scholarly journals Valorisation Potential of Using Organic Side Streams as Feed for Tenebrio molitor, Acheta domesticus and Locusta migratoria

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Meggie Van Peer ◽  
Lotte Frooninckx ◽  
Carl Coudron ◽  
Siebe Berrens ◽  
Carlos Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
The Eu

Due to increasing welfare and population, the demand for alternative protein sources, obtained with minimal use of natural resources, is rising in today’s society. Insects have the potential to be used as an alternative protein source since they are considered to be able to convert low-value biomass into high-value components, resulting in opportunities for valorisation of organic side streams. Moreover, insects are suggested to be a sustainable protein source, referring to the efficient “feed to body” mass conversion potential. The aim of this review was to explore the potential to rear the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) on low or not yet valorised organic side streams within the food supply chain. This was performed by collecting research information focusing on the rearing of the insects in scope on organic biomass. In addition, the nutritional composition of the produced insects as well as their dietary requirements will be reviewed. Finally, the availability of side streams in the EU will be discussed as well as their potential to be used as insects feed.

scholarly journals Impact of some local organic by-products on Acheta domesticus growth and meal production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
C. Jucker ◽  
S. Belluco ◽  
S. Bellezza Oddon ◽  
A. Ricci ◽  
L. Bonizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
By Products

The house cricket Acheta domesticus is one of the species of major interest as alternative protein source for humans in the recent research of sustainable and nutritious sources of food. However, grain feeds, feed for poultry and soybean still represent common source of feeds for the insect industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of some agro-food by-products on the growth parameters of the crickets and the nutritional composition of the final cricket meal. Our study included five by-products (maize grain distiller, fruits and vegetables, grape marc, and two brewery’s wastes), while hen feed was used as a control diet. Substrates were analysed for their microbiological contamination prior to be provided to crickets. No Listeria and Salmonella were detected, but high microbial counts were observed. Crickets grown on the given by-products showed significant differences on the insect’s weight starting from the third week. High mortality was observed on all substrates, except on maize distiller and the control diet. The final cricket meal showed a similar protein content (66-68% as is), while the lipid content was higher in the meal from cricket reared on maize distiller (22% as is). Finally, microbiological and chemical analyses on the cricket meals did not show safety concerns for the consumers. The by-products studied, except maize grain distiller, did not support an optimal cricket rearing, but more studies are necessary to identify a mix-formulation meeting the cricket nutritional requirements.

Effects of two diets on adults’ survival and productivity in mass-rearing of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S. Naser El Deen ◽  
F. Lamaj ◽  
V. Verrastro ◽  
L. Al Bitar ◽  
F. Baldacchino
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Yellow mealworm is a grain infesting pest that is receiving attention nowadays as an alternative protein source for humans and animals. Its ability to convert low quality feed, like organic by-products, into high-quality food increases its production sustainability. The feeding diet is one of the most important factors in rearing Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), which affects its growth, longevity and nutritional composition. Many by-products have been tested on larvae, but studies are scarce on adults. This work aimed to compare the effect of chicken feed diet (C) and wheat bran (B) by-product, as well as integrating yeast (CY and BY), on the adults’ reproduction and larval growth. Experiment was set up in a complete productive cycle of mass-rearing. The evaluation was done on the reproductive stage of the adults and the development of the larvae until harvesting (appearance of the first pupa). Results showed that the bran-based diets significantly improved the adults’ survival; after 50 days, mean of 110 and 146 adults survived on B and BY diets respectively compared to mean of 23 adults when reared on both chicken feed diets. Besides, wheat bran supplemented with yeast improved the total number of larvae (6,448.2 larvae) compared to bran diet (4,016.7 larvae). Whereas the two chicken feed-based diets had significant positive effect on the average larval weight; the maximum weight reached was 116.3 mg and 145.8 mg for larvae read on C and CY diets respectively compared to 47.8 mg and 57.3 mg on B and BY diets. Nevertheless, in 50 days of reproduction, the total larval biomass was highest on bran supplemented with yeast (283.1 g). In conclusion, the increase of sustainability and efficiency in mass-rearing of mealworms is possible by using appropriate diets on respective stages; bran-based diets for reproduction and chicken feed-based diets for larval growth.

scholarly journals A Proteomic- and Bioinformatic-Based Identification of Specific Allergens from Edible Insects: Probes for Future Detection as Food Ingredients

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Annick Barre ◽  
Carole Pichereaux ◽  
Mathias Simplicien ◽  
Odile Burlet-Schiltz ◽  
Hervé Benoist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Chemosensory Protein ◽  
Food And Feed

The increasing development of edible insect flours as alternative sources of proteins added to food and feed products for improving their nutritional value, necessitates an accurate evaluation of their possible adverse side-effects, especially for individuals suffering from food allergies. Using a proteomic- and bioinformatic-based approach, the diversity of proteins occurring in currently consumed edible insects such as silkworm (Bombyx mori), cricket (Acheta domesticus), African migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), and giant milworm beetle (Zophobas atratus), was investigated. Most of them consist of phylogenetically-related protein allergens widely distributed in the different groups of arthropods (mites, insects, crustaceans) and mollusks. However, a few proteins belonging to discrete protein families including the chemosensory protein, hexamerin, and the odorant-binding protein, emerged as proteins highly specific for edible insects. To a lesser extent, other proteins such as apolipophorin III, the larval cuticle protein, and the receptor for activated protein kinase, also exhibited a rather good specificity for edible insects. These proteins, that are apparently missing or much less represented in other groups of arthropods, mollusks and nematods, share well conserved amino acid sequences and very similar three-dimensional structures. Owing to their ability to trigger allergic responses in sensitized people, they should be used as probes for the specific detection of insect proteins as food ingredients in various food products and thus, to assess their food safety, especially for people allergic to edible insects.

Cricket powder as an alternative protein source for broilers based on in vitro digestibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kovitvadhi ◽  
P. Chundang ◽  
J. Luapan ◽  
P. Amarapitak ◽  
P. Sriyaphai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Crude Enzyme Extract ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

Pathogen contamination in fishmeal (FM) and the imbalanced amino acid profile in soya meal (SYM) are the disadvantages of the common protein sources in broiler diets. Therefore, FM, SYM and three species of cricket powder (Acheta domesticus: AD, Gryllus testaceus: GT and Gryllus bimaculatus: GB) were screened based on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DMd), organic matter (OMd) and crude protein (CPd) to assess whether these insects could be a sustainable alternative protein source for broiler nutrition. Stomach mucosa, duodenal mucosa and pancreas were extracted from broilers to obtain crude enzyme extract (CTX) using two stages of in vitro digestibility. The first stage was performed using gastric mucosa CTX, whereas CTX from the duodenal mucosa and pancreas were added for the second stage. SYM and GB had similar DMd, which were lower than FM, AD and GT (P<0.01). The highest OMd was observed in FM, followed by AD, GT, GB and SYM (P<0.01). A higher CPd was found in the crude protein calibration group (CPd-Cal), in which substrates were adjusted to obtain an equivalent crude protein level as the non-calibration group (CPd-Non). Interestingly, a strong correlation (r=0.99, P<0.01) was found between CPd-Cal and CPd-Non, with the highest CPd presented in FM, followed by SYM, AD, GB and GT (P<0.01). A significant negative correlation was found between the CPd from both groups (CPd-Cal and CPd-Non) and crude fibre (r=-0.96 and -0.95, P<0.05, respectively), whereas a positive correlation was observed for ash (r=0.91 and 0.93, P<0.05, respectively). AD has great potential as a protein source for broilers, greater than other cricket species, based on its DMd, OMd and CPd. However, the CPd of all insect species was lower than that of FM and SYM. Therefore, pre-treatment protocols should be performed to improve nutrient utilisation.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the genome and host range characteristics of two insect iridoviruses: Chilo iridescent virus and a cricket iridovirus isolate

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Jakob ◽  
R. G. Kleespies ◽  
C. A. Tidona ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
H. R. Gelderblom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Frog Virus ◽  
Iridescent Virus ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Early Protein

The iridovirus isolate termed cricket iridovirus (CrIV) was isolated in 1996 from Gryllus campestris L. and Acheta domesticus L. (both Orthoptera, Gryllidae). CrIV DNA shows distinct DNA restriction patterns different from those known for Insect iridescent virus type 6 (IIV-6). This observation led to the assumption that CrIV might be a new species within the family Iridoviridae. CrIV can be transmitted perorally to orthopteran species, resulting in specific, fatal diseases. These species include Gryllus bimaculatus L. and the African migratory locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Analysis of genomic and host range properties of this isolate was carried out in comparison to those known for IIV-6. Host range studies of CrIV and IIV-6 revealed no differences in the peroral susceptibility in all insect species and developmental stages tested to date. Different gene loci of the IIV-6 genome were analyzed, including the major capsid protein (274L), thymidylate synthase (225R), an exonuclease (012L), DNA polymerase (037L), ATPase (075L), DNA ligase (205R) and the open reading frame 339L, which is homologous to the immediate-early protein ICP-46 of frog virus 3. The average identity of the selected viral genes and their gene products was found to be 95·98 and 95·18% at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. These data led to the conclusion that CrIV and IIV-6 are not different species within the Iridoviridae family and that CrIV must be considered to be a variant and/or a novel strain of IIV-6.

scholarly journals Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor Larvae) as an Alternative Protein Source for Monogastric Animal: A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2068
Author(s):  
Jinsu Hong ◽  
Taehee Han ◽  
Yoo Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Monogastric Animal ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor Larvae

Edible insects have been used as an alternative protein source for food and animal feed, and the market size for edible insects has increased. Tenebrio molitor larvae, also known as mealworm and yellow mealworm, are considered a good protein source with nutritional value, digestibility, flavor, and a functional ability. Additionally, they are easy to breed and feed for having a stable protein content, regardless of their diets. Therefore, T. molitor larvae have been produced industrially as feed for pets, zoo animals, and even for production animals. To maintain the nutrient composition and safety of T. molitor larvae, slaughtering (heating or freezing) and post-slaughtering (drying and grinding) procedures should be improved for animal feed. T. molitor larvae are also processed with defatting or hydrolysis before grinding. They have a high quality and quantity of protein and amino acid profile, so are considered a highly sustainable protein source for replacing soybean meal or fishmeal. T. molitor has a chitin in its cuticle, which is an indigestible fiber with positive effects on the immune system. In studies of poultry, the supplementation of T. molitor larvae improved the growth performance of broiler chickens, without having negative effects on carcass traits, whereas some studies have reported that there were no significant differences in the growth performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. In studies of swine, the supplementation of T. molitor larvae improved the growth performance and protein utilization of weaning pigs. Furthermore, 10% of T. molitor larvae showed greater amino acid digestibility than conventional animal proteins in growing pigs. However, there are some challenges regarding the biosafety, consumer’s acceptance, and price for the use of T. moiltor larvae in animal feed. Consequently, T. molitor larvae could be used as an alternative or sustainable protein source in monogastric animal feed with a consideration of the nutritional values, biosafety, consumer’s acceptance, and market price of T. molitor larvae products.

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