scholarly journals Molecular Imaging of Vulnerable Coronary Plaque with Radiolabeled Somatostatin Receptors (SSTR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5515
Author(s):  
Luz Kelly Anzola ◽  
Jose Nelson Rivera ◽  
Juan Carlos Ramirez ◽  
Alberto Signore ◽  
Fernando Mut
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Somatostatin Analogues ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Heart Attacks ◽  
Pet Radiopharmaceutical ◽  
Cellular Components

Atherosclerosis is responsible for the majority of heart attacks and is characterized by several modifications of the arterial wall including an inflammatory reaction. The silent course of atherosclerosis has made it necessary to develop predictors of disease complications before symptomatic lesions occur. Vulnerable to rupture atherosclerotic plaques are the target for molecular imaging. To this aim, different radiopharmaceuticals for PET/CT have emerged for the identification of high-risk plaques, with high specificity for the identification of the cellular components and pathophysiological status of plaques. By targeting specific receptors on activated macrophages in high-risk plaques, radiolabelled somatostatin analogues such as 68Ga-DOTA-TOC, TATE,0 or NOC have shown high relevance to detect vulnerable, atherosclerotic plaques. This PET radiopharmaceutical has been tested in several pre-clinical and clinical studies, as reviewed here, showing an important correlation with other risk factors.

Molecular Imaging of Oxidation-Specific Epitopes to Detect High-Risk Atherosclerotic Plaques

2014 ◽  
pp. 121-154
Author(s):  
Karen Briley-Saebo ◽  
Calvin Yeang ◽  
Joel R. Wilson ◽  
Sotirios Tsimikas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques

scholarly journals Detection of High-Risk Atherosclerotic Plaques with Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor on Activated Platelets

Theranostics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengcun Guo ◽  
Shuxin Shen ◽  
Junfen Wang ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Meiyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging

scholarly journals Molecular Imaging of High-Risk Atherosclerotic Plaques: Is It Clinically Translatable?

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Hee Hwang ◽  
Myung-Hee Kim ◽  
Kiyuk Chang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques

scholarly journals Better way to image and manage Neuroendocrine Tumours: Role of 68Gallium DOTA-Peptide PET-CT scan

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Shankar Kumar Dey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Somatostatin Analogues ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Receptor Scintigraphy ◽  
Pet Ct Scan

<p>Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are special entity of neoplasms arising from nervous and endocrine systems and involving variety of organs. Over expression of somatostatin receptors is an unique characteristic of these tumours. This allows molecular imaging to play a significant role in evaluation of NETs using somatostatin analogues. <sup>111</sup> In Pentetreotide scintigraphy has been playing a significant role as molecular imaging of choice to locate the primary tumor, evaluate extent of disease and plan for surgical management. Recently <sup>68 </sup>Ga labelled peptides have emerged as promising PET tracers for scintigraphy of these tumours. Several recent studies have demonstrated the superiority of <sup>68</sup>Ga DOTA- Peptide PET-CT scan with a number of advantages over conventional somatostatin receptor scintigraphy.</p><p>Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 20(2): 136-142, July 2017</p>

A comparison of three cryotechniques (freeze-drying, cryosubstitution, cryosectioning) of specimen preparation for immunolabelling of bacterial antigens of Coxiella burnetii

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
T. F. McCaul ◽  
R. J. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Bacterial Antigens ◽  
Structural Preservation ◽  
Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein ◽  
Cellular Components

Immuno-electron microscopy has allowed the selective localisation of molecules with high resolution and high specificity. Cryopreparatory methods have provided better retention of antigenicity suitable for precise immunolabelling together with optimal structural preservation of cellular components. Cryosubstitution and cryoultramicrotomy have widely been exploited for immunolabelling. Molecular Distillation Dryer (MDD), a form of freeze-drying technique, has recently been used for immunolabelling of Plasmodium falciparum stress proteins and nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in cultured cells. In the present study, we report the comparison of all three cryotechniques in the immunolabelling of bacterial antigens of Coxiella burnetii.The highly infectious C. burnetii was prefixed in 3% glutaraldehyde (66 mM cacodylate buffer, pH 6.8 ). The cells were then pre-embedded in 2% low-temperature agarose on Durapore hydrophilic membrane prior to cryofixation using a LifeCell CF100 metal-mirror system. A 1% glutaraldehyde in 100% methanol was used as a medium for cryosubstitution in a Reichert CS Auto Cryosubstitution apparatus.

Personalized stratification of back to work risk amidst COVID-19: A machine learning approach (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carson Lam ◽  
Jacob Calvert ◽  
Gina Barnes ◽  
Emily Pellegrini ◽  
Anna Lynn-Palevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Available P ◽  
Severe Illness

BACKGROUND In the wake of COVID-19, the United States has developed a three stage plan to outline the parameters to determine when states may reopen businesses and ease travel restrictions. The guidelines also identify subpopulations of Americans that should continue to stay at home due to being at high risk for severe disease should they contract COVID-19. These guidelines were based on population level demographics, rather than individual-level risk factors. As such, they may misidentify individuals at high risk for severe illness and who should therefore not return to work until vaccination or widespread serological testing is available. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated a machine learning algorithm for the prediction of serious illness due to COVID-19 using inpatient data collected from electronic health records. METHODS The algorithm was trained to identify patients for whom a diagnosis of COVID-19 was likely to result in hospitalization, and compared against four U.S policy-based criteria: age over 65, having a serious underlying health condition, age over 65 or having a serious underlying health condition, and age over 65 and having a serious underlying health condition. RESULTS This algorithm identified 80% of patients at risk for hospitalization due to COVID-19, versus at most 62% that are identified by government guidelines. The algorithm also achieved a high specificity of 95%, outperforming government guidelines. CONCLUSIONS This algorithm may help to enable a broad reopening of the American economy while ensuring that patients at high risk for serious disease remain home until vaccination and testing become available.

scholarly journals Clinical Relevance of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Beyond Coronary Artery Stenosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nooruddin Meah ◽  
Michelle C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Coronary Computed Tomography ◽  
Low Attenuation Plaque

Background The capabilities of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) have advanced significantly in the past decade. Its capacity to detect stenotic coronary arteries safely and consistently has led to a marked decline in invasive diagnostic angiography. However, CCTA can do much more than identify coronary artery stenoses. Method This review discusses applications of CCTA beyond coronary stenosis assessment, focusing in particular on the visual and quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic plaque. Results Established signs of visually assessed high-risk plaque on CT include positive remodeling, low-attenuation plaque, spotty calcification, and the napkin-ring sign, which correlate with the histological thin-cap fibroatheroma. Recently, quantification of plaque subtypes has further improved the assessment of coronary plaque on CT. Quantitatively assessed low-attenuation plaque, which correlates with the necrotic core of the thin-cap fibroatheroma, has demonstrated superiority over stenosis severity and coronary calcium score in predicting subsequent myocardial infarction. Current research aims to use radiomic and machine learning methods to further improve our understanding of high-risk atherosclerotic plaque subtypes identified on CCTA. Conclusion Despite rapid technological advances in the field of coronary computed tomography angiography, there remains a significant lag in routine clinical practice where use is often limited to lumenography. We summarize some of the most promising techniques that significantly improve the diagnostic and prognostic potential of CCTA. Key Points:  Citation Format

scholarly journals IVUS\IVPA Hybrid Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis in Atherosclerotic Plaques via RGDfk Peptide-Targeted Nanoprobes

2021 ◽  
pp. 100262
Author(s):  
Lejian Lin ◽  
Zhihua Xie ◽  
Mengqi Xu ◽  
Yabin Wang ◽  
Sulei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques

Abstract 2771: Incidence of High Risk Atherosclerotic Lesions in Intracranial and Extracranial Carotid Arteries in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A 3.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xihai Zhao ◽  
Huilin Zhao ◽  
Feiyu Li ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Ye Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Vascular Beds

Introduction Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in the intracranial and extracranial carotid arteries could trigger ischemic stroke. However, the incidence of high risk atherosclerotic lesions in these vascular beds is not well known. This study sought to investigate the incidence of high risk atherosclerotic lesions in intracranial and extracranial carotid arteries in stroke patients using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Methods Seventy-five patients (mean age 62.7 years, 56 males) with acute ischemic stroke underwent MR imaging for index carotid arteries, assigned as the same side as the brain lesions, with a Philips 3.0T MR scanner. Intracranial carotid MR angiography was performed using 3D TOF sequence with FOV of 23 × 23 cm 2 , matrix of 256 × 256, and a slice thickness of 1mm. The multi-contrast vessel wall images (3D TOF, T1W, T2W, and MP-RAGE) were acquired for extracranial carotid arteries with FOV of 14 × 14 cm 2 , matrix of 256 × 256, and slice thickness of 2 mm. The intracranial artery includes middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA). The extracranial carotid artery was divided into internal carotid artery (ICA), bulb, and common carotid artery (CCA). Luminal stenosis for each intracranial and extracranial carotid segment was measured and graded (normal or mild = 0-29%, moderate =30-69%, severe=70-99%). Normalized wall index (NWI = wall area/total vessel area × 100%), and presence/absence of calcification, lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and/or fibrous cap rupture in each extracranial carotid segment were determined. Results MCAs developed more severe stenotic lesions (24.6%), followed by extracranial carotids (16.5%), PCAs (5.4%), and ACAs (4.1%) in stroke patients ( Figure 1 A). For extracranial carotid arteries, ICAs showed the largest plaque burden as measured by NWI (44.3%±13.1%), followed by bulbs (39.4%±13%), and CCAs (37%±6.8%). Compared to CCAs, ICAs and bulb regions had more LRNCs (38.4% and 49.3% for ICA and bulb respectively) and IPH and/or rupture (11% and 9.6% for ICA and bulb respectively) ( Figure 1 B). Conclusions In patients with acute ischemic stroke, high risk atherosclerotic plaques can be found in both intracranial and extracranial carotid arteries, particularly in the MCA, ICA and bulb regions. Compared to extracranial carotid arteries, intracranial arteries develop more high risk lesions. The findings of this study suggest the necessity for early screening to detect high risk atherosclerotic lesions in these carotid vascular beds prior to cerebravascular events.

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