scholarly journals Improved Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer with an Electronic Nose: A Large Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 4984
Author(s):  
PierFrancesco Bassi ◽  
Luca Di Gianfrancesco ◽  
Luigi Salmaso ◽  
Mauro Ragonese ◽  
Giuseppe Palermo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Phase 2 Study ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) emits specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urine headspace that can be detected by an electronic nose. The diagnostic performance of an electronic nose in detecting BCa was investigated in a pilot study. Methods: A prospective, single-center, controlled, non-randomized, phase 2 study was carried out on 198 consecutive subjects (102 with proven BCa, 96 controls). Urine samples were evaluated with an electronic nose provided with 32 volatile gas analyzer sensors. The tests were repeated at least two times per sample. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and variability were evaluated using mainly the non-parametric combination method, permutation tests, and discriminant analysis classification. Results: Statistically significant differences between BCa patients and controls were reported by 28 (87.5%) of the 32 sensors. The overall discriminatory power, sensitivity, and specificity were 78.8%, 74.1%, and 76%, respectively; 13/96 (13.5%) controls and 29/102 (28.4%) BCa patients were misclassified as false positive and false negative, respectively. Where the most efficient sensors were selected, the sensitivity and specificity increased up to 91.1% (72.5–100) and 89.1% (81–95.8), respectively. None of the tumor characteristics represented independent predictors of device responsiveness. Conclusions: The electronic nose might represent a potentially reliable, quick, accurate, and cost-effective tool for non-invasive BCa diagnosis.

scholarly journals Improved non-invasive diagnosis of Bladder Cancer: A large pilot study with electronic nose

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e79
Author(s):  
P.F. Bassi ◽  
L. Di Gianfrancesco ◽  
M. Ragonese ◽  
E. Sacco ◽  
G. Palermo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Electronic Nose for Bladder Cancer Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Heena Tyagi ◽  
Emma Daulton ◽  
Ayman S. Bannaga ◽  
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam ◽  
James A. Covington
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Random Forest Classifier ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sparse Logistic Regression ◽  
High Separation

This study outlines the use of an electronic nose as a method for the detection of VOCs as biomarkers of bladder cancer. Here, an AlphaMOS FOX 4000 electronic nose was used for the analysis of urine samples from 15 bladder cancer and 41 non-cancerous patients. The FOX 4000 consists of 18 MOS sensors that were used to differentiate the two groups. The results obtained were analysed using s MultiSens Analyzer and RStudio. The results showed a high separation with sensitivity and specificity of 0.93 and 0.88, respectively, using a Sparse Logistic Regression and 0.93 and 0.76 using a Random Forest classifier. We conclude that the electronic nose shows potential for discriminating bladder cancer from non-cancer subjects using urine samples.

Electronic nose to distinguish bladder cancer by urinary odour feature: A pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Matsumoto ◽  
Yasukiyo Murakami ◽  
Yuriko Shimizu ◽  
Takahiro Hirayama ◽  
Wataru Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Electronic Nose

scholarly journals Urea-Fibrinogen Slide Coagulase Test – A Simple Alternative Method for the Rapid Identification of Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Binita Koirala Sharma ◽  
S Gokhale ◽  
K Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction: The accurate identification of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates requires a series of tests. Morphological features and slide coagulase test are two criteria on which S. aureus are identified. Resort to tube coagulase test is sought when results of slide coagulase test are equivocal or doubtful. Both coagulase tests detect the enzymes that convert fibrinogen into fibrin. Human, rabbit or sheep pooled plasma is used as substrate for both tests. Slide coagulase test is simpler and faster as compared to tube coagulase test. The plasma could be carrier of many human and animal pathogens like HIV, HBV, HCV etc. Storage of plasma for longer duration is fraught with chances of contamination. Improperly stored plasma can lead to false positive or negative results. Citrated plasma may be unsuitable for this test if contaminated with citrate utilizing bacteria. Considering the role of S. aureus as a common etiological agent in nosocomial and community infections, there is a need of implementing rapid, easy and cost-effective phenotypic test.Objectives: Considering the disadvantages and risks associated with fresh plasma, this study aims to launch for safer, more reliable substitute with longer shelf life that may provide reliable results for prompt identification of S. aureus by slide coagulase test.Methods: The present work evaluates slide coagulase test (SCT), and urea fibrinogen slide coagulase test (UF-SCT) for S. aureus detection considering Tube coagulase test (TCT) as the reference method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of SCT and UF-SCT were calculated using TCT as gold standard. Results: A total of 150 staphylococcal isolates from different clinical specimens ere selected for the evaluation of coagulase tests. All the specimens were subjected to SCT, UF-SCT and TCT. The UF-SCT showed better sensitivity (95.04%), specificity (100%), PPV (100%), and NPV (82.85%) with reference to TCT. UF-SCT showed similar sensitivity and specificity to SCT. None of the isolates were negative in UF-SCT and positive in SCT. Since UF-SCT does not incorporate plasma directly and at the same time has a very good sensitivity and specificity, it is recommended that UF-SCT could replace SCT for identification of S. aureus.Conclusion: The findings of present study shall encourage laboratories to use the urea-fibrinogen slide coagulase test routinely for the rapid identification of S aureus.Journal of Gandaki Medical College  Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, Page: 5-10

scholarly journals Arthroscopic and Low-Field MRI (0.25 T) Evaluation of Meniscus and Ligaments of Painful Knee

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish S Lokannavar ◽  
Xiaochun Yang ◽  
Harsha Guduru
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Low Field Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an accurate, non-invasive, cost-effective technique for examination of the soft tissue and osseous structures of the knee. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of low-field MRI by comparing the results with subsequent arthroscopy. Materials and Methods: MR imaging study of 146 patients was done using 0.25 T ESTOATE G-SCAN and the sequence used were SE, FSE and GRE in all the three planes. The comparison was based on five parameters: accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Result: Our study showed high accuracy (98.08%) and negative predictive value (98.62%) for MRI in comparison with arthroscopy. Conclusion: Low-field MRI alleviates the need of arthroscopy for detection of meniscus tears and ligament tears.

scholarly journals SAT-422 Evaluation of the Siemens Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI) Assay for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Graves’ Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Paul ◽  
Nadia Moledina ◽  
Jason Robinson ◽  
Alex Chin ◽  
Gregory A Kline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Abstract Background: Hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune condition caused by thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) autoantibodies. Autoantibodies to the TSHR can stimulate or block thyroid hormone production, therefore testing specifically for stimulating antibodies would be beneficial for diagnosis of GD. Objectives: The primary objective of the first phase of this trial is to assess the diagnostic capability of the Siemens Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI) immunoassay in diagnosing GD and to compare it with the Roche TSH Receptor Antibody (TRAb) assay. Design and Methods: Two hundred patients with suspected GD are being enrolled in this single-center multiphase prospective cohort study. Consenting patients undergo biochemical testing including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3 (FT3) and T4 (FT4), TRAb and TSI measurements. GD diagnosis was confirmed by endocrinologists that were blinded to TSI results. Results: To date, 85 patients were included in the analysis, of which 66 were diagnosed with GD. For the primary analysis, all patients taking anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) at time of sample collection (n=14) were removed. The respective sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) for TSI was 98, 84, 94 and 94%, which were comparable to those generated by TRAb (98, 95, 95, and 98%). In patients with clinical findings of GD (ie. orbitopathy or goiter, n=33), both the TSI and TRAb assays had identical sensitivity and specificity at 96% and 80% respectively. In patients without orbitopathy or goiter (n=38), the TSI assay had perfect sensitivity and excellent specificity of 100% and 86% respectively (TRAb had 100% sensitivity and specificity). Sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV were slightly lower for both TSI and TRAb in patients treated with ATDs compared to patients without treatment (TSI: 85, 84, 62, 95%; TRAb: 91, 95, 75, 98%). Of ten patients with GD and false negative TSI results, nine were on ATDs. Of this subset, four patients had discordant results between TSI (negative) and TRAb (positive). Notably, one of these patients had normalization of their FT3 and FT4 on the day of sample collection. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on our preliminary results, TSI is an excellent marker for diagnosing GD, particularly in untreated GD patients. The performance of the TSI assay has been comparable to the TRAb assay and correlates well with clinical findings. Discordant false negative results were only seen in patients on ATD. One potential explanation is that the TSI assay is detecting a decrease in stimulating autoantibodies when there is normalization of FT3 and FT4. Importantly, all discordant samples will be tested by a TSI bioassay to confirm diagnosis. Further patient enrollment is occurring, and prognostic assessment of these assays will soon be possible.

scholarly journals A large pilot study on the diagnostic performance of electronic nose in detecting Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. P26
Author(s):  
L. Di Gianfrancesco ◽  
M. Foti ◽  
M. Ragonese ◽  
G. Palermo ◽  
E. Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Diagnostic Performance

scholarly journals Carba NP as a simpler, rapid, cost-effective, and a more sensitive alternative to other phenotypic tests for detection of carbapenem resistance in routine diagnostic laboratories

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Shinde ◽  
Rajarshi Gupta ◽  
Shweta S. Raut ◽  
Gita Nataraj ◽  
Preeti R. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Reference Test ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Accuracy Rates

Abstract PURPOSE: Resistance to carbapenems due to carbapenemases has been increasingly noticed in Enterobacteriaceae. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) has recommended the latest Carba NP (CNP) test as a confirmatory test for carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceae. Low sensitivity of disk diffusion (DD) and modified Hodge test (MHT) may result in missing out of resistant strains which can adversely affect clinical management. The present study compares three phenotypic tests - CNP test, DD, and MHT for detection of carbapenemase production. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred consecutive, nonduplicate Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested for carbapenem resistance using ertapenem disc (10 μg) by Kirby–Bauer DD method, MHT, and CNP. These tests were performed and interpreted as per the CLSI standards. CNP was considered to be the reference test for comparison. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates for ertapenem DD and MHT were calculated. RESULTS: One hundred and six out of 400 strains were positive by CNP test. Of the 294 CNP-negative strains, 28 were resistant by DD and 18 were resistant by MHT. Of the 106 CNP-positive strains, 82 were resistant and 16 were intermediate by DD while 76 were positive by MHT ertapenem DD had a sensitivity and specificity of 66.04% and 90.48%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of MHT were 54.72% and 93.88%, respectively. There was considerable discordance between all the three tests. CONCLUSION: As a rapid, simple, and cost-effective test with a greater capability greater to detect carbapenemase producers, CNP can be implemented in routine diagnostic laboratories, thereby benefiting patient care and antimicrobial stewardship.

OP68 Value-Engineered Translation: An Example for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Andrew Sutton ◽  
John Lamont ◽  
R. Evans ◽  
Kate Williamson ◽  
Declan O'Rourke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stage Of Development

IntroductionThe Institute of Health Economics offers a suite of analyses that provide developers an understanding of the expected commercial viability of an early stage health technology. In combination, these analyses form the Value-Engineered Translation framework. These methods incorporate innovative methods to manage uncertainty in early economic evaluations, in particular, moving beyond current stochastic assessments of headroom to account for inter-market variability in value hurdles, as well as incorporating social value premia considerations. An illustration of these methods is demonstrated using the example of a non-invasive diagnostic test (called DCRSHP) at an early stage of development, compared to current practice of cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.MethodsCompeting technologies were identified to inform the headroom assessment based on price and effectiveness. Then, a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken incorporating headroom analysis, stochastic one-way sensitivity analysis, and value of information analysis using data from secondary sources.ResultsCurrently there are a number of non-invasive tests available, but none have sufficient test accuracy to be suitable for bladder cancer diagnosis alone. From the headroom analysis, DCRSHP can be priced at up to CAD 790 (i.e. USD 588) and still be cost-effective compared to the current practice of cystoscopy. Interestingly this price can be increased for patient groups that have lower levels of bladder cancer prevalence.ConclusionsThe requirements of economic evaluations depend on the stage of technology development, and analysis approaches must reflect this. The results here indicate that DCRSHP clears the value hurdle in terms of being cost-effective, and thus provides the opportunity to make a commercial return on future investment. Future analysis of DCRSHP could consider the cost drivers for development of the technology, including the regulatory pathways, costs associated with the intellectual asset management for the technology, and alternative manufacturing costs. All of which contribute to the research-to-practice continuum.

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