Christian Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Core ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Core Features

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) can do many things that were not thought of some years ago and that are unimaginable for non-AI experts even today. In contrast, it is relatively easy to understand that AI can be used to compare contents and structures of laws and legal documents. In fact, the comparative abilities of AI are the reason why AI is now playing an increasing role—for example, in due diligence exercises where contracts, documents as well as other materials and legal data of target companies are benchmarked against standard patterns. If the ‘ability to compare’ is one of the core features of AI it is only natural to assume that AI is an ideal tool to conduct comparative law work. This article explores if this assumption is correct. This article first highlights key features of the comparative law work process, which, for some strange reason, is hardly ever discussed in the legal literature. This article describes and analyses the different stages and investigates which parts can (or cannot) be conducted by AI. It also asks if AI will—within the scope of its comparative abilities—in fact, ‘take over’ from human comparatists. On the basis of the findings, this article concludes that it is more likely than not that comparative law work will, in the future, be AI based.

scholarly journals Interlinked. Machines and humans facing the 10101 century

2021 ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Carme Torras ◽  
Ramon López de Mántaras
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
General Public ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Common Sense Reasoning ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Level

Robotics and artificial intelligence are two scientific research fields that receive considerable attention from the media and, consequently, from society. Unfortunately, many advances are reported to the general public in sensationalist (or even alarmist) terms, leading to false hopes or unjustified fears, and taking the focus from other key points. For instance, recent successes in artificial intelligence, amplified by the media, are the cause of a mistaken perception of this discipline’s state of the art. The reality is that artificial intelligence is still far from achieving many high-level cognitive skills; particularly, common sense reasoning.

Augmented Intelligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
João M.F. Rodrigues ◽  
Pedro J.S. Cardoso ◽  
Jânio Monteiro ◽  
Célia M.Q. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Future Work ◽  
User Intervention

Smart systems make decisions incorporating data available from different sensing in a way to control and make smart actions. In this context, smart actions consist in augmenting user's actions and/or decisions by using devices or additional information. Those actions could and should be different from user to user, depending on its characteristics and needs. To obtain smart actions adapted to the users, it is necessary to detect the user's individualities on-the-fly. This chapter focuses on how augmented intelligence can leverage smart systems, addressing: (a) the definitions and relations of artificial intelligence, augmented intelligence, and smart systems, namely the state of the art on how to extract human features that can be used to develop augmented intelligent systems (using only computer vision methods); (b) a brief explanation of a “describing people integrated framework”, a framework to extract user information automatically without any user intervention; and (c) a description of several implemented smart systems, including a future work perspective.

Towards intelligent systems for boiler design

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Knowledge Based Systems ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Boiler Design

This paper describes the application, through examples and comparisons, of artificial intelligence including neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms in three levels of computer aided boiler design: design by mathematical modelling, design by optimization and design by knowledge-based systems. It reviews the state-of-the-art situation and trends for future development in boiler design practice.

scholarly journals Improving the Speed of MRI with Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 012-020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Johnson ◽  
Michael P. Recht ◽  
Florian Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Accelerated Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Image Modality ◽  
Resolution Data

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a leading image modality for the assessment of musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries and disorders. A significant drawback, however, is the lengthy data acquisition. This issue has motivated the development of methods to improve the speed of MRI. The field of artificial intelligence (AI) for accelerated MRI, although in its infancy, has seen tremendous progress over the past 3 years. Promising approaches include deep learning methods for reconstructing undersampled MRI data and generating high-resolution from low-resolution data. Preliminary studies show the promise of the variational network, a state-of-the-art technique, to generalize to many different anatomical regions and achieve comparable diagnostic accuracy as conventional methods. This article discusses the state-of-the-art methods, considerations for clinical applicability, followed by future perspectives for the field.

scholarly journals Al-Based Metal Foams (AMF) as Permanent Cores in Casting: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Graziano Ubertalli ◽  
Sara Ferraris
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Vibration Absorption ◽  
The Core ◽  
Die Material

Metal foams are extremely interesting due to their low density, high specific stiffness, and impact energy/vibration absorption ability. The use of metal foams as permanent cores in casting can be an opportunity to improve the properties of cast components and to simplify the technological processes (e.g., no need for core removal/treatment/recycling). The present review, besides a brief introduction on commercially available metal foams and their main characteristics, reports and compares the research works and patents related to the use of metal foams as permanent cores in casting, with particular attention to foam characteristics (e.g., presence/absence of surface skin, porosity and density, and liquid to foam volume ratio), casting parameters (e.g., pressure, the temperature of poured material, die material, and cooling rate), core–shell bonding and strategies for its improvement (foam surface treatments/coatings). The main issues that limit the application of metal foams as permanent cores in casting (e.g., poor core–shell bonding and poor foam resistance to casting conditions) are finally discussed together with possible solutions for their overcoming. Finally, characterization techniques, suitable for the investigation of foams, casting objects, and the core–shell bonding are summarized and compared in order to facilitate the selection and optimization of the more suitable ones.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Dermatopathology: New Insights and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-425
Author(s):  
Gerardo Cazzato ◽  
Anna Colagrande ◽  
Antonietta Cimmino ◽  
Francesca Arezzo ◽  
Vera Loizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Modern Era

In recent years, an increasing enthusiasm has been observed towards artificial intelligence and machine learning, involving different areas of medicine. Among these, although still in the embryonic stage, the dermatopathological field has also been partially involved, with the attempt to develop and train algorithms that could assist the pathologist in the differential diagnosis of complex melanocytic lesions. In this article, we face this new challenge of the modern era, carry out a review of the literature regarding the state of the art and try to determine promising future perspectives.

Artificial intelligence-enhanced intraoperative neurosurgical workflow: state of the art and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo TARICIOTTI ◽  
Paolo PALMISCIANO ◽  
Martina GIORDANO ◽  
Giulia REMOLI ◽  
Eleonora LACORTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence-enhanced intraoperative neurosurgical workflow: state of the art and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 100810
Author(s):  
L. Tariciotti ◽  
P. Palmisciano ◽  
M. Giordano ◽  
G. Remoli ◽  
E. Lacorte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives

Artificial intelligence as a moving force of improvement and innovative development in education and pedagogic

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
M. G. Koliada ◽  
T. I. Bugayova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Educational Data Mining ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Intellectual System ◽  
Will Force ◽  
To Come ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

The article discusses the history of the development of the problem of using artificial intelligence systems in education and pedagogic. Two directions of its development are shown: “Computational Pedagogic” and “Educational Data Mining”, in which poorly studied aspects of the internal mechanisms of functioning of artificial intelligence systems in this field of activity are revealed. The main task is a problem of interface of a kernel of the system with blocks of pedagogical and thematic databases, as well as with the blocks of pedagogical diagnostics of a student and a teacher. The role of the pedagogical diagnosis as evident reflection of the complex influence of factors and reasons is shown. It provides the intelligent system with operative and reliable information on how various reasons intertwine in the interaction, which of them are dangerous at present, where recession of characteristics of efficiency is planned. All components of the teaching and educational system are subject to diagnosis; without it, it is impossible to own any pedagogical situation optimum. The means in obtaining information about students, as well as the “mechanisms” of work of intelligent systems based on innovative ideas of advanced pedagogical experience in diagnostics of the professionalism of a teacher, are considered. Ways of realization of skill of the teacher on the basis of the ideas developed by the American scientists are shown. Among them, the approaches of researchers D. Rajonz and U. Bronfenbrenner who put at the forefront the teacher’s attitude towards students, their views, intellectual and emotional characteristics are allocated. An assessment of the teacher’s work according to N. Flanders’s system, in the form of the so-called “The Interaction Analysis”, through the mechanism of fixing such elements as: the verbal behavior of the teacher, events at the lesson and their sequence is also proposed. A system for assessing the professionalism of a teacher according to B. O. Smith and M. O. Meux is examined — through the study of the logic of teaching, using logical operations at the lesson. Samples of forms of external communication of the intellectual system with the learning environment are given. It is indicated that the conclusion of the found productive solutions can have the most acceptable and comfortable form both for students and for the teacher in the form of three approaches. The first shows that artificial intelligence in this area can be represented in the form of robotized being in the shape of a person; the second indicates that it is enough to confine oneself only to specially organized input-output systems for targeted transmission of effective methodological recommendations and instructions to both students and teachers; the third demonstrates that life will force one to come up with completely new hybrid forms of interaction between both sides in the form of interactive educational environments, to some extent resembling the educational spaces of virtual reality.

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