scholarly journals COVID-19 and the Endocrine System: A Comprehensive Review on the Theme

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2920
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lisco ◽  
Anna De Tullio ◽  
Assunta Stragapede ◽  
Antonio Giovanni Solimando ◽  
Federica Albanese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
System A ◽  
Adequate Education ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
At Risk Populations

: Background and aim. The review aimed to summarize advances in the topic of endocrine diseases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods. Scientific and institutional websites and databases were searched and data were collected and organized, when plausible, to angle the discussion toward the following clinical issues. (1) Are patients with COVID-19 at higher risk of developing acute or late-onset endocrine diseases or dysfunction? (2) May the underlying endocrine diseases or dysfunctions be considered risk factors for poor prognosis once the infection has occurred? (3) Are there defined strategies to manage endocrine diseases despite pandemic-related constraints? Herein, the authors considered only relevant and more frequently observed endocrine diseases and disorders related to the hypothalamic-pituitary region, thyroid and parathyroid glands, calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and osteoporosis, adrenal glands, and gonads. Main. Data highlight the basis of some pathophysiological mechanisms and anatomical alterations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced endocrine dysfunctions. Some conditions, such as adrenal insufficiency and cortisol excess, may be risk factors of worse clinical progression once the infection has occurred. These at-risk populations may require adequate education to avoid the SARS-CoV-2 infection and adequately manage medical therapy during the pandemic, even in emergencies. Endocrine disease management underwent a palpable restraint, especially procedures requiring obligate access to healthcare facilities for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Strategies of clinical triage to prioritize medical consultations, laboratory, instrumental evaluations, and digital telehealth solutions should be implemented to better deal with this probably long-term situation.

Diabetes mellitus in anaesthesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadelis Giquel ◽  
Yiliam F Rodriguez-Blanco ◽  
Christina Matadial ◽  
Keith Candiotti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Operative Morbidity ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Collagen Tissue

Anaesthesiologists frequently encounter patients with diseases of the endocrine system, in particular diabetes mellitus. The major risk factors for people with diabetes undergoing surgery are the associated end-organ diseases: cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, joint collagen tissue, and immune deficiency. Due to the fact that endocrine diseases can be associated with significant peri-operative morbidity and mortality, it is critical that anaesthesiologists understand these disorders and when indicated request the appropriate investigations.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Effects of Severe Late-Onset Hyponatremia on Long-Term Growth of Prematurely Born Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Ji Sook Park ◽  
Seul-Ah Jeong ◽  
Jae Young Cho ◽  
Ji-Hyun Seo ◽  
Jae Young Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

Coronaviruses and Endocrine System: a Systematic Review on Evidences and Shadows

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Parolin ◽  
Matteo Parisotto ◽  
Francesca Zanchetta ◽  
Paola Sartorato ◽  
Ernesto De Menis
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
System A ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Tract Infections

: Coronaviruses are a big family of viruses that can infect mammalians and birds. In humans they mainly cause respiratory tract infections, with a large spectrum of severity, from mild, self-limited infections to highly lethal forms as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Scanty data are reported for the involvement of endocrine glands by human coronaviruses, in particular SARS-CoV-2. In this review we summarize endocrinological involvement by human coronaviruses, including data on animal coronaviruses. Avians, ferrets and bovine are affected by specific coronavirus syndromes, with variable involvement of endocrine glands. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as target receptor, so ACE2 plays a central role for viral transmission and initial organ involvement. Autoptic studies on SARS patients revealed that thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary gland, endocrine pancreas and especially adrenals and testis can be impaired by different mechanisms (direct damage by SARS-CoV, inflammation, vascular derangement and autoimmune reactions) and few clinical studies have evidenced functional endocrine impairment. Only few data are available for COVID-19 and gonads and endocrine pancreas seem to be involved. International endocrinological societies have brought some recommendations for COVID-19 pandemic but further studies need to be performed, especially to detect long-term hormonal sequelae.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the Endocrine System – a mini-review

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie A Clarke ◽  
Ali Abbara ◽  
Waljit S Dhillo
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
System A ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease

Abstract The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to exert a significant impact on global healthcare systems, causing devastating mortality and morbidity. As time passes and our understanding of this novel respiratory virus deepens, it is increasingly clear that its effects extend beyond that of the respiratory system. The coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, obtains cellular access through the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in a process requiring the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) protein. Both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are widely expressed in many endocrine glands. This, along with several case reports of thyroid and pituitary disruption in patients with COVID-19, has resulted in significant interest in its impact on the endocrine system. Indeed, as mortality is abated by the increasing availability of effective vaccines, there is increasing focus on the long-term effects on health in COVID-19 survivors. This review summarises data investigating the effects of COVID-19 on each of the endocrine axes to guide appropriate investigations and optimal management.

Predicting attrition in long-term residential substance use disorder treatment: A modifiable risk factors perspective.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-482
Author(s):  
Danielle E. Baker ◽  
Keith A. Edmonds ◽  
Maegan L. Calvert ◽  
Sarah M. Sanders ◽  
Ana J. Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽  
Disorder Treatment

NEONATAL SEPSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS: STUDY IN AVBRH HOSPITAL SAWANGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod P. Singhavi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid

Introduction: India has the highest incidence of clinical sepsis i.e.17,000/ 1,00,000 live births. In Neonatal sepsis septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis and urinary tract infections can be included. Mortality in the neonatal period each year account for 41% (3.6 million) of all deaths in children under 5 years and most of these deaths occur in low income countries and about one million of these deaths are due to infectious causes including neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. In early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) Clinical features are non-specific and are inefficient for identifying neonates with early-onset sepsis. Culture results take up to 48 hours and may give false-positive or low-yield results because of the antenatal antibiotic exposure. Reviews of risk factors has been used globally to guide the development of management guidelines for neonatal sepsis, and it is similarly recommended that such evidence be used to inform guideline development for management of neonatal sepsis. Material and Methods: This study was carried out using institution based cross section study . The total number neonates admitted in the hospital in given study period was 644, of which 234 were diagnosed for neonatal sepsis by the treating pediatrician based on the signs and symptoms during admission. The data was collected: Sociodemographic characteristics; maternal information; and neonatal information for neonatal sepsis like neonatal age on admission, sex, gestational age, birth weight, crying immediately at birth, and resuscitation at birth. Results: Out of 644 neonates admitted 234 (36.34%) were diagnosed for neonatal sepsis by the paediatrician based on the signs and symptoms during admission. Of the 234 neonates, 189 (80.77%) infants were in the age range of 0 to 7 days (Early onset sepsis) while 45 (19.23%) were aged between 8 and 28 days (Late onset sepsis). Male to female ratio in our study was 53.8% and 46% respectively. Out of total 126 male neonates 91(72.2%) were having early onset sepsis while 35 (27.8%) were late onset type. Out of total 108 female neonates 89(82.4%) were having early onset sepsis while 19 (17.6%) were late onset type. Maternal risk factors were identified in 103(57.2%) of early onset sepsis cases while in late onset sepsis cases were 11(20.4%). Foul smelling liquor in early onset sepsis and in late onset sepsis was 10(5.56%) and 2 (3.70%) respectively. In early onset sepsis cases maternal UTI, Meconium stained amniotic fluid, Multipara and Premature rupture of membrane was seen in 21(11.67%), 19 (10.56%), 20(11.11%) and 33 (18.33%) cases respectively. In late onset sepsis cases maternal UTI, Meconium stained amniotic fluid, Multipara and Premature rupture of membrane was seen in 2 (3.70%), 1(1.85%), 3 (5.56%) and 3 (5.56%) cases respectively. Conclusion: Maternal risk identification may help in the early identification and empirical antibiotic treatment in neonatal sepsis and thus mortality and morbidity can be reduced.

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