scholarly journals Prevalence of Sarcopenia Employing Population-Specific Cut-Points: Cross-Sectional Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Sophia X. Sui ◽  
Kara L. Holloway-Kew ◽  
Natalie K. Hyde ◽  
Lana J. Williams ◽  
Monica C. Tembo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
European Working ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Geelong Osteoporosis Study

Background: Prevalence estimates for sarcopenia vary depending on the ascertainment criteria and thresholds applied. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia using two international definitions but employing Australian population-specific cut-points. Methods: Participants (n = 665; 323 women) aged 60–96 years old were from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured by dynamometers and appendicular lean mass (ALM) by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical performance was assessed using gait speed (GS, men only) and/or the timed up-and-go (TUG) test. Using cut-points equivalent to two standard deviations (SDs) below the mean young reference range from the same population and recommendations from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), sarcopenia was identified by low ALM/height2 (<5.30 kg for women; <6.94 kg for men) + low HGS (<16 kg women; <31 kg men); low ALM/height2 + slow TUG (>9.3 s); low ALM/height2 + slow GS (<0.8 m/s). For the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) equivalent, sarcopenia was identified as low ALM/BMI (<0.512 m2 women, <0.827 m2 men) + low HGS (<16 kg women, <31 kg men). Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were also applied to determine optimal cut-points for ALM/BMI (<0.579 m2 women, <0.913 m2 men) that discriminated poor physical performance. Prevalence estimates were standardized to the Australian population and compared to estimates using international thresholds. Results: Using population-specific cut-points and low ALM/height2 + HGS, point-estimates for sarcopenia prevalence were 0.9% for women and 2.9% for men. Using ALM/height2 + TUG, prevalence was 2.5% for women and 4.1% for men, and using ALM/height2 + GS, sarcopenia was identified for 1.6% of men. Using ALM/BMI + HGS, prevalence estimates were 5.5–10.4% for women and 11.6–18.4% for men. Conclusions: This study highlights the range of prevalence estimates that result from employing different criteria for sarcopenia. While population-specific criteria could be pertinent for some populations, a consensus is needed to identify which deficits in skeletal muscle health are important for establishing an operational definition for sarcopenia.

scholarly journals The contribution of musculoskeletal factors to physical frailty: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C. Tembo ◽  
Mohammadreza Mohebbi ◽  
Kara L. Holloway-Kew ◽  
James Gaston ◽  
Sophia X. Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Prior Fracture ◽  
Geelong Osteoporosis Study ◽  
Individual Contributions

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal conditions and physical frailty have overlapping constructs. We aimed to quantify individual contributions of musculoskeletal factors to frailty. Methods Participants included 347 men and 360 women aged ≥60 yr (median ages; 70.8 (66.1–78.6) and 71.0 (65.2–77.5), respectively) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Frailty was defined as ≥3, pre-frail 1–2, and robust 0, of the following; unintentional weight loss, weakness, low physical activity, exhaustion, and slowness. Measures were made of femoral neck BMD, appendicular lean mass index (ALMI, kg/m2) and whole-body fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2) by DXA (Lunar), SOS, BUA and SI at the calcaneus (Lunar Achilles Insight) and handgrip strength by dynamometers. Binary and ordinal logistic regression models and AUROC curves were used to quantify the contribution of musculoskeletal parameters to frailty. Potential confounders included anthropometry, smoking, alcohol, prior fracture, FMI, SES and comorbidities. Results Overall, 54(15.6%) men and 62(17.2%) women were frail. In adjusted-binary logistic models, SI, ALMI and HGS were associated with frailty in men (OR = 0.73, 95%CI 0.53–1.01; OR=0.48, 0.34–0.68; and OR = 0.11, 0.06–0.22; respectively). Muscle measures (ALMI and HGS) contributed more to this association than did bone (SI) (AUROCs 0.77, 0.85 vs 0.71, respectively). In women, only HGS was associated with frailty in adjusted models (OR = 0.30 95%CI 0.20–0.45, AUROC = 0.83). In adjusted ordinal models, similar results were observed in men; for women, HGS and ALMI were associated with frailty (ordered OR = 0.30 95%CI 0.20–0.45; OR = 0.56, 0.40–0.80, respectively). Conclusion Muscle deficits appeared to contribute more than bone deficits to frailty. This may have implications for identifying potential musculoskeletal targets for preventing or managing the progression of frailty.

scholarly journals Functional and Clinical Characteristics for Predicting Sarcopenia in Institutionalised Older Adults: Identifying Tools for Clinical Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Cebrià i Iranzo ◽  
Anna Arnal-Gómez ◽  
Maria A. Tortosa-Chuliá ◽  
Mercè Balasch-Bernat ◽  
Silvia Forcano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Working ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hospital Stays

Background: Recently, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) has updated the sarcopenia definition based on objective evaluation of muscle strength, mass and physical performance. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between sarcopenia and clinical aspects such as functionality, comorbidity, polypharmacy, hospitalisations and falls in order to support sarcopenia screening in institutionalised older adults, as well as to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in this population using the EWGSOP2 new algorithm. Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted on institutionalised older adults (n = 132, 77.7% female, mean age 82 years). Application of the EWGSOP2 algorithm consisted of the SARC-F questionnaire, handgrip strength (HG), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Clinical study variables were: Barthel Index (BI), Abbreviated Charlson’s Comorbidity Index (ACCI), number of medications, hospital stays and falls. Results: Age, BI and ACCI were shown to be predictors of the EWGSOP2 sarcopenia definition (Nagelkerke’s R-square = 0.34), highlighting the ACCI. Sarcopenia was more prevalent in older adults aged over 85 (p = 0.005), but no differences were found according to gender (p = 0.512). Conclusion: BI and the ACCI can be considered predictors that guide healthcare professionals in early sarcopenia identification and therapeutic approach.

Sarcopenia Defined by Combining Height- and Weight-Adjusted Skeletal Muscle Indices is Closely Associated With Poor Physical Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nai-Hsin Meng ◽  
Chia-Ing Li ◽  
Chiu-Shong Liu ◽  
Wen-Yuan Lin ◽  
Chih-Hsueh Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
European Working

Objectives:To compare muscle strength and physical performance among subjects with and without sarcopenia of different definitions.Design:A population-based cross-sectional study.Participants:857 community residents aged 65 years or older.Methods:Sarcopenia was defined according to the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People consensus criteria. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured lean soft tissue mass. Sarcopenic participants with low height-adjusted or weight-adjusted skeletal muscle index (SMI) were classified as having h-sarcopenia or w-sarcopenia, respectively. Combined sarcopenia (c-sarcopenia) was defined as having either h- or w-sarcopenia. The participants underwent six physical performance tests: walking speed, timed up-and-go, six-minute walk, single-leg stance, timed chair stands, and flexibility test. The strength of five muscle groups was measured.Results:Participants with h-sarcopenia had lower weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and absolute muscle strength (p ≤ .001); those with w-sarcopenia had higher weight, BMI, fat mass (p < .001), and low relative muscle strength (p ≤ .003). Participants with c-sarcopenia had poorer performance in all physical performance tests, whereas h-sarcopenia and w-sarcopenia were associated with poor performance in four tests.Conclusion:Subjects with h- and w-sarcopenia differ significantly in terms of obesity indicators. Combining height- and weight-adjusted SMIs can be a feasible method to define sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Circulating levels of IGF1 are associated with muscle strength in middle-aged- and oldest-old women

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana G Taekema ◽  
Carolina H Y Ling ◽  
Gerard Jan Blauw ◽  
Carel G Meskers ◽  
Rudi G J Westendorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circulating Levels

ObjectiveIn aging populations, poor handgrip strength has been associated with physical disability and mortality. IGF1 is an important mediator of muscle growth and regeneration affecting muscle function. We studied the relationship between circulating levels of IGF1, its binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and handgrip strength and physical performance in middle-aged- and oldest-old subjects.DesignCross-sectional analysis in two different cohorts composed of middle-aged- (n=672, mean 63.9±6.7 years) and oldest-old subjects (n=272, all 89 years).MethodsHandgrip strength, functional performance and ability, and serum levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 were measured in all subjects and analyzed by linear regression for men and women separately.ResultsIGF1 and IGFBP3 levels declined with chronological age and were positively associated with handgrip strength in middle-aged- and oldest-old women (both, P<0.05), but not in men of either age group. Furthermore, higher serum levels of IGF1 were associated with slower walking speed in oldest-old men (P=0.012), and serum levels of IGFBP3 were positively associated with activities of daily living in the oldest-old women (P=0.002).ConclusionThe significant relationship between IGF1 levels and muscle strength found in women but not in men suggests a gender-specific influence of IGF1 on muscle strength. Further studies are necessary to test the relationship with physical performance.

Muscle strength cut-points for metabolic syndrome detection among adults and the elderly from Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Tiago Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
David Alejandro González-Chica ◽  
Eleonora D’Orsi ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cut Points

We aimed to determine cut-points for muscle strength based on metabolic syndrome diagnosis. This cross-sectional analysis comprised data from 2 cohorts in Brazil (EpiFloripa Adult, n = 626, 44.0 ± 11.1 years; EpiFloripa Aging, n = 365, 71.6 ± 6.1 years). Metabolic syndrome was assessed by relative handgrip strength (kgf/kg). Metabolic syndrome was defined as including ≥3 of the 5 metabolic abnormalities according to the Joint Interim Statement. Optimal cut-points from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were determined. Adjusted logistic regression was used to test the association between metabolic syndrome and the cut-points created. The cut-point identified for muscle strength was 1.07 kgf/kg (Youden index = 0.310; area under the curve (AUC)) = 0.693, 95% CI 0.614–0.764) for men and 0.73 kgf/kg (Youden index = 0.481; AUC = 0.768, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.709–0.821) for women (age group 25 to < 50 years). The best cut-points for men and women aged 50+ years were 0.99 kgf/kg (Youden index = 0.312; AUC = 0.651; 95% CI = 0.583–0.714) and 0.58 kgf/kg (Youden index = 0.378; AUC = 0.743; 95% CI = 0.696–0.786), respectively. Cut-points derived from ROC analysis have good discriminatory power for metabolic syndrome among adults aged 25 to <50 years but not for adults aged 50+ years. Novelty: First-line management recommendation for metabolic syndrome is lifestyle modification, including improvement of muscle strength. Cut-points for muscle strength levels according to sex and age range based on metabolic syndrome were created. Cut-points for muscle strength can assist in the identification of adults at risk for cardiometabolic disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Definitions and the Relationship With Strength and Physical Performance in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Purcell ◽  
Michelle Mackenzie ◽  
Thiago G. Barbosa-Silva ◽  
Isabelle J. Dionne ◽  
Sunita Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

Sarcopenic obesity is associated with several negative health outcomes. However, the prevalence of this condition – and the relationship to physical performance parameters – varies across definitions. The aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to describe the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity using different published definitions and their relationship with handgrip strength and walking speed in older Canadian adults. Individuals aged 65+ in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 11,803; 49.6% male, 50.4% female) were included. Body composition was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenic obesity was defined using 29 definitions. Low handgrip strength was identified as &lt; 27 kg in males and &lt; 16 kg in females and poor physical performance was defined as gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 0.1 to 85.3% in males, and from 0 to 80.4% in females. Sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength (p &lt; 0.05) in both males (14/17 definitions, 82.4%) and females (21/29 definitions, 72.4%). In very few definitions, sarcopenic obesity was associated with slow gait speed (males: 1/17 definitions [6.7%]; females: 2/29 [6.9%]). In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity varied greatly according to definitions and sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength.

scholarly journals Inflammatory markers, sarcopenia and its diagnostic criteria among the elderly: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Mello de Mattos Margutti ◽  
Natielen Jacques Schuch ◽  
Carla Helena Augustin Schwanke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
European Working

Abstract Objective: To identify the relationship between inflammatory markers and sarcopenia, and the diagnostic criteria of the condition among the elderly. Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the consultation of the PubMed and LILACS databases. Eligible original articles were those involving individuals aged 60 years or more, which investigated sarcopenia [low muscle mass (MM) associated with poor muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance, according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People consensus (EWGSOP)] or its diagnostic criteria, published in English or Portuguese, between 2010-2015. Results: Four articles were included in the review, the principle results of which were: the growth differentiation factor (GDF-15) exhibited a negative correlation with MM, handgrip strength and gait speed; the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) correlated positively with MM; follistatin exhibited a weak correlation with physical performance; activin A and myostatin did not correlate with the diagnostic criteria; the highest tercile of extracellular heat shock protein 72 (eHsp72) was associated with lower median levels of MM, handgrip strength and gait speed; elderly persons with low MM had higher serum ferritin concentrations; women with low MM exhibited lower serum concentration levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Conclusion: the six investigated inflammatory markers (GDF-15, IGF-1, follistatin, eHsp72, ferritin and CRP) were associated with the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, but not with sarcopenia itself. As research in this area is still developing, additional studies are required to broaden knowledge and eventually establish the role of these markers in the diagnosis and management of sarcopenia.

Optimal frequency of whole body vibration training for improving balance and physical performance in the older people with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552110505
Author(s):  
Ning Wei ◽  
Mengying Cai
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Frequency Group

Objective To explore the optimal frequency of whole-body vibration training for improving the balance and physical performance in older people with chronic stroke. Design a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting Two rehabilitation units in the Wuhan Brain Hospital in China. Participants A total of 78 seniors with chronic stroke. Interventions Low-frequency group (13 Hz), high-frequency group (26 Hz), and zero-frequency group (Standing on the vibration platform with 0 Hz) for 10 sessions of side-alternating WBV training. Main measures The timed-up-and-go test, five-repetition sit-to-stand test, 10-metre walking test, and Berg balance scale were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results Significant time × group interaction effects in five-repetition sit-to-stand test (p = 0.014) and timed-up-and-go test at self-preferred speed (p = 0.028) were observed. The high-frequency group outperformed the zero-frequency group in both five-repetition sit-to-stand test (p = 0.039) and timed-up-and-go test at self-preferred speed (p = 0.024) after 10-sessions training. The low-frequency group displayed only a significant improvement in five-repetition sit-to-stand test after training (p = 0.028). No significant within- or between-group changes were observed in the Berg balance scale and walking speed (p > 0.05). No significant group-difference were found between low-frequency and high-frequency groups. No adverse events were reported during study. Conclusions Compared with 13 Hz, 26 Hz had no more benefits on balance and physical performance in older people with chronic stroke.

scholarly journals Differences in sarcopenia prevalence between upper-body and lower-body based EWGSOP2 muscle strength criteria: the Tromsø study 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Johansson ◽  
Bjørn Heine Strand ◽  
Bente Morseth ◽  
Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
European Working

Abstract Background The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) recommends grip strength and chair stand tests to be used as primary defining measures. It is unclear how either test affects prevalence estimates. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 3498 community-dwelling participants (40–84 years) from the 7th Tromsø Study survey (2015–2016). We used grip strength, five-repetition chair stands, four-meter Walk Speed Test, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry measurements. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models and ROC-curves. Results Probable and confirmed sarcopenia prevalence was 1.3 and 4.4% based on grip strength and chair stands, respectively. There was very low agreement between grip strength and chair stand cut-offs (κ = 0.07), with only 4.3% of participants defined as having probable sarcopenia overlapping in the two criteria. Participants with grip strength-based sarcopenia had lower mean height, weight, waist circumference, and appendicular lean mass relative to body height (ALMheight2) than non-sarcopenic participants (all p < 0.001), after adjusting for multiple covariates. Conversely, participants with chair stand-based sarcopenia had similar height, higher weight, waist circumference and body fat% compared to non-sarcopenic participants (all p < 0.05). Area-under-curves (AUCs) for TUG-time were significantly larger when using chair stand instead of grip strength cut-offs (0.86, 95% CI 0.84–0.89 vs. 0.75, 95% CI 0.69–0.83). Conclusions Using chair stands instead of grip strength more than doubled probable sarcopenia prevalence across all ages. The two measures defined individuals of contradictory anthropometrics, body composition, and dissimilar physical function to have probable sarcopenia. Researchers should further evaluate the consequences of using different strength measures in the EWGSOP2 definition to classify sarcopenia.

scholarly journals 76 Comparison of Physical Performance in Older Fallers with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv18-iv27
Author(s):  
Yu Chi Heaw ◽  
Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh ◽  
Maw Pin Tan ◽  
Saravana Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Body Muscle ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
Scratch Tests

Abstract Introduction While mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a risk factor for falls in older adults, the effects of MCI on physical performance associated with MCI have not been adequately characterised. The aim of the study was to profile physical performance patterns associated with MCI. Methodology 53 older fallers (31 females, 22 males) from the Falls Clinic at Universiti Malaya Medical Centre, aged 60 years and above (76.5±6.6) were screened and categorised into 2 groups – with MCI and non-MCI – using a Visual Cognitive Assessment Test (VCAT) cut-off score of ≥23. Participants’ sociodemographic data were recorded. Participants performed the Senior Fitness Test that consisted of a battery of physical performance tests. Results Older fallers with MCI (n=26) had significantly (p&lt;0.05) poorer physical performance compared to the non-MCI (n=27) group in handgrip strength (16.7±4.8 vs 20.7±7.9 kg), Timed Up-and-Go (17.3±9.91 vs 9.54±2.10 s) and 2-minute walk (79.3±29.8 vs MCI 106.3±33.1 m) tests. There were no significant (p&gt;0.05) differences for the 30-second chair stand, chair sit-and-reach and back scratch tests. Conclusion Older fallers with MCI had poorer upper body muscle strength, balance and aerobic endurance compared to those with normal cognition. However, flexibility and lower body muscle strength were similar in older fallers with and without MCI. Further studies to evaluate specifically tailored interventions according to the pattern of physical impairment reported with MCI are needed.

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