Characterisation of DDT and Pyrethroid Resistance in Trinidad and Tobago populations of Aedes aegypti

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Polson ◽  
S.C. Rawlins ◽  
W.G. Brogdon ◽  
D.D. Chadee
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
The Status ◽  
Control And Prevention

AbstractInsecticide resistance is an important factor in the effectiveness of Aedes aegypti control and the related spread of dengue. The objectives of this study were to investigate the status of the organochlorine dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroid (permethrin and deltamethrin) resistance in Trinidad and Tobago populations of Ae. aegypti and the underlying biochemical mechanisms. Nine populations of Ae. aegypti larvae from Trinidad and Tobago were assayed to DDT and PYs using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) time-mortality-based bioassay method. A diagnostic dosage (DD) was established for each insecticide using the CAREC reference susceptible Ae. aegypti strain and a resistance threshold (RT), time in which 98–100% mortality was observed in the CAREC strain, was calculated for each insecticide. Mosquitoes which survived the DD and RT were considered as resistant, and the resistance status of each population was categorised based on the WHO criteria with mortality <80% indicative of resistance. Biochemical assays were conducted to determine the activities of α and β esterases, mixed function oxidases (MFO) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) enzymes which are involved in resistance of mosquitoes to DDT and PYs. Enzymatic activity levels in each population were compared with those obtained for the CAREC susceptible strain, and significant differences were determined by Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey's non-parametric tests (P<0.05). The established DDs were 0.01 mg l−1, 0.2 mg l−1 and 1.0 mg l−1 for deltamethrin, permethrin and DDT, respectively; and the RTs for deltamethrin, permethrin and DDT were 30, 75 and 120 min, respectively. All Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to DDT (<80% mortality); two strains were incipiently resistant to deltamethrin and three to permethrin (80–98% mortality). Biochemical assays revealed elevated levels of α-esterase and MFO enzymes in all Ae. aegypti populations. All, except three populations, showed increased levels of β-esterases; and all populations, except Curepe, demonstrated elevated GST levels.Metabolic detoxification of enzymes is correlated with the manifestation of DDT and PY resistance in Trinidad and Tobago populations of Ae. aegypti. The presence of this resistance also suggests that knock down (kdr)-type resistance may be involved, hence the need for further investigations. This information can contribute to the development of an insecticide resistance surveillance programme and improvement of resistance management strategies aimed at combatting the spread of dengue in Trinidad and Tobago.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of kdr mutations V1016I and F1534C in pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryana Zardkoohi ◽  
David Castañeda ◽  
Carmen Castillo ◽  
Juan C Lol ◽  
Francisco Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Control And Prevention

AbstractAedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is considered the most important mosquito vector species for several arboviruses (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, Zika) in Costa Rica. The main strategy for the control and prevention of Aedes-borne diseases relies on insecticide-based vector control. However, the emergence of insecticide resistance in the mosquito populations present a big threat for the prevention actions. The characterization of the mechanisms driving the insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti are vital for decision making in vector control programs. Therefore, we analyzed the voltage-gated sodium channel gene for the presence of the V1016I and F1534C kdr mutations in pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti populations from Puntarenas and Limon provinces, Costa Rica. The CDC bottle bioassays showed that both Costa Rican Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin. In the case of kdr genotyping, results revealed the co-occurrence of V1016I and F1534C mutations in permethrin and deltamethrin-resistant populations, as well as the fixation of the 1534C allele. Therefore, our findings make an urgent call to expand the knowledge about the insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in the Costa Rican populations of Ae. aegypti which must be a priority to develop an effective resistance management plan.

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance of Dengue vectors in South East Asia: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1124-1140
Author(s):  
Mohd Rohaizat Hassan ◽  
Noor Atika Azit ◽  
Suhaiza Mohd Fadzil ◽  
Siti Rasidah Abd Ghani ◽  
Norfazilah Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Dengue Vectors

Background: The insecticides used widely has led to resistance in the vector and impose a challenge to vector control op- eration. Objectives: This review aims to analyse the distribution of insecticide resistance of dengue vectors in South East Asia and to describe the mechanism of insecticide resistance. Methods: Literature search for articles published on 2015 to 2019 from PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest was performed. Total of 37 studies included in the final review from the initial 420 studies. Results: Pyrethroid resistance was concentrated on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and Northern Thailand and scat- tered at Java Island, Indonesia while organophosphate resistance was seen across the Java Island (Indonesia), West Sumatera and North Peninsular Malaysia. Organochlorine resistance was seen in Sabah, Malaysia and scattered distribution in Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. V1016G, S989P, F1269C gene mutation in Aedes Aegypti were associated with Pyrethroid resistance in Singapore and Indonesia. In Malaysia, over-expressed with monooxygenase P450 genes (CYP9J27, CYP6CB1, CYP9J26 and CYP9M4) Glutathione S-transferases, carboxylesterases commonly associated with pyrethroids resistance in Aedes Aegypti and CYP612 overexpressed in Aedes Albopictus. The genetic mutation in A302S in Aedes Albopictus was associated with organochlorine resistance in Malaysia. Conclusions: Rotation of insecticide, integration with synergist and routine assessment of resistance profile are recom- mended strategies in insecticide resistance management. Keywords: Insecticide resistance; vector management; Aedes; pyrethroid; mortality.

scholarly journals Insecticide Resistance Status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in California by Biochemical Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1176-1183
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Samuel Schildhauer ◽  
Sarah A Billeter ◽  
Melissa Hardstone Yoshimizu ◽  
Robert Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Organophosphate Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Effective Use

Abstract Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes poses a major threat to public health worldwide. There are two primary biological mechanisms that can lead to insecticide resistance, target site and metabolic resistance, both of which confer resistance to specific classes of insecticides. Due to the limited number of chemical compounds available for mosquito control, it is important to determine current enzymatic profiles among mosquito populations. This study assessed resistance profiles for three metabolic pathways, α-esterases, β-esterases, and mixed-function oxidases (MFOs), as well as insensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase (iAChE) enzyme in the presence of propoxur, among Ae. aegypti from the Central Valley and southern California. All field-collected Ae. aegypti demonstrated elevated MFOs and iAChE activity, indicating potential development of pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance, respectively. Although regional variations were found among α-esterase and β-esterase activity, levels were generally elevated, further suggesting additional mechanisms for developing organophosphate resistance. Furthermore, mosquito samples from southern California exhibited a higher expression level to all three metabolic enzymes and iAChE activity in comparison to mosquitoes from the central region. These results could help guide future mosquito control efforts, directing the effective use of insecticides while limiting the spread of resistance.

scholarly journals Identifying permethrin resistance loci in malaria vectors by genetic mapping

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA WITZIG ◽  
CHARLES S. WONDJI ◽  
CLARE STRODE ◽  
ROUSSEAU DJOUAKA ◽  
HILARY RANSON
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Genomic Locations

SUMMARYIdentification of the major loci responsible for insecticide resistance in malaria vectors would aid the development and implementation of effective resistance management strategies, which are urgently needed to tackle the growing threat posed by resistance to the limited insecticides available for malaria control. Genome-wide association studies in the major malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, have been hindered by the high degree of within-population structuring and very low levels of linkage disequilibrium hence we revisited the use of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to study resistance phenotypes in this vector species. Earlier work, identified two major QTL associated with pyrethroid resistance in A. gambiae s.s. from East Africa using genetic crossing of laboratory-colonized resistant and susceptible strains. In this study, we report the results from genetic mapping of pyrethroid resistance in three isofemale pedigrees established from wild-caught female A. gambiae s.s. mosquitoes from Benin. We identified two QTL on chromosomes 2L and 3R in these field populations, in similar genomic locations to the QTL identified in laboratory strains. The relative merits of two alternative study designs are discussed and suggestions made for future genetic mapping studies of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of kdr Mutations V1016I and F1534C and Its Association With Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations From Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-836
Author(s):  
Aryana Zardkoohi ◽  
David Castañeda ◽  
Juan C Lol ◽  
Carmen Castillo ◽  
Francisco Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance

Abstract Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is considered the most important mosquito vector species for several arboviruses (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, Zika) in Costa Rica. The primary strategy for the control and prevention of Aedes-borne diseases relies on insecticide-based vector control. However, the emergence of insecticide resistance in the mosquito populations presents a significant threat to these prevention actions. The characterization of the mechanisms driving the insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is vital for decision making in vector control programs. Therefore, we analyzed the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene for the presence of the V1016I and F1534C kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti populations from Puntarenas and Limon provinces, Costa Rica. The CDC bottle bioassays showed that both Costa Rican Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin. In the case of kdr genotyping, results revealed the co-occurrence of V1016I and F1534C mutations in permethrin and deltamethrin-resistant populations, as well as the fixation of the 1534C allele. A strong association between these mutations and permethrin and deltamethrin resistance was found in Puntarenas. Limon did not show this association; however, our results indicate that the Limon population analyzed is not under the same selective pressure as Puntarenas for the VGSC gene. Therefore, our findings make an urgent call to expand the knowledge about the insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in the Costa Rican populations of Ae. aegypti, which must be a priority to develop an effective resistance management plan.

scholarly journals Fine scale spatial investigation of multiple insecticide resistance and underlying target-site and metabolic mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae in central Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Welbeck A. Oumbouke ◽  
Patricia Pignatelli ◽  
Antoine M. G. Barreaux ◽  
Innocent Z. Tia ◽  
Alphonsine A. Koffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Abstract Routine monitoring of occurrence, levels and mechanisms of insecticide resistance informs effective management strategies, and should be used to assess the effect of new tools on resistance. As part of a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating a novel insecticide-based intervention in central Côte d’Ivoire, we assessed resistance and its underlying mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae populations from a subset of trial villages. Resistance to multiple insecticides in An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii was detected across villages, with dose–response assays demonstrating extremely high resistance intensity to the pyrethroid deltamethrin (> 1,500-fold), and mortality following exposure to pyrethroid-treated bednets was low (< 30% mortality in cone bioassays). The 1014F kdr mutation was almost fixed (≥ 90%) in all villages but the 1575Y kdr-amplifying mutation was relatively rare (< 15%). The carbamate and organophosphate resistance-associated Ace-1 G119S mutation was also detected at moderate frequencies (22–43%). Transcriptome analysis identified overexpression of P450 genes known to confer pyrethroid resistance (Cyp9K1, Cyp6P3, and Cyp6M2), and also a carboxylesterase (COEAE1F) as major candidates. Cyp6P3 expression was high but variable (up to 33-fold) and correlated positively with deltamethrin resistance intensity across villages (r2 = 0.78, P = 0.02). Tools and strategies to mitigate the extreme and multiple resistance provided by these mechanisms are required in this area to avoid future control failures.

Identification of a point mutation in the ace1 gene of Therioaphis trifolli maculata and detection of insecticide resistance by a diagnostic PCR–RFLP assay

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-716
Author(s):  
E. AlSuhaibani ◽  
C.C. Voudouris ◽  
R. Al-Atiyat ◽  
A. Kotzamumin ◽  
J. Vontas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr

AbstractAphids are important agricultural pests worldwide. Their control is largely based on chemical insecticides. One species that shows important invasive abilities and host-plant-related differences is Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). T. trifolii maculata, also known as spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA), can be very injurious to alfalfa crops in certain regions, such as in Saudi Arabia for effective control it is essential to diagnose and monitor the resistance mechanisms in the SAA populations. In the present study, we analysed acetylcholinesterase (ace) target site insensitivity mechanisms. A 650 bp length DNA containing the putative acetylcholinesterase (ace1) precursor was obtained and compared with other Hemipteran species. The sequences of many individual aphids collected from alfalfa crops in Saudi Arabia were analysed for the presence of resistance mutations: no resistance mutations were found at the resistance mutation loci 302; however, the presence of a serine–phenylalanine substitution (S431F) was identified in one individual. The S431F substitution, has been shown to confer significant levels of both organophosphate and carbamate resistance in other aphid species, and is now found for the first time in T. trifolii. We subsequently developed a simple polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism assays for the S431F mutation, using a TaqI restriction site destroyed by the S431F mutation. The novel diagnostic assay may support the implementation of Insecticide Resistance Management strategies, for the control of SAA in alfalfa crops in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and other countries worldwide.

scholarly journals Molecular basis of resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the New World screw-worm fly

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Tandonnet ◽  
Gisele Antoniazzi Cardoso ◽  
Pedro Mariano-Martins ◽  
Raquel Dietsche Monfardini ◽  
Vanessa A. S. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract Background The emergence of insecticide resistance is a fast-paced example of the evolutionary process of natural selection. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of resistance in the myiasis-causing fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to dimethyl-organophosphate (OP) insecticides. Methods By sequencing the RNA from surviving larvae treated with dimethyl-OP (resistant condition) and non-treated larvae (control condition), we identified genes displaying condition-specific polymorphisms, as well as those differentially expressed. Results Both analyses revealed that resistant individuals have altered expression and allele-specific expression of genes involved in proteolysis (specifically serine-endopeptidase), olfactory perception and cuticle metabolism, among others. We also confirmed that resistant individuals carry almost invariably the Trp251Ser mutation in the esterase E3, known to confer OP and Pyrethroid resistance. Interestingly, genes involved in metabolic and detoxifying processes (notably cytochrome P450s) were found under-expressed in resistant individuals. An exception to this were esterases, which were found up-regulated. Conclusions These observations suggest that reduced penetration and aversion to dimethyl-OP contaminated food may be important complementary strategies of resistant individuals. The specific genes and processes found are an important starting point for future functional studies. Their role in insecticide resistance merits consideration to better the current pest management strategies.

Evidence for resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates inPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khaliq ◽  
M.N.R. Attique ◽  
A.H. Sayyed
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Low Toxicity

AbstractThe susceptibility of representative pyrethroid (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, bifenthrin), organophosphate (chlorpyriphos, triazophos, profenophos) and new chemistry insecticides (spinosad, indoxacarb and emamectin) was investigated for 18 field populations ofPlutella xylostella(Linnaeus) from three different zones in Pakistan. The LC50(mg ml−1; 48 h) values of pyrethroids for various populations ranged from 0.19–1.88 for cypermethrin, 0.31–2.64 for deltamethrin, 0.08–1.16 for lambdacyhalothrin and 0.07–0.88 for bifenthrin. The LC50(mg ml−1; 48 h) of organophosphates ranged from 0.52–5.67 for chlorpyriphos, 0.37–4.14 for triazophos and 0.03–2.65 for profenophos. The most probable reason for low toxicity of organophosphates and pyrethroids is the evolution of multiple resistance mechanisms; however, further studies are required to establish these mechanisms. When these same products were tested against a susceptible laboratory population (Lab-Pak), the new chemistry compounds were significantly more toxic than pyrethroids and organophosphates. The results are discussed in relation to integrated pest management and insecticide resistance management strategies forP. xylostella.

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