Circulating levels of IGF1 are associated with muscle strength in middle-aged- and oldest-old women

ObjectiveIn aging populations, poor handgrip strength has been associated with physical disability and mortality. IGF1 is an important mediator of muscle growth and regeneration affecting muscle function. We studied the relationship between circulating levels of IGF1, its binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and handgrip strength and physical performance in middle-aged- and oldest-old subjects.DesignCross-sectional analysis in two different cohorts composed of middle-aged- (n=672, mean 63.9±6.7 years) and oldest-old subjects (n=272, all 89 years).MethodsHandgrip strength, functional performance and ability, and serum levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 were measured in all subjects and analyzed by linear regression for men and women separately.ResultsIGF1 and IGFBP3 levels declined with chronological age and were positively associated with handgrip strength in middle-aged- and oldest-old women (both, P<0.05), but not in men of either age group. Furthermore, higher serum levels of IGF1 were associated with slower walking speed in oldest-old men (P=0.012), and serum levels of IGFBP3 were positively associated with activities of daily living in the oldest-old women (P=0.002).ConclusionThe significant relationship between IGF1 levels and muscle strength found in women but not in men suggests a gender-specific influence of IGF1 on muscle strength. Further studies are necessary to test the relationship with physical performance.

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Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Definitions and the Relationship With Strength and Physical Performance in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2020.583825 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah A. Purcell ◽

Michelle Mackenzie ◽

Thiago G. Barbosa-Silva ◽

Isabelle J. Dionne ◽

Sunita Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Sarcopenic Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

X Ray ◽

The Relationship ◽

Negative Health Outcomes

Sarcopenic obesity is associated with several negative health outcomes. However, the prevalence of this condition – and the relationship to physical performance parameters – varies across definitions. The aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to describe the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity using different published definitions and their relationship with handgrip strength and walking speed in older Canadian adults. Individuals aged 65+ in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 11,803; 49.6% male, 50.4% female) were included. Body composition was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenic obesity was defined using 29 definitions. Low handgrip strength was identified as < 27 kg in males and < 16 kg in females and poor physical performance was defined as gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 0.1 to 85.3% in males, and from 0 to 80.4% in females. Sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength (p < 0.05) in both males (14/17 definitions, 82.4%) and females (21/29 definitions, 72.4%). In very few definitions, sarcopenic obesity was associated with slow gait speed (males: 1/17 definitions [6.7%]; females: 2/29 [6.9%]). In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity varied greatly according to definitions and sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength.

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Composite Uremic Load and Physical Performance in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12020135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 135

Author(s):

Karsten Vanden Wyngaert ◽

Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck ◽

Els Holvoet ◽

Patrick Calders ◽

Wim Van Biesen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Ridge Regression ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Uremic Toxins ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Impaired physical performance is common in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and is associated with poor prognosis. A patient relevant marker of adequacy of dialysis is lacking. Previous studies evaluated uremic toxicity by assessing the impact of different uremic toxins separately. However, such an approach is most likely not reflective of true uremic toxicity. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to examine if the uremic syndrome, estimated as one composite of different uremic toxins (facilitated by ridge regression method) to reflect the kinetic behavior during dialysis, is associated with physical performance in patients on HD. Levels of p-cresyl glucuronide and sulfate, indole-acetic acid, indoxyl sulfate, uric acid, hippuric acid, and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid were assessed and associated by ridge regression to muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, and measures of balance and coordination. 75 HD patients were included (mean age 68 years, 57% male). The composite of different uremic toxins (i.e., uremic load) explained 22% of the variance in handgrip strength. Although there was an association between full body muscle strength and the composite uremic load independent of nutritional status, age and gender, the predictive power of composite uremic load for muscle weakness is limited. Single uremic toxins as well as composite uremic load were not associated with exercise capacity, coordination, and balance, indicating that the degree of uremia does not predict physical performance in patients on HD.

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Association between Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength with Physical Performance in Elderly in Surabaya

Surabaya Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.20473/spmrj.v2i1.2020.24-34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Titin Kristiana ◽

Novira Widajanti ◽

Rwahita Satyawati

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Positive Association ◽

The Elderly ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Weak Correlation ◽

Elderly Age ◽

Cross Sectional

ABSTRACTBackground: Sarcopenia is a decrease in muscle mass and strength that mostly happens in the elderly. Sarcopenia is a problem that is often found in the elderly who are at risk of disability, hospitalization and death. This data on muscle mass and strength with physical performance is expected to support the theory of sarcopenia and as a reference in promoting and preventing sarcopenia in elderly.Aims: To analyze the association between muscle mass and strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance assessed using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in an elderly community.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational analytic study involving 203 sample of elderly (age >60 years old). The subjects were categorized as the strong and weak muscle mass and muscle strength, also the high, moderate and low physical performance. We used Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) and hand dynamometer to measure muscle mass and muscle strength (handgrip strength). SPPB was used to assess physical performance.The association between muscle mass and strength with physical performance was displayed in bivariate analysis with chi square.Result: Of all 203 subjects, 57 were males and 146 were females. Chi square test showed association between muscle strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.001), with a weak correlation (r=0.26) and no association between muscle mass and physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.517).Conclusion: There is a positive association between muscle strength with physical performance, with a weak correlation and no association between muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly community in Surabaya.

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Thyroid hormone signaling is associated with physical performance, muscle mass, and strength in a cohort of oldest-old: results from the Mugello study

GeroScience ◽

10.1007/s11357-020-00302-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Angelo Di Iorio ◽

Roberto Paganelli ◽

Michele Abate ◽

Giovanni Barassi ◽

Alex Ireland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Central Italy ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Muscle Aging

AbstractThyroid hormones (THs) play a crucial role in the homeostasis of muscle function, such as myogenesis and energy metabolism, suggesting that the thyroid may be also involved in the entropic processes of muscle aging. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of TH signaling on physical performance, muscle mass, and strength in a cohort of community-dwelling oldest-old subjects (> 90 years). The study population was selected in a rural area of central Italy (Mugello, Tuscany), and the design was cross-sectional. Four hundred seventy-five subjects (130 males and 345 females) were enrolled, representing about 65% of all the nonagenarians living in the Mugello area. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors (sex, age, diabetes, and levothyroxine administration), the lowest quartile of FT3/FT4 ratio distribution showed lower physical performance compared to the other quartiles (β ± SE: − 0.49 ± 0.12; p < 0.001), whereas the highest quartile of FT3/FT4 ratio was associated with higher skeletal muscle index (β ± SE: 1.11 ± 0.42; p = 0.009). In addition, the lowest quartile of FT4 showed a statistically significant higher handgrip strength (β ± SE: 1.78 ± 0.68; p = 0.009) compared to all other quartiles. This study demonstrates that nonagenarians with higher FT3/FT4 ratios had better preserved muscle function, therefore successfully overcoming the imbalance of homeostatic and entropic processes involved in muscle aging. However, we could not establish a cause-effect relationship due to the cross-sectional design of the study.

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Anthropometric, physical function and general health markers of Masters athletes: a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3768 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3768 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Samantha Fien ◽

Mike Climstein ◽

Clodagh Quilter ◽

Georgina Buckley ◽

Timothy Henwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Function ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

General Health ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Male And Female ◽

Masters Athletes

Once the general decline in muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance falls below specific thresholds, the middle aged or older adult will be diagnosed as having sarcopenia (a loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength). Sarcopenia contributes to a range of adverse events in older age including disability, hospitalisation, institutionalisation and falls. One potentially relevant but understudied population for sarcopenia researchers would be Masters athletes. Masters sport is becoming more common as it allows athletes (typically 40 years and older) the opportunity to participate in individual and/or team sports against individuals of similar age. This study examined a variety of measures of anthropometric, physical function and general health markers in the male and female Masters athletes who competed at the 2014 Pan Pacific Masters Games held on the Gold Coast, Australia. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to collect body fat percentage, fat mass and fat-free mass; with body mass, height, body mass index (BMI) and sarcopenic status also recorded. Physical function was quantified by handgrip strength and habitual walking speed; with general health described by the number of chronic diseases and prescribed medications. Between group analyses utilised ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests to examine the effect of age group (40–49, 50–59, 60–69 and >70 years old) on the outcome measures for the entire sample as well as the male and female sub-groups. A total of 156 athletes (78 male, 78 female; mean 55.7 years) provided informed consent to participate in this study. These athletes possessed substantially better anthropometric, physical function and general health characteristics than the literature for their less physically active age-matched peers. No Masters athletes were categorised as being sarcopenic, although one participant had below normal physical performance and six participants had below normal muscle strength. In contrast, significant age-related reductions in handgrip strength and increases in the number of chronic diseases and prescribed medications were observed for the overall cohort as well as the male and female sub-groups. Nevertheless, even those aged over 70 years only averaged one chronic disease and one prescribed medication. These results may suggest that participation in Masters sport helps to maintain anthropometry, physical function and general health in middle-aged and older adults. However, it is also possible that only healthier middle-aged and older adults with favourable body composition and physical function may be able to participate in Masters sport. Future research should therefore utilise longitudinal research designs to determine the health and functional benefits of Master sports participation for middle-aged and older adults.

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Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo ◽

Noelia González-Gálvez ◽

Abraham López-Vivancos ◽

Alejandro Espeso-García ◽

Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Lower Body ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional

The revised European consensus defined sarcopenia as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and analyse the influence of diet, physical activity (PA) and obesity index as risk factors of each criteria of sarcopenia. A total of 629 European middle-aged and older adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics were assessed. Self-reported PA and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet questionnaire (PREDIMED), respectively. The functional assessment included handgrip strength, lower body muscle strength, gait speed and agility/dynamic balance. Of the participants, 4.84% to 7.33% showed probable sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was confirmed in 1.16% to 2.93% of participants. Severe sarcopenia was shown by 0.86% to 1.49% of participants. Male; age group ≤65 years; lower body mass index (BMI); high levels of vigorous PA; and the consumption of more than one portion per day of red meat, hamburgers, sausages or cold cuts and/or preferential consumption of rabbit, chicken or turkey instead of beef, pork, hamburgers or sausages (OR = 0.126–0.454; all p < 0.013) resulted as protective factors, and more time of sedentary time (OR = 1.608–2.368; p = 0.032–0.041) resulted as a risk factor for some criteria of sarcopenia. In conclusion, age, diet, PA, and obesity can affect the risk of having low muscle strength, low muscle mass or low functional performance, factors connected with sarcopenia.

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Association between Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength with Physical Performance in Elderly in Surabaya

Surabaya Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.20473/spmrj.v2i1.16313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Titin Kristiana ◽

Novira Widajanti ◽

Rwahita Satyawati

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Positive Association ◽

The Elderly ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Weak Correlation ◽

Elderly Age ◽

Cross Sectional

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Association between self-rated health and physical performance in middle-aged and older women from Northeast Brazil

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8876 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8876

Author(s):

Sabrina Gabrielle Gomes Fernandes ◽

Catherine M. Pirkle ◽

Tetine Sentell ◽

José Vilton Costa ◽

Alvaro Campos Cavalcanti Maciel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Older Women ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Low Income ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Eyes Open ◽

The Relationship

Background Self-rated Health (SRH) is regarded as a simple and valid measure of a person’s health status, given its association to adverse health outcomes, including low physical performance in older populations. However, studies investigating these associations in low- and middle-income settings are scarce, especially for middle-aged populations. Understanding the validity of SRH in relation to objective health measures in low-income populations could assist in decision making about health policy and strategies, especially in under-resourced settings. Objective Assess the relationship between SRH and physical performance measures in middle-aged and older women in a low-income setting of Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 571 middle-aged (40–59 years old) and older (60–80 years old) women living in Parnamirim and Santa Cruz in the Northeast region of Brazil. Participants reported their health status and were allocated to the “SRH good” or “SRH poor” groups. The physical performance evaluation included: handgrip strength, one-legged balance with eyes open and closed and chair stand test. The relationship between SRH and physical performance for middle-aged and older women was assessed by quantile regression (modeling medians) adjusted for potential confounders (age, socioeconomic variables, body mass index, menopause status, age at first birth, parity, chronic conditions and physical activity). Results Middle-aged women from the “SRH good” group presented better physical performance with 1.75 kgf stronger handgrip strength (95% CI [0.47–3.02]; p = 0.004), 1.31 s longer balance with eyes closed ([0.00–2.61]; p = 0.030), and they were 0.56 s faster in the chair stand test ([0.18–0.94]; p = 0.009) than those who reported “SRH poor”. No association was found for balance with eyes open. For older women, there was no evidence of associations between physical performance and SRH. Conclusion This study showed that SRH is significantly associated with objective measures of physical performance in a sample of low-income middle-aged women. SRH can be an important tool to indicate the need for further evaluation of physical performance among middle-aged women and can be particularly useful for low-income communities.

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Serum Vitamin D Level Associates With Handgrip Muscle Strength Among Ethiopian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0379572117724545 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 54-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tolassa Wakayo ◽

Tefera Belachew ◽

Susan J. Whiting

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D

Background: Despite varying serum levels of 25(OH)D among schoolchildren in Ethiopia, data are lacking whether this affects their muscle function as measured by handgrip strength of these children. Handgrip strength may be used as a proxy indicator of muscle strength and function. This study evaluated the association between serum levels of 25(OH)D and handgrip strength among schoolchildren in Ethiopia. Methods: The study used a data set from a school-based cross-sectional study conducted on a total of 174 randomly selected schoolchildren from urban (N = 89) and rural (N = 85) settings of Adama Town and Adama Woreda, respectively. Handgrip strength, serum 25(OH)D levels, and anthropometry were measured for each child following standard procedures, while data on demographic characteristics of children and their parents were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A multivariable linear regression model was used to determine the association between serum vitamin D level and handgrip strength after adjusting for other predictors. Results: The mean handgrip muscle strength of the students was 17.6 ± 6.9 kg. The average serum 25(OH)D for the group was 54.5 ± 15.8 nmol/L. On multivariable linear regression model, serum 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with handgrip strength (β = 0.06, P = .008) of the children after controlling for potential confounders. Other variables, female gender (β = −2.20, P = .004), age (β = 1.97, P < .001), height (β = .22, P < .001), weight (β = 0.33, P < .001), and triceps skinfold thickness (β = −0.19, P = .023), were identified to have significant association with handgrip strength of schoolchildren. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D levels had significant positive association with handgrip strength of Ethiopian schoolchildren. The results imply the need for incorporating school nutrition education on consumption of foods rich in important nutrients including vitamin D-rich foods in the school curricula and also enhancing behavioral change communication toward exposure to sunlight in the school to produce adequate vitamin D. Further longitudinal study involving a larger sample is recommended to confirm the findings.

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Association between Changes in Nutrient Intake and Changes in Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in the SarcoPhAge Cohort

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113485 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3485

Author(s):

Laetitia Lengelé ◽

Pauline Moehlinger ◽

Olivier Bruyère ◽

Médéa Locquet ◽

Jean-Yves Reginster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Geriatric Conditions ◽

Performance Impairment ◽

Sectional Analysis

Muscle weakness and physical performance impairment are common geriatric conditions that raise morbidity and mortality. They are known to be affected by nutrition, but only a few longitudinal studies exist. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the association, over 3 years, between variations of nutrient intakes, as well as, on one side, the variations of handgrip strength, as a surrogate of muscle strength, and on the other side, the physical performance, assessed by gait speed. Participants from the SarcoPhAge study, a Belgian cohort of people aged 65 years and older, were asked to complete a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at the second (T2) and the fifth (T5) year of follow-up. Daily macro- and micronutrient intakes were measured and their changes in consumption over the three years of follow-up were then calculated. The association between changes in nutrients consumption and the variations in muscle parameters were investigated through multiple linear regressions. Out of the 534 participants included in the cohort, 238 had complete data at T2 and T5 (median age of 72.0 years (70.0–78.0 years), 60.9% women). In the cross-sectional analysis, calories, omega-3 fatty acids, potassium, and vitamins D, A, and K intakes were positively correlated with muscle strength. In the longitudinal analysis, neither the gait speed nor the muscle strength changes were significantly impacted by the variations. Other longitudinal investigations with longer follow-up are required to improve knowledge about these interrelations.

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