Application of Vibrational Spectroscopies in the Qualitative Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Optical vibrational techniques show a high potentiality in many biomedical fields for their characteristics of high sensitivity in revealing detailed information on composition, structure, and molecular interaction with reduced analysis time. In the last years, we have used these techniques for investigating gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and periodontal ligament (PDL) during orthodontic tooth treatment. The analysis with Raman and infrared signals of GCF and PDL samples highlighted that different days of orthodontic force application causes modifications in the molecular secondary structure at specific wavenumbers related to the Amide I, Amide III, CH deformation, and CH3/CH2. In the present review, we report the most relevant results and a brief description of the experimental techniques and data analysis procedure in order to evidence that the vibrational spectroscopies could be a potential useful tool for an immediate monitoring of the individual patient’s response to the orthodontic tooth movement, aiming to more personalized treatment reducing any side effects.

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Amide I Band Analysis Applied to Vibrational Micro-Spectroscopies of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Samples for Orthodontic Treatment Monitoring

Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.3390/ecsa-8-11266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Carlo Camerlingo ◽

Ludovica Nucci ◽

Fabrizia D’Apuzzo ◽

Vincenzo Grassia ◽

Letizia Perillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Deconvolution Analysis ◽

Surface Enhanced ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman ◽

Vibrational Spectroscopies ◽

The Individual ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Vibrational micro-spectroscopies were applied to investigate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for monitoring orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The GCF samples were investigated using Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and surface-enhanced Raman micro-spectroscopies. The GCF spectra collected at different times of orthodontic tooth movement were used to characterize the biochemical changes occurring during the treatment. We examined the amide I band region by means of deconvolution analysis using Gaussian–Lorentzian curves for infrared spectra and Lorentzian curves for Raman spectra. This analysis allowed us to evidence the contribution of the different subcomponents of the amide I band and the changes occurring during orthodontic treatment. These changes can be ascribed to modifications in the secondary structure of protein content and could contribute to make vibrational spectroscopies a useful tool for monitoring the individual patient’s response to orthodontic force application.

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Levels of RANKL and OPG in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement and effect of compression force on releases from periodontal ligament cells in vitro

Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research ◽

10.1111/j.1601-6343.2006.00340.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

Y Nishijima ◽

M Yamaguchi ◽

T Kojima ◽

N Aihara ◽

R Nakajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽

Compression Force ◽

Crevicular Fluid

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Evaluation of IL1β and IL6 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels during the Early Phase of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Adolescents and Young Adults

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11020521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 521

Author(s):

Simina Chelărescu ◽

Petra Șurlin ◽

Mioara Decusară ◽

Mădălina Oprică ◽

Eugen Bud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Early Stage ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Background: The crevicular fluid analysis represents a useful diagnosis tool, with the help of which noninvasive cellular metabolic activity can be analyzed. The aim of the study is to investigate comparatively IL1β and IL6 in the gingival crevicular fluid of clinically healthy adolescents and young adults during the acute phase of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 20 patients (aged between 11 and 28) undergoing orthodontic treatment. Measurements were taken before (T0) and after 24 h after distalization forces were activated (T1). IL1β and IL 6 were analyzed using Elisa tests. The statistical tests used were two-sided t tests. Results: Between the two time periods there was a significant raise both in the crevicular fluid rate (0.57 µL at T0 vs. 0.95 µL at T1, p = 0.001) and in IL1β levels (15.67 pg/µL at T0 vs. 27.94 pg/µL at T1, p = 0.009). We were able to identify IL6 only in a third of the sites. There is a significantly increased level of ILβ at T1 in adolescents, more than in young adults (42.96 pg/µL vs. 17.93 pg/µL, p = 0.006). Conclusions: In the early stage of orthodontic treatment, the periodontal tissues of adolescents are more responsive to orthodontic forces than those of young adults.

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