Individual Scent-Marks of Nest Entrances in the Solitary Bee, Osmia cornuta (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

The ability to recognize the own nest is a basic skill in nest constructing solitary bees. Osmia cornuta females use a dual mechanism of visual orientation to approach a nest and olfactory verification of the tube when entering it. Occupied tubular cavities were steadily marked by the resident female. Nest marking substances originate from Dufour’s gland and cuticle, enriched by external volatiles. Scent tags were dominated by alkanes and alkenes in a species-specific mixture enriched by small amounts of fatty acid esters, alcohols, and aldehydes. The individual nest tags are sufficiently variable but do not match perfectly with the nesting female. Furthermore, tags are not consistent over time, although females continue in marking. Besides the correct position of the entrance in space, bees have to learn also the bouquet of the used cavity and update their internal template at each visit to recognize their own nest by its actual smell. Due to the dominance of the species-specific hydrocarbon pattern, nest marks may function not only as an occupied sign but may also provide information on the species affiliation and constitution of the nest owner.

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Triterpenoids in Epicuticular Waxes of Three European Euphorbia Species

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1988-11-1202 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 43 (11-12) ◽

pp. 799-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Herbert Hemmers ◽

Paul-Gerhard Gülz ◽

Franz-Josef Marner

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Esters ◽

Epicuticular Waxes ◽

Primary Alcohols ◽

Pentacyclic Triterpenoids ◽

Lupeol Acetate ◽

The Common ◽

Species Specific ◽

Acid Esters

Abstract The epicuticular leaf waxes from E. characias, E. nicaeensis and E. peplus were found to contain pentacyclic triterpenoids in great amounts in addition to the common lipid wax constituents: alkanes, wax esters, aldehydes, primary alcohols and fatty acids. The gross amount of triterpenoids were triterpenols, however, their acetates and fatty acid esters as well as the corresponding ketones were found, too. Distinctive variations in the occurrence of 13 triterpenoids α- and β-amyrin, lupeol, germanicol, α-fernenol, simiarenol, β-amyrinone, lupenone, lupeol acetate, lupeol esters, α- and β-amyrin esters and α-fernenol esters were observed. Therefore all Euphorbia species showed very species specific compositions concerning these triterpenoids.

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Development of the determination methods of fatty acid esters of chloropropanediols in fat-rich foods

Chinese Journal of Chromatography ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1123.2012.09002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 95-101

Author(s):

Xiaobo YAN ◽

Shaoming WU ◽

Nan LI ◽

Huadong LV ◽

Wusheng FU

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Esters ◽

Determination Methods ◽

Acid Esters

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Bionanomaterials: Thermal Stability of the Oleic Acid / alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin Complexes

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.08.9.1955 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 59 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniel I. Hadaruga ◽

Nicoleta G. Hadaruga ◽

Anca Hermenean ◽

Adrian Rivis ◽

Vasile Paslaru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Solution Method ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Water Solution ◽

Fatty Acid Esters ◽

Cyclodextrin Complexes ◽

Free Oleic Acid ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Acid Esters

This paper presents the thermal stability of the oleic acid encapsulated in a- and b - cyclodextrin. The complexation of the oleic acid was achieved by the ethanol-water solution method and the nanoparticles were analyzed by DSC. The free oleic acid and the encapsulated one were subjected to the thermal degradation in the range of 50-150�C and the degradation products were identified and quantified by GC-MS analysis of the fatty acid esters obtained by deriving with methanol/boron trifluoride, both for free compounds and for the encapsulated ones. The oleic acid complexes were very stable in this range of temperature.

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Mesomorphic Behaviour of Saturated and Monounsaturated C18 and C22 Fatty Acid Esters of Cholesterol

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19940833 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 833-840

Author(s):

Slavomír Pirkl

Keyword(s):

Phase Transitions ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Esters ◽

Aliphatic Esters ◽

Acid Esters

The phase transitions and effective optical rotary power of saturated and monounsaturated aliphatic esters of cholesterol with 18 and 22 carbon atoms in the chain have been described. The effect of cis/trans isomerism on these properties is discussed.

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The occurrence of long chain polyprenols in leaves of plants of Rosaceae family and their isolation by time-extended liquid chromatography

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/o92-068 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 448-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ewa Świeżewska ◽

T. Chojnacki ◽

W. J. Jankowski ◽

K. Singh ◽

J. Olsson

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fatty Acid Esters ◽

Large Scale Preparation ◽

Scale Preparation ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Rosaceae Family ◽

Acid Esters ◽

Long Chain

The long chain polyprenols composed of 30 and more isoprene units from leaves of plants belonging to the genera Potentilla and Rosa have been described. They occur in the form of fatty acid esters. The composition of polyprenol mixture was species dependent and its content reached ca. 0.5% wet weight. Large scale preparation of individual polyprenols from a natural polyprenol mixture was performed using time-extended liquid chromatography on the hydrophobic gel Lipidex-5000.Key words: long chain polyprenols, Rosaceae.

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In Search of Effective Anticancer Agents—Novel Sugar Esters Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoate Monomers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22137238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 7238

Author(s):

Wojciech Snoch ◽

Dawid Wnuk ◽

Tomasz Witko ◽

Jakub Staroń ◽

Andrzej J. Bojarski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anticancer Agents ◽

Prostate Cancer Cell ◽

Fatty Acid Esters ◽

Skin Melanoma ◽

Cancer Treatments ◽

Sugar Esters ◽

Hydroxylated Fatty Acids ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Metastatic Process ◽

Acid Esters

Cancer is one of the deadliest illness globally. Searching for new solutions in cancer treatments is essential because commonly used mixed, targeted and personalized therapies are sometimes not sufficient or are too expensive for common patients. Sugar fatty acid esters (SFAEs) are already well-known as promising candidates for an alternative medical tool. The manuscript brings the reader closer to methods of obtaining various SFAEs using combined biological, chemical and enzymatic methods. It presents how modification of SFAE’s hydrophobic chains can influence their cytotoxicity against human skin melanoma and prostate cancer cell lines. The compound’s cytotoxicity was determined by an MTT assay, which followed an assessment of SFAEs’ potential metastatic properties in concentrations below IC50 values. Despite relatively high IC50 values (63.3–1737.6 μM) of the newly synthesized SFAE, they can compete with other sugar esters already described in the literature. The chosen bioactives caused low polymerization of microtubules and the depolymerization of actin filaments in nontoxic levels, which suggest an apoptotic rather than metastatic process. Altogether, cancer cells showed no propensity for metastasis after treating them with SFAE. They confirmed that lactose-based compounds seem the most promising surfactants among tested sugar esters. This manuscript creates a benchmark for creation of novel anticancer agents based on 3-hydroxylated fatty acids of bacterial origin.

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Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Alters the Expression of Male Mouse Scent Proteins

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13061180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1180

Author(s):

Michael B. A. Oldstone ◽

Brian C. Ware ◽

Amanda Davidson ◽

Mark C. Prescott ◽

Robert J. Beynon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mate Selection ◽

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽

T Cell Response ◽

Mature Male ◽

Cytotoxic T Cell ◽

Scent Marks ◽

High Concentration ◽

Embryo Survival ◽

Major Urinary Proteins ◽

The Individual

Mature male mice produce a particularly high concentration of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in their scent marks that provide identity and status information to conspecifics. Darcin (MUP20) is inherently attractive to females and, by inducing rapid associative learning, leads to specific attraction to the individual male’s odour and location. Other polymorphic central MUPs, produced at much higher abundance, bind volatile ligands that are slowly released from a male’s scent marks, forming the male’s individual odour that females learn. Here, we show that infection of C57BL/6 males with LCMV WE variants (v2.2 or v54) alters MUP expression according to a male’s infection status and ability to clear the virus. MUP output is substantially reduced during acute adult infection with LCMV WE v2.2 and when males are persistently infected with LCMV WE v2.2 or v54. Infection differentially alters expression of darcin and, particularly, suppresses expression of a male’s central MUP signature. However, following clearance of acute v2.2 infection through a robust virus-specific CD8 cytotoxic T cell response that leads to immunity to the virus, males regain their normal mature male MUP pattern and exhibit enhanced MUP output by 30 days post-infection relative to uninfected controls. We discuss the likely impact of these changes in male MUP signals on female attraction and mate selection. As LCMV infection during pregnancy can substantially reduce embryo survival and lead to lifelong infection in surviving offspring, we speculate that females use LCMV-induced changes in MUP expression both to avoid direct infection from a male and to select mates able to develop immunity to local variants that will be inherited by their offspring.

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Separation of Fatty Acid Dimethyl Esters on an Ionic Liquid Gas Chromatographic Column

Journal of Chromatographic Science ◽

10.1093/chromsci/bmaa097 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

R E Pauls ◽

B Pease

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Stationary Phases ◽

Carbon Number ◽

Fatty Acid Esters ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Isomer Separation ◽

Metathesis Reaction ◽

Polydimethyl Siloxane ◽

Acid Esters

Abstract An ionic liquid (IL) 111 column was compared with other commonly employed stationary phases including polydimethyl siloxane and polyethylene glycol for the separation of fatty acid monomethyl and dimethyl esters. The fatty acid esters employed in this study were derived from metathesis reactions of vegetable oils both with and without olefins. The IL 111 column demonstrated enhanced performance compared with conventional columns for the separation of these esters. These advantages included significantly enhanced retention of dimethyl esters relative to monomethyl esters, excellent cis/trans isomer separation and the ability to analyze higher carbon number dimethyl esters. As a result, these columns are highly suited for the analysis of mixtures of mono- and dimethyl fatty acid esters found in lipid metathesis reaction products or to determine monofunctional impurities in samples of commercial dimethyl esters.

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