scholarly journals Evaluation of IL1β and IL6 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels during the Early Phase of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Adolescents and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Simina Chelărescu ◽  
Petra Șurlin ◽  
Mioara Decusară ◽  
Mădălina Oprică ◽  
Eugen Bud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background: The crevicular fluid analysis represents a useful diagnosis tool, with the help of which noninvasive cellular metabolic activity can be analyzed. The aim of the study is to investigate comparatively IL1β and IL6 in the gingival crevicular fluid of clinically healthy adolescents and young adults during the acute phase of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 20 patients (aged between 11 and 28) undergoing orthodontic treatment. Measurements were taken before (T0) and after 24 h after distalization forces were activated (T1). IL1β and IL 6 were analyzed using Elisa tests. The statistical tests used were two-sided t tests. Results: Between the two time periods there was a significant raise both in the crevicular fluid rate (0.57 µL at T0 vs. 0.95 µL at T1, p = 0.001) and in IL1β levels (15.67 pg/µL at T0 vs. 27.94 pg/µL at T1, p = 0.009). We were able to identify IL6 only in a third of the sites. There is a significantly increased level of ILβ at T1 in adolescents, more than in young adults (42.96 pg/µL vs. 17.93 pg/µL, p = 0.006). Conclusions: In the early stage of orthodontic treatment, the periodontal tissues of adolescents are more responsive to orthodontic forces than those of young adults.

scholarly journals Differences in IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid during acute phase of orthodontic tooth movement between juveniles and young adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amila Vujacic ◽  
Aleksandra Konic ◽  
Jasna Pavlovic ◽  
Vera Todorovic ◽  
Vladanka Vukicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background/Aim. There is little information, about the difference in cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), between juveniles (children) and young adults (adults). The aim of this study was to examine the levels of interleukins IL-1? and IL- 6 in GCF of these two age groups during the acute phase of OTM. Methods. The subjects, 10 children and 10 adults, underwent OTM of a single tooth, with an untreated antagonistic tooth used as the control group. GCF was sampled from both the control and treatment sites right before the beginning (the baseline) and 24 h, 72 h and 168 h upon initiation of OTM. Cytokine levels were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The levels of both GCF IL-1? and IL-6 showed a bimodal peak during early phase of OTM, at 24 h and 168 h, in both age groups. As the statistic has shown, the increase in IL-1? levels was more prominent after 168 h in treated teeth of children, compared to both children?s control teeth and treated teeth of adults, whilst the GCF IL-6 levels in the same group increased significantly after 24 h, as well as after 168 h, approximately 70 and 55 fold, respectively. In the same time periods the increase of IL-6 levels in GCF of adults was notably lesser, averaging approximately 5 and 10 fold, respectively, compared to the control teeth. In addition, the amount of tooth movement was statistically larger for children than for adults 168 hours upon the initiation of OTM. Conclusion. GCF IL-1? and IL-6 were increasingly expressed during initial phase of OTM in both children and adults. However, excretory response of cytokines in children?s GCF, especially the concentration of IL-6, was at a significantly higher level than that of adults?, which accords to the finding that the initial OTM is faster in children.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-34 expression in gingival crevicular fluid correlated with orthodontic tooth movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-706
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Weilong Zheng ◽  
Ting Lin
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Level ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Objectives To explore the expression of miR-34a and its effect on expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Materials and Methods Twenty patients, age 12–18 years old, who underwent orthodontic treatment were enrolled. The expression of miR-34a and MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-14) were detected in gingival crevicular fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction at different time points. The miR-34a mimics or inhibitors were transfected into human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells, and the MMP expression was measured by ELISA. Results The miR-34 expression in GCF on both the tension and pressure sides after orthodontic treatment were significantly downregulated, while the levels of MMPs were significantly upregulated compared with baseline level. The levels of miR-34 and MMPs returned to baseline level 3 months after orthodontic treatment. The expression of miR-34 was negatively correlated with the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14. After transfection with miR-34, the MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 expression by hPDL cells were significantly downregulated compared with miR-control and miR-34 inhibitor. Conclusions Downregulated miR-34 expression was positively correlated with MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 expression. The miR-34a transfection into hPDL cells inhibited expression of MMPs. The results suggest that miR-34a is involved in expression of MMPs during OTM.

ASSESSMENT OF LEPTIN CONCENTRATION IN GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID (GCF) DURING ORTHODONTIC TOOTH MOVEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Samir Jain ◽  
Dr. Abhishek Sinha ◽  
Dr. Anurag Rai ◽  
Dr. Sapna Jain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Keywords Leptin ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

The numbers of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have increased spectacularly from past several decades. During orthodontic tooth movement the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress is an acute inflammatory reaction. Mechanical stress from orthodontic appliances is believed to induce cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) to form biologically active substances, such as enzymes and cytokines, responsible for connective tissue remodeling. Biochemical analysis of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has provided a non-invasive model for investigating the cellular response of the underlying PDL during orthodontic tooth movement in vivo. In GCF, several substances such as interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, leptin, osteoprotegerin and alkaline phosphatase have been found to be significantly elevated in teeth under orthodontic forces compared with untreated control teeth. [14] Hence due to the above relevance the present study was planned for Assessment of Leptin Concentration in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) during Orthodontic Tooth Movement. The present study was planned in Department of Private Practioner, Swastik Dental Clinic and Orthodontic Centre Gaya. Total 10 cases of orthodontic of age 13 – 15 years were evaluated in the present study. For each subject, a maxillary cuspid undergoing distal orthodontic tooth movement was used as an experimental tooth, and the contralateral cuspids served as control tooth. Orthodontic brackets were placed on the canines. Experimental canines were moved in the distal direction through an archwire by use of an elastic chain exerting an initial force of 250 g. The amount of tooth movement for each tooth was measured with digimaticcalipers. At the distal aspect of experimental and control teeth, GCF was collected for subsequent analysis and the following examinations of the periodontium were conducted: Probing depth, presence or absence of plaque, and bleeding on probing. The collection and examinations were conducted immediately before activation and at 1 hr, 1 day, and 7days after the initiation of tooth movement. The data generated from the present study concludes that concentration of leptin in the GCF is decreased by orthodontic tooth movement. Leptin may be one of the mediators associated with orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic tooth movement can be carried out without any significant destructive changes in investing tissues of the teeth provided oral hygiene is properly maintained. Keywords: Leptin Gingival crevicular fluid, GCF, orthodontic, etc.

scholarly journals Amide I Band Analysis Applied to Vibrational Micro-Spectroscopies of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Samples for Orthodontic Treatment Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Carlo Camerlingo ◽  
Ludovica Nucci ◽  
Fabrizia D’Apuzzo ◽  
Vincenzo Grassia ◽  
Letizia Perillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Deconvolution Analysis ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Vibrational micro-spectroscopies were applied to investigate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for monitoring orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The GCF samples were investigated using Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and surface-enhanced Raman micro-spectroscopies. The GCF spectra collected at different times of orthodontic tooth movement were used to characterize the biochemical changes occurring during the treatment. We examined the amide I band region by means of deconvolution analysis using Gaussian–Lorentzian curves for infrared spectra and Lorentzian curves for Raman spectra. This analysis allowed us to evidence the contribution of the different subcomponents of the amide I band and the changes occurring during orthodontic treatment. These changes can be ascribed to modifications in the secondary structure of protein content and could contribute to make vibrational spectroscopies a useful tool for monitoring the individual patient’s response to orthodontic force application.

scholarly journals Peran matriks metaloproteinase-8 pada cairan krevikuler gingiva selama pergerakan gigi ortodontik

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Susilowati Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Orthodontic treatment usually involves tooth movement. The orthodontic force as anextrinsic mechanical stimulus, evokes a biologic cellular response in the periodontalsupporting ligament. At early stage, it causes inflammation of periodontal tissuewhich is followed by the release of cytokines, T cell, B cell, and then MMP enzyme.MMP-8 (collagenase 2) is a member of matrixin subfamily plays an important role inperiodontal ligament remodeling. It has capability to maintain the cellular structure,integrity, activity, and function of extracellular matrix of periodontal tissue. The maincomponent of extracellular matrix is tissue protein, i.e. collagen, fibronectin, andglicosaminoglycan. During orthodontic tooth movement, collagen degradation occursin extracellular matrix of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. As a result, it enablesthe release of cells from extracellular environment, for example osteoblast moves toapposition and osteoclast to resorption sites that enable the tooth movement. Theexpression and level of MMP-8 can be assessed in the gingival crevicular fluid. Theaim of this review is to describe the role of MMP-8 in orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Periodontal Tissue Remodeling during Orthodontic Tooth Movement inMice and Men: Overview and Clinical Relevance

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizia d'Apuzzo ◽  
Salvatore Cappabianca ◽  
Domenico Ciavarella ◽  
Angela Monsurrò ◽  
Armando Silvestrini-Biavati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Orthodontic Movement ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Biologically active substances are expressed by cells within the periodontium in response to mechanical stimuli from orthodontic appliances. Several possible biomarkers representing biological modifications during specific phenomena as simile-inflammatory process, bone resorption and formation, periodontal ligament changes, and vascular and neural responses are proposed. Citations to potentially published trials were conducted by searching PubMed, Cochrane databases, and scientific textbooks. Additionally, hand searching and contact with experts in the area were undertaken to identify potentially relevant published and unpublished studies. Selection criteria were as follows: animal models involving only mice and rats undergoing orthodontic treatment; collection of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a noninvasively procedure for humans; no other simultaneous treatment that could affect experimental orthodontic movement. The data suggest that knowledge of the remodeling process occurring in periodontal tissues during orthodontic and orthopedic therapies may be a clinical usefulness procedure leading to proper choice of mechanical stress to improve and to shorten the period of treatment, avoiding adverse consequences. The relevance for clinicians of evaluating the rate of some substances as valid biomarkers of periodontal effects during orthodontic movement, by means of two models of study,mice and men, is underlined.

scholarly journals Application of Vibrational Spectroscopies in the Qualitative Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1405
Author(s):  
Fabrizia d’Apuzzo ◽  
Ludovica Nucci ◽  
Ines Delfino ◽  
Marianna Portaccio ◽  
Giuseppe Minervini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Data Analysis Procedure ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopies ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Optical vibrational techniques show a high potentiality in many biomedical fields for their characteristics of high sensitivity in revealing detailed information on composition, structure, and molecular interaction with reduced analysis time. In the last years, we have used these techniques for investigating gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and periodontal ligament (PDL) during orthodontic tooth treatment. The analysis with Raman and infrared signals of GCF and PDL samples highlighted that different days of orthodontic force application causes modifications in the molecular secondary structure at specific wavenumbers related to the Amide I, Amide III, CH deformation, and CH3/CH2. In the present review, we report the most relevant results and a brief description of the experimental techniques and data analysis procedure in order to evidence that the vibrational spectroscopies could be a potential useful tool for an immediate monitoring of the individual patient’s response to the orthodontic tooth movement, aiming to more personalized treatment reducing any side effects.

scholarly journals Saliva Leptin Levels in Tooth Movement during Initial Stage of Orthodontic Alignment: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Noraini Abu Bakar ◽  
Wisam Kamil ◽  
Lina Al Bayati ◽  
Basma Ezzat Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Initial Alignment ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: During orthodontic tooth movement, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress is an acute inflammatory reaction. Mechanical stress from orthodontic appliances is believed to induce cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) to form biologically active substances, such as enzymes and cytokines, responsible for connective tissue remodeling (Nishijima Y et al 2006). Leptin, a polypeptide hormone has been classified as a cytokine (Zhang et al 1994). Earlier findings concluded that leptin at high local concentrations protects the host from inflammation and infection as well as maintaining bone levels. It has been also suggested that leptin plays a significant role in bone formation by its direct effect on osteoblasts (Alparslan et al 2010). This pilot study aimed to study leptin in saliva and its association with tooth movement during initial orthodontic alignment. Objectives: To determine if there are any differences in saliva leptin level before and after orthodontic alignment. Material and methods: Ten orthodontic patients (7 girls and 3 boys; mean age, 16.76 ± 1.1 years) with crowding (up to 5mm) that required orthodontic fixed appliances, on a non-extraction basis as part of the treatment plan, were recruited in this longitudinal study. Orthodontic study models were constructed at baseline and at 6- weeks after orthodontic treatment commenced. Full fixed orthodontic appliances with initial 0.014” Nickel Titanium archwire placed. The amount of crowding was measured, before and after initial alignment with an electronic digital caliper (Max-Cal, Japan Micrometer Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) with an accuracy of up to 0.01mm. Unstimulated morning saliva sample were collected at all visits, after at least an 8-hour period of fasting and no-toothbrushing. After centrifugation (4000x g;10min), the samples were stored at -25C and tested using Leptin Abnova LEP Human ELISA kit (KA3080) which was subsequently analyzed. Subjects’ periodontal health status was also monitored throughout the study. Ethical approval (ID IREC 262) was received on 7th April 2014 from International Islamic University Malaysia Research Ethics Committee (IREC). Results: Leptin concentration in saliva was significantly decreased in a time-dependant manner (t(9)=8.60, p<0.001), from before orthodontic treatment (7016.45± 425.15 pg/mL) and 6 weeks after bond-up (4901.92±  238.64 pg/mL). Conclusion: Leptin concentration in saliva is decreased during orthodontic tooth movement in initial alignment stage.

scholarly journals Highly variable rate of orthodontic tooth movement measured by a novel 3D method correlates with gingival inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. de Gouyon Matignon de Pontouraude ◽  
Johannes W. Von den Hoff ◽  
Frank Baan ◽  
Robin Bruggink ◽  
Marjon Bloemen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Markers ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Gingival Inflammation

Abstract Objectives Individual orthodontic treatment duration is hard to predict. Individual biological factors are amongst factors influencing individual rate of orthodontically induced tooth movement (OTM). The study aim is to determine the rate of OTM by a novel 3D method and investigate parameters that may predict the rate of tooth movement. Materials and methods In this prospective cohort study, rate of OTM was determined from 90 three-dimensional intra-oral scans in 15 patients (aged 12–15) undergoing orthodontic treatment. For each patient, intra-oral scans were taken every week for up to 6 weeks (T0–T5). The teeth were segmented from the scans and the scans were superimposed on the palatal rugae. The rate of OTM was calculated for each tooth. Other parameters were gingival inflammation, contact-point displacement and the biological markers, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), MMP-9 and MMP-2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Results Our study showed a high variation in the rate of OTM, varying from 0.15 to 1.24 mm/week. Teeth in the anterior segment tended to move more compared with the posterior segment. The contact point displacement and gingival inflammation varied greatly amongst the patients. The MMPs measured did not correlate with tooth movement. However, the gingival inflammation index showed a significant correlation with OTM. Future studies should include other biological markers related to bone-remodeling. Conclusion This novel and efficient 3D method is suitable for measuring OTM and showed large individual variation in rate of OTM. Clinical relevance Patients show different rates of OTM. The rate of OTM in an individual patient can provide guidance in timing of follow-up appointments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document