scholarly journals Effect of Selection for Pyrethroid Resistance on Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Aedes aegypti from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Keenan Amer ◽  
Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez ◽  
William C. Black ◽  
Emilie M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Selection For

The study of fitness costs of insecticide resistance mutations in Aedes aegypti has generally been focused on life history parameters such as fecundity, mortality, and energy reserves. In this study we sought to investigate whether trade-offs might also exist between insecticide resistance and other abiotic stress resistance parameters. We evaluated the effects of the selection for permethrin resistance specifically on larval salinity and thermal tolerance. A population of A. aegypti originally from Southern Mexico was split into two strains, one selected for permethrin resistance and the other not. Larvae were reared at different salinities, and the fourth instar larvae were subjected to acute thermal stress; then, survival to both stresses was compared between strains. Contrary to our predictions, we found that insecticide resistance correlated with significantly enhanced larval thermotolerance. We found no clear difference in salinity tolerance between strains. This result suggests that insecticide resistance does not necessarily carry trade-offs in all traits affecting fitness and that successful insecticide resistance management strategies must account for genetic associations between insecticide resistance and abiotic stress resistance, as well as traditional life history parameters.

scholarly journals Phenotypic, genotypic and biochemical changes during pyrethroid resistance selection in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell G. Machani ◽  
Eric Ochomo ◽  
Daibin Zhong ◽  
Guofa Zhou ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Selection For

Abstract The directional selection for insecticide resistance due to indiscriminate use of insecticides in public health and agricultural system favors an increase in the frequency of insecticide-resistant alleles in the natural populations. Similarly, removal of selection pressure generally leads to decay in resistance. Past investigations on the emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes mostly relied on field survey of resistance in vector populations that typically had a complex history of exposure to various public health and agricultural pest control insecticides in nature, and thus the effect of specific insecticides on rate of resistance emergency or resistance decay rate is not known. This study examined the phenotypic, genotypic, and biochemical changes that had occurred during the process of selection for pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae, the most important malaria vector in Africa. In parallel, we also examined these changes in resistant populations when there is no selection pressure applied. Through repeated deltamethrin selection in adult mosquitoes from a field population collected in western Kenya for 12 generations, we obtained three independent and highly pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae populations. Three susceptible populations from the same parental population were generated by removing selection pressure. These two lines of mosquito populations differed significantly in monooxygenase and beta-esterase activities, but not in Vgsc gene mutation frequency, suggesting metabolic detoxification mechanism plays a major role in generating moderate-intensity resistance or high-intensity resistance. Pre-exposure to the synergist piperonyl butoxide restored the susceptibility to insecticide among the highly resistant mosquitoes, confirming the role of monooxygenases in pyrethroid resistance. The rate of resistance decay to become fully susceptible from moderate-intensity resistance took 15 generations, supporting at least 2-years interval is needed when the rotational use of insecticides with different modes of action is considered for resistance management.

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance and nutrition interactively shape life-history parameters in German cockroaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Jensen ◽  
Alexander E. Ko ◽  
Coby Schal ◽  
Jules Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Life History Parameters

scholarly journals MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN FIELD POPULATIONS OF AEDES AEGYPTI (L.) FROM QUINTANA ROO, SOUTHERN MEXICO

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADRIANA E. FLORES ◽  
JAIME SALOMON GRAJALES ◽  
ILDEFONSO FERNANDEZ SALAS ◽  
GUSTAVO PONCE GARCIA ◽  
MA. HAYDEE LOAIZA BECERRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Southern Mexico

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance of Dengue vectors in South East Asia: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1124-1140
Author(s):  
Mohd Rohaizat Hassan ◽  
Noor Atika Azit ◽  
Suhaiza Mohd Fadzil ◽  
Siti Rasidah Abd Ghani ◽  
Norfazilah Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Dengue Vectors

Background: The insecticides used widely has led to resistance in the vector and impose a challenge to vector control op- eration. Objectives: This review aims to analyse the distribution of insecticide resistance of dengue vectors in South East Asia and to describe the mechanism of insecticide resistance. Methods: Literature search for articles published on 2015 to 2019 from PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest was performed. Total of 37 studies included in the final review from the initial 420 studies. Results: Pyrethroid resistance was concentrated on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and Northern Thailand and scat- tered at Java Island, Indonesia while organophosphate resistance was seen across the Java Island (Indonesia), West Sumatera and North Peninsular Malaysia. Organochlorine resistance was seen in Sabah, Malaysia and scattered distribution in Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. V1016G, S989P, F1269C gene mutation in Aedes Aegypti were associated with Pyrethroid resistance in Singapore and Indonesia. In Malaysia, over-expressed with monooxygenase P450 genes (CYP9J27, CYP6CB1, CYP9J26 and CYP9M4) Glutathione S-transferases, carboxylesterases commonly associated with pyrethroids resistance in Aedes Aegypti and CYP612 overexpressed in Aedes Albopictus. The genetic mutation in A302S in Aedes Albopictus was associated with organochlorine resistance in Malaysia. Conclusions: Rotation of insecticide, integration with synergist and routine assessment of resistance profile are recom- mended strategies in insecticide resistance management. Keywords: Insecticide resistance; vector management; Aedes; pyrethroid; mortality.

scholarly journals Frequency of kdr mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene in Aedes aegypti from Yogyakarta and implications for Wolbachia-infected mosquito trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juli R. Wuliandari ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Warsito Tantowijoyo ◽  
Nancy M. Endersby-Harshman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Homozygous Mutant

Abstract Background : In the inner city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, insecticide resistance is expected in the main dengue vector, Aedes aegypti , because of the intensive local application of pyrethroid insecticides. However, detailed information about the nature of resistance in this species is required to assist the release of Wolbachia mosquitoes in a dengue control program so that we can ensure that insecticide resistance in the strain of Ae. aegypti being released matches that of the background population. Methods: High-resolution melt genotyping was used to screen for kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (V SSC ) gene in Ae. aegypti of some areas in the inner city of Yogyakarta. Results: The results show that the V1016G mutation predominated, with individuals homozygous for the 1016G allele at a frequency of 82.1% and the mutant allele G at a frequency of 92%. Two patterns of co-occurrence of mutations were detected in this study, homozygous individuals V1016G/S989P; and heterozygous individuals V1016G/F1534C/S989P. We found the simultaneous occurrence of kdr mutations V1016G and F1534C at all collection sites, but not within individual mosquitoes. Homozygous mutants at locus 1016 were homozygous wildtype at locus 1534 and vice versa, and heterozygous V1016G were also heterozygous for F1534C. The most common tri-locus genotype co-occurrences were homozygous mutant 1016GG and homozygous wild-type FF1534, combined with homozygous mutant 989PP (GG/FF/PP) at a frequency of 38.28%. Conclusions: Given the relatively small differences in frequency of resistance alleles across the city area, locality variations in resistance should have minor implications for the success of Wolbachia mosquito trials being undertaken in the Yogyakarta area.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Aedes aegypti populations in the city of Praia, Cape Verde: Zika virus infection, insecticide resistance and genetic diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Campos ◽  
Daniel Ward ◽  
Raika Francesca Morales ◽  
Ana Rita Gomes ◽  
Keily Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
South America ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis

Abstract Background Aedes spp. are responsible for the transmission of many arboviruses, which contribute to rising human morbidity and mortality worldwide. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a main vector for chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever infections, whose incidence have been increasing and distribution expanding. This vector has also driven the emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV), first reported in Africa which spread rapidly to Asia and more recently across the Americas. During the outbreak in the Americas, Cape Verde became the first African country declaring a Zika epidemic, with confirmed cases of microcephaly. Here we investigate the prevalence of ZIKV and dengue (DENV) infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the weeks following the outbreak in Cape Verde, and the presence of insecticide resistance in the circulating vector population. Genetic diversity in the mosquito population was also analysed. Methods From August to October 2016, 816 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected in several locations across Praia, Cape Verde, the major hot spot of reported ZIKV cases in the country. All mosquitoes were screened by reverse transcription PCR for ZIKV and DENV, and a subset (n = 220) were screened for knockdown insecticide resistance associated mutations in the voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene by capillary sequencing. The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4) gene was sequenced in 100 mosquitoes. These data were compared to 977 global sequences in a haplotype network and a phylogenetic tree analysis. Results Two Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were ZIKV positive (0.25%). There were no SNP mutations found in the VGSC gene associated with insecticide resistance. Analysis of the nad4 gene revealed 11 haplotypes in the Cape Verdean samples, with 5 being singletons. Seven haplotypes were exclusive to Cape Verde. Several of the remaining haplotypes were frequent in the global dataset, being present in several countries (including Cape Verde) across five different continents. The most common haplotype in Cape Verde (50.6 %) was also found in Africa and South America. Conclusions There was low-level Zika virus circulation in mosquitoes from Praia shortly after the outbreak. The Ae. aegypti population did not appear to have the kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance. Furthermore, haplotype and phylogenetic analyses revealed that Cape Verde Ae. aegypti mosquitoes are most closely related to those from other countries in Africa and South America.

scholarly journals Selection for cuticular melanism reveals immune function and life-history trade-offs inSpodoptera littoralis

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1744-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. COTTER ◽  
J. P. MYATT ◽  
C. M. H. BENSKIN ◽  
K. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Selection For

Characterisation of DDT and Pyrethroid Resistance in Trinidad and Tobago populations of Aedes aegypti

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Polson ◽  
S.C. Rawlins ◽  
W.G. Brogdon ◽  
D.D. Chadee
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
The Status ◽  
Control And Prevention

AbstractInsecticide resistance is an important factor in the effectiveness of Aedes aegypti control and the related spread of dengue. The objectives of this study were to investigate the status of the organochlorine dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroid (permethrin and deltamethrin) resistance in Trinidad and Tobago populations of Ae. aegypti and the underlying biochemical mechanisms. Nine populations of Ae. aegypti larvae from Trinidad and Tobago were assayed to DDT and PYs using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) time-mortality-based bioassay method. A diagnostic dosage (DD) was established for each insecticide using the CAREC reference susceptible Ae. aegypti strain and a resistance threshold (RT), time in which 98–100% mortality was observed in the CAREC strain, was calculated for each insecticide. Mosquitoes which survived the DD and RT were considered as resistant, and the resistance status of each population was categorised based on the WHO criteria with mortality <80% indicative of resistance. Biochemical assays were conducted to determine the activities of α and β esterases, mixed function oxidases (MFO) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) enzymes which are involved in resistance of mosquitoes to DDT and PYs. Enzymatic activity levels in each population were compared with those obtained for the CAREC susceptible strain, and significant differences were determined by Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey's non-parametric tests (P<0.05). The established DDs were 0.01 mg l−1, 0.2 mg l−1 and 1.0 mg l−1 for deltamethrin, permethrin and DDT, respectively; and the RTs for deltamethrin, permethrin and DDT were 30, 75 and 120 min, respectively. All Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to DDT (<80% mortality); two strains were incipiently resistant to deltamethrin and three to permethrin (80–98% mortality). Biochemical assays revealed elevated levels of α-esterase and MFO enzymes in all Ae. aegypti populations. All, except three populations, showed increased levels of β-esterases; and all populations, except Curepe, demonstrated elevated GST levels.Metabolic detoxification of enzymes is correlated with the manifestation of DDT and PY resistance in Trinidad and Tobago populations of Ae. aegypti. The presence of this resistance also suggests that knock down (kdr)-type resistance may be involved, hence the need for further investigations. This information can contribute to the development of an insecticide resistance surveillance programme and improvement of resistance management strategies aimed at combatting the spread of dengue in Trinidad and Tobago.

scholarly journals Frequency of kdr mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene in Aedes aegypti from Yogyakarta and implications for Wolbachia-infected mosquito trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juli R. Wuliandari ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Warsito Tantowijoyo ◽  
Nancy M. Endersby-Harshman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
High Resolution Melt ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Homozygous Mutant

Abstract Background: In the inner city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, insecticide resistance is expected in the main dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, because of the intensive local application of pyrethroid insecticides. However, detailed information about the nature of resistance in this species is required to assist the release of Wolbachia mosquitoes in a dengue control program so that we can ensure that insecticide resistance in the strain of Ae. aegypti being released matches that of the background population.Methods: High-resolution melt genotyping was used to screen for kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene in Ae. aegypti of some areas in the inner city of Yogyakarta.Results: The results show that the V1016G mutation predominated, with individuals homozygous for the 1016G allele at a frequency of 82.1% and the mutant allele G at a frequency of 92%. Two patterns of co-occurrence of mutations were detected in this study, homozygous individuals V1016G/S989P; and heterozygous individuals V1016G/F1534C/S989P. We found the simultaneous occurrence of kdr mutations V1016G and F1534C at all collection sites, but not within individual mosquitoes. Homozygous mutants at locus 1016 were homozygous wildtype at locus 1534 and vice versa, and heterozygous V1016G were also heterozygous for F1534C. The most common tri-locus genotype co-occurrences were homozygous mutant 1016GG and homozygous wild-type FF1534, combined with homozygous mutant 989PP (GG/FF/PP) at a frequency of 38.28%.Conclusions: Given the relatively small differences in frequency of resistance alleles across the city area, locality variations in resistance should have minor implications for the success of Wolbachia mosquito trials being undertaken in the Yogyakarta area.

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