scholarly journals Efficacy of compressed sodium chloride (CSC) against E. coli and Candida auris in minutes and methods improvement for testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan N. Truong ◽  
Brayden D. Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Antimicrobial Surfaces ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Point

AbstractControlling infections has become one of the biggest problems in the world, whether measured in lives lost or money spent. This is worsening as pathogens continue becoming resistant to therapeutics. Antimicrobial surfaces are one strategy being investigated in an attempt to decrease the spread of infections through the most common route of transmission: surfaces, including hands. Regulators have chosen two hours as the time point at which efficacy should be measured. The objectives of this study were to characterize the new antimicrobial surface compressed sodium chloride (CSC) so that its action may be understood at timepoints more relevant to real-time infection control, under two minutes; to develop a sensitive method to test efficacy at short time points; and to investigate antifungal properties for the first time. E. coli and Candida auris are added to surfaces, and the surfaces are monitored by contact plate, or by washing into collection vats. An improved method of testing antimicrobial efficacy is reported. Antimicrobial CSC achieves at least 99.9% reduction of E. coli in the first two minutes of contact, and at least 99% reduction of C. auris in one minute.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and Immune Response in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Demirci ◽  
Özge Ünlü ◽  
Akın Yiğin ◽  
Fadime Yıldız Zeyrek
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Receptor Binding Site ◽  
The Third ◽  
Protease Cleavage ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time

SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in Wuhan province of China for the first time in December 2019 and spread rapidly all over the world, is still causing an epidemic. SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus outbreak we encountered after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. Due to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, we have gained experience about the pathogenesis and immune responses of coronaviruses. However, studies have shown that, unlike the information derived from our experience, SARS-CoV-2 is both very infectious and its effect on cells is different. Therefore, we aimed to compile the data of the published studies on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting host immune response. In many studies, it has been reported that not only the presence of the host ACE2 receptor is sufficient for the infection of the host cell, but also the cleavage of the structural S protein by proteases should be materialized. It has been shown that, unlike SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it contains different protease cleavage systems and amino acid sequences in the ACE2 receptor binding site. In SARS-CoV-2 infection, as reported in studies conducted up to now, Th1 and Th2-mediated cytokine and chemokine levels in the host are different than SARS-CoV infection, and also different chemokines can be upregulated compared to other CoVs. Considering that effective vaccines have not been developed for the infectious RNA viruses despite the ongoing trials for many years, in order to reveal all these differences in the pathogenesis and immune response process and to develop effective antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 within a short time. the need for comprehensive studies on host immune response is evident.

scholarly journals Direct comparison of the specificity of gene silencing using antisense oligonucleotides and RNAi

2005 ◽  
Vol 388 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit BILANGES ◽  
David STOKOE
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Affymetrix Microarrays ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Interfering Rna ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gene Alterations ◽  
Time Point

RNAi (RNA interference) and ASO (antisense oligonucleotide) technologies are the most commonly used approaches for silencing gene expression. However, the specificity of such powerful tools is an important factor to correctly interpret the biological consequences of gene silencing. In the present study, we examined the effects of acute loss of Ser/Thr kinase PDK1 (3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1) expression using ASO and RNAi, and compared, for the first time, these two techniques using Affymetrix microarrays. We show that both ASO- and siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated knock-down of PDK1 expression strongly inhibited cell proliferation, although by different mechanisms, thereby questioning the specificity of these reagents. Using microarray analysis, we characterized the specificity of the ASO- and siRNA-mediated gene silencing of PDK1 by examining expression profiles 48 and 72 h following oligonucleotide transfection. At 48 h, a PDK1-dependent pattern of gene alterations was detectable, despite a large number of non-specific changes due to transfection of control nucleic acids. These non-specific alterations became more apparent at the 72 h time point, and obscured any PDK1-specific pattern. This study underscores the importance of defining appropriate control ASOs and siRNAs, using multiple oligonucleotides for each target and preferably short time points following transfection to avoid misinterpretation of the phenotype observed.

scholarly journals First Report of Enteroaggregative E. Coli Harbouring NDM-4 and NDM-7 From Asymptomatic Children in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Mahindroo ◽  
Vinay Modgil ◽  
Pankaj Chaudhary ◽  
Bhavneet Bharti ◽  
Balvinder Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
First Report ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
The World ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
First Time

Abstract For the first time in the world, we report Enteroaggregative E.coli harbouring blaNDM−4 and blaNDM−7 that were isolated from healthy children. NDM-4 and NDM-7 are associated with increased carbapenemase activity. Clonal spread, inter-strain and interspecies horizontal transfer of such resistant determinants in a healthy population will be a cause of concern.

Survival of Bioluminescent Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a Model System Representing Fermented Sausage Production

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALICIA IOMICKA ◽  
JINRU CHEN ◽  
SHAI BARBUT ◽  
MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Model System ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fermented Sausage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
American Style ◽  
Short Time

The combined effect of starter culture (107 CPU of lactic acid bacteria per ml), dextrose (0.8%), sodium chloride (2%), nitrite (200 ppm), and temperature (37 and 22°C) on survival of bioluminescent Escherichia coli O157:H7 (l00 to 105 CPU/ml) in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth was determined. Two model systems representing fermented sausage production were evaluated. The first was the “American style” employing high-temperature (37°C) and short-time (1-day) fermentation. The second was the “European style” in which 22°C was used for 3 days. After fermentation, the samples were stored at 10°C and the survival of E. coli O157:H7 was monitored over an extended period of time. In the “American style” model, E. coli O157:H7 survived a more than 34-day period in BHI containing starter culture and dextrose, while it survived for a more than 51-day period in BHI containing starter culture, dextrose, sodium chloride, and nitrite. In the “European style” model, the survival time of E. coli O157:H7 during fermentation was longer in BHI containing starter culture and dextrose than in BHI containing starter culture, dextrose, sodium chloride, and nitrite. E. coli O157:H7 did not survive past 9 days in BHI containing starter culture and dextrose. Similarly, in BHI containing starter culture, dextrose, sodium chloride, and nitrite the lower E. coli O157:H7 inoculations (l00 to 104 CFU/ml) did not survive past 9 days; however, at higher inoculum levels (≥105 CFU/ml) the organism survived more than 30 days. In conclusion, the lower temperature and longer fermentation time (“European style”) is better for elimination of E. coli O157:H7 from a model system representing a fermented sausage production than fermentation at high temperature and short time (“American style”).

SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV AND HBsAg AMONGST BLOOD DONORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CHHATTISGARH.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha P ◽  
Bankar Nandkishor J ◽  
Karan Jain ◽  
Ramdas Brahmane ◽  
Dhrubha Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

INTRODUCTION: India being the second highly populated nation in the world. HIV/AIDS has acquired pandemic proportion in the world. Estimate by WHO for current infection rate in Asia. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. HIV prevalence in the age group 15-49 yrs was an estimate of 0.2%. India has been classified as an intermediate in the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) endemic (HBsAg carriage 2-7%) zone with the second largest global pool of chronic HBV infections. Safety assessment of the blood supply, the quality of screening measures and the risk of transfusion transmitted infectious diseases (TTIs) in any country can be estimated by scrutinizing the files of blood donors. After the introduction of the blood banks and improved storage facilities, it became more extensively used. Blood is one of the major sources of TTIs like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and many other blood borne diseases. Disclosure of these threats brought a dramatic change in attitude of physicians and patients about blood transfusion. The objective of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections amidst voluntary blood donors at a rural tertiary healthcare teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out in Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, Kachandur, Durg. Blood donors were volunteers, or and commercial donors who donated the blood and paid by patients, their families, or friends to replace blood used or expected to be used for patients from the blood bank of the hospital. After proper donation of blood routine screening of blood was carried out according to standard protocol. Laboratory diagnosis of HIV 1 and HIV 2 was carried out by ELISA test. Hepatitis B surface antigen was screened by using ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 1915 consecutive blood donors’ sera were screened at Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, blood bank during study period. Of these 1914 were male and 1 female. The mean age of patients was found to be 29.34 years with standard deviation (SD) of 11.65 Years. Among all blood donors in present study, 759(39.63%) were first time donors and 1156(60.37%) were repeated donors. 1 patient was HIV positive in first donation group while 3 (75%) were positive in repeat donation group. 7 (38.9%) were HBsAg positive in in first donation group while 11(61.1%) were positive in repeat donation group. Two patients in first donation group had dual infection of HIV and HBsAg. CONCLUSION: Seropositivity was high in repeated donors as compared to first time donors. The incidence of HIV is observed to be 0.2% and that of HBsAg is 0.94%. Strict selection of blood donors should be done to avoid transfusion-transmissible infections during the window period.

First report of Rinamba opacicollis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) in India as parasitoid of coffee stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
A. Roobakkumar ◽  
H.G. Seetharama ◽  
P. Krishna Reddy ◽  
M.S. Uma ◽  
A. P. Ranjith
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Rinamba opacicollis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was collected from Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India for the first time from the larvae of white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat infesting arabica coffee. Its role in the biological or integrated control of X. quadripes remains to be evaluated. White stem borer could be the first host record of this parasitoid all over the world.

PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD PRODUCTION OF FEEDS FOR AQUACULTURE: ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
World Industry ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

The author of the article discloses the prospects of development of the world feed production for aquaculture based on the analysis of key innovative technological and market trends. The author specifies that shortage, high cost, low ecological compatibility of traditional raw materials - fish flour - are among major limiting factors in the development of production of feeds for aquaculture. This fact, in turn, limits sustainable development of aquaculture both in Russia, and in the world in general. The article presents the overview of a current status of the world industry of feed production in aquaculture, where the regional situation is studied, as well. For the first time, there is given the outlook of innovative technologies in feed production based on the alternative sources of protein (on the example of projects of leading aquabiotechnological companies) which will determine industry’s objectives for the mid-term perspective.

Rapid, Refined, and Robust Method for Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Recombinant Human Amyloid-beta M1-42

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Prakash ◽  
Travis Lantz ◽  
Krupal P. Jethava ◽  
Gaurav Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Short Time

Amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients primarily consists of amyloid beta 1-42 (Ab42). Commercially, Ab42 is synthetized using peptide synthesizers. We describe a robust methodology for expression of recombinant human Ab(M1-42) in Rosetta(DE3)pLysS and BL21(DE3)pLysS competent E. coli with refined and rapid analytical purification techniques. The peptide is isolated and purified from the transformed cells using an optimized set-up for reverse-phase HPLC protocol, using commonly available C18 columns, yielding high amounts of peptide (~15-20 mg per 1 L culture) in a short time. The recombinant Ab(M1-42) forms characteristic aggregates similar to synthetic Ab42 aggregates as verified by western blots and atomic force microscopy to warrant future biological use. Our rapid, refined, and robust technique to purify human Ab(M1-42) can be used to synthesize chemical probes for several downstream in vitro and in vivo assays to facilitate AD research.

History Turmoil And Politico-Cultural Conditions of the Sub-Continental Men In Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Gunasekaran N ◽  
Bhuvaneshwari S
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Salman Rushdie ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Midnight's Children ◽  
First Time

Salman Rushdie remains a major Indian writer in English. His birth coincides with the birth of a new modern nation on August 15, 1947. He has been justly labelled by the critics as a post-colonial writer who knows his trade well. His second novel Midnight’s Children was published in 1981 and it raised a storm in the hitherto middle class world of fiction writing both in English and in vernaculars. Rushdie for the first time burst into the world of fiction with subversive themes like impurity, illegitimacy, plurality and hybridity. He understands that a civilization called India may be profitably understood as a dream, a collage of many colours, a blending of cultures and nationalities, a pluralistic society and in no way unitary.

PERCEPTION AND INTERPRETATION OF CREATIVITY OF ALISHER NAVOI IN FRENCH ORIENTAL STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Mukhammadjon Holbekov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Precious Stones

The great Uzbek poet Alisher Navoi(1441-1501), during his lifetime, was widely known not only in his homeland, but also far beyond its borders. A contemporary and biographer of Navoi, the famous historian Hondemir, of course, not without some hyperbole, wrote: "He (Navoi -M.Kh.) in a short time took the cane of primacy from his peers; the fame of his talents spread to all ends of the world, and the stories of the firmness of his noble mind from mouth to mouth were innumerable.The pearls of his poetry adorned the leaves of the Book of Fates, the precious stones of his poetry filled the shells of the universe with pearls of beauty

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