scholarly journals Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related MicroRNAs and Their Target Genes in Colorectal Cancerogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranković ◽  
Zidar ◽  
Žlajpah ◽  
Boštjančič
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Tumour Heterogeneity ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Zeb2 Expression ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
E Cadherin

MicroRNAs of the miR-200 family have been shown experimentally to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although EMT is the postulated mechanism of development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), there are still limited and controversial data on expression of miR-200 family and their target genes during CRC cancerogenesis. Our study included formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy samples of 40 patients (10 adenomas and 30 cases of CRC with corresponding normal mucosa). Expression of miR-141, miR-200a/b/c and miR-429 and their target genes (CDKN1B, ONECUT2, PTPN13, RND3, SOX2, TGFB2 and ZEB2) was analysed using quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of E-cadherin was analysed using immunohistochemistry. All miRNAs were down-regulated and their target genes showed the opposite expression in CRC compared to adenoma. Down-regulation of the miR-200 family at the invasive front in comparison to the central part of tumour was observed as well as a correlation of expression of miR-200b, CDKN1B, ONECUT2 and ZEB2 expression to nodal metastases. Expression of the miR-200 family and SOX2 also correlated with E-cadherin staining. These results suggest that the miR-200 family and their target genes contribute to progression of adenoma to CRC, invasive properties and development of metastases. Our results strongly support the postulated hypotheses of partial EMT and intra-tumour heterogeneity during CRC cancerogenesis.

scholarly journals E-Cadherin Expression in Canine Melanocytic Tumors: Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Survival Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 608-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serenella Silvestri ◽  
Ilaria Porcellato ◽  
Luca Mechelli ◽  
Laura Menchetti ◽  
Selina Iussich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tumor Thickness ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Clark Level ◽  
Melanocytic Tumors ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Favorable Clinical Outcome ◽  
E Cadherin

E-cadherin, a glycoprotein involved in cell-cell adhesion, has a pivotal role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process through which neoplastic epithelial cells develop an invasive phenotype. In human cutaneous melanomas, decreased E-cadherin expression is associated with shorter survival and increased Breslow thickness, whereas in the dog its role is poorly understood. Tumor thickness and modified Clark level were recently proposed as useful features to assess canine melanocytic tumors, but no studies investigated their association with E-cadherin expression. We performed immunohistochemistry on 77 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary canine melanocytic tumors. A 3-tier and a 2-tier classification system for assessing E-cadherin expression were tested, with the latter being more informative for the assessment of canine melanocytic tumors. E-cadherin expression was lower in cutaneous melanomas than melanocytomas, as well as in amelanotic tumors compared to pigmented tumors. In amelanotic melanomas, absent E-cadherin expression was associated with an unfavorable outcome, suggesting a potential use of this marker in defining the prognosis of amelanotic melanomas. E-cadherin expression was lower in tumors with greater tumor thickness and modified Clark level ≥IV, suggesting its possible utility in identifying the most invasive tumors. The expression of E-cadherin in oral melanomas was heterogeneous, but was associated with pigmentation and clinical outcome; thus, E-cadherin evaluation could be advantageous to detect the most aggressive neoplasms. However, cutaneous melanomas without E-cadherin expression frequently had a favorable clinical outcome. Hence, its importance as prognostic factor should be carefully considered depending on the tumor origin.

The role of miRNA-21 and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in colorectal cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelisa Jaca ◽  
Padmini Govender ◽  
Michael Locketz ◽  
Richard Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
E Cadherin

AimsThe study was conducted to assess the expression levels of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, snail-1 and vimentin) and miRNA-21. In addition, we correlated these data with clinicopathological features in Colorectal cancer.MethodsH&E slides from a total of 59 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks were examined by a pathologist to demarcate normal and tumour regions. Immunohistochemical analysis of mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6) and EMT markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, snail-1 and vimentin) was performed. The miRNA-21 expression levels were determined using qRT-PCR and the data was analysed using the relative quantification method. The Fisher's exact and Pearson's χ2 tests were used to correlate snail-1, E-cadherin, miRNA-21 and clinicopathological data.ResultsOur results showed a statistically significant correlation between high miRNA-21 expression levels and E-cadherin positive cases. There was also an association between high miRNA-21 expression levels and negative snail-1 expression. No significant correlation was seen between miRNA-21 expression levels and clinicopathological features. Moreover, high expression levels of miRNA-21 were significantly associated with the sporadic cases.ConclusionsOur data suggest that miRNA-21 in association with E-cadherin and snail-1 does not play a significant role in the development and progression of this disease.

scholarly journals The Association of Extravasated Platelet Aggregation With Clinical Futures in Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Its Correlation With EMT Markers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naghmeh Ahmadiankia ◽  
Maryam Yarmohammadi ◽  
Azam Hadi ◽  
Behnaz Jafari ◽  
Mozhgan Fazli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Emt Markers ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The theory of platelet role in cancer progression was recently introduced. We investigated the association of extravasated platelets in colorectal cancer with clinicopathological features, and also the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. We retrospectively analyzed data from 33 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery between 2013-2016. In formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, we evaluated the expression of a platelet-specific marker of CD42b and EMT markers using immunohistochemistry. The associations among the expression of the platelet‑specific marker in specimens, EMT, and clinicopathological futures were analyzed. The presence of platelets was observed in 15 out of 33 primary colorectal tumors (45%). According to multivariate analysis, CD42b expression was not correlated with clinical characteristics. Platelet-positive tumor cells did not show EMT marker expression. These data suggest that extravasated platelets may not have a central role in determining patient characteristics and clinical futures.

Histocytochemistry of Glycoconjugates in Nasal Inverted Papilloma

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Huang ◽  
Desheng Jing ◽  
Shuimiao Zhou ◽  
Zhaoji Li ◽  
Dalie Ma
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Papillary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Inverted Papilloma ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Glycoprotein Structure ◽  
Biologic Characterization ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
Inverted Papillomas

In order to investigate the changes in cellular distribution of the glycocalyces in nasal inverted papilloma, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of inverted papilloma were analyzed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique for the demonstration of peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptors, concanavalin A ( Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin; ConA) receptors, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and keratin, and compared with normal nasal mucosa, nasal polyps, and papillary adenocarcinoma. The inverted papillomas were positive for PNA and CEA, to the same degree as papillary adenocarcinoma. Their PNA binding was related to the degree of dysplasia. The ConA reaction was intermediate between that of normal mucosa and adenocarcinoma. The results suggest that the alteration of cellular glycoprotein structure in inverted papilloma is associated with its biologic characterization.

scholarly journals Effect of preservation time of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues on extractable DNA and RNA quantity

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052093125
Author(s):  
Qing-qing Yi ◽  
Rong Yang ◽  
Jun-feng Shi ◽  
Nai-yan Zeng ◽  
Dong-yu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Ffpe Tissues ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the quantity of DNA and RNA extractable from human formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues stored for different lengths of time. Methods We randomly selected 20 FFPE specimens harvested from hysteromyoma patients with uterine fibroids during 2010, 2015, and 2017 at the Department of Pathology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences. DNA and RNA extractions were performed using a DNA/RNA FFPE kit. DNA and RNA concentrations and their OD260/OD280 ratios were determined by a NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer. The human β-globin gene and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) gene were amplified from nucleic acids using a LightCycler 480 Real-Time PCR System, and PCR amplification products were electrophoresed on 1% agarose gels. Results Specimens that were stored for longer showed more degradation and a reduced concentration of DNA and RNA after nucleic acid extraction. However, there was no significant difference in DNA or RNA purity. β-globin and ALDH2 genes could be amplified from more than 99% of specimens. Conclusion We found that FFPE tissues stored for longer had a reduced quantity of extractable DNA and RNA. However, these tissues could be used for the analysis of some small target genes.

scholarly journals miR-590-3p and Its Downstream Target Genes in HCC Cell Lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mennatallah Elfar ◽  
Asma Amleh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
E Cadherin

miRNAs are small non-coding RNA sequences of 18-25 nucleotides. They can regulate different cellular pathways by acting on tumor suppressors, oncogenes, or both. miRNAs are mostly tissue-specific, and their expression varies depending on the cancer or the tissue in which they are found. hsa-miR-590-3p was found to be involved in several types of cancers. In this study, we identified potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p computationally. Several bioinformatics tools and more than one approach were used to identify potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p. CX3CL1, SOX2, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and FOXA2 were utilized as potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p. SNU449 and HepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, were used to carry out various molecular techniques to further validate our in silico results. mRNA and protein expression levels of these genes were detected using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Co-localization of hsa-miR-590-3p and its candidate downstream target gene, SOX2, was carried out using a miRNA in situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry staining through anti-SOX2. The results show that there is an inverse correlation between hsa-miR-590-3p expression and SOX2 protein expression in SNU449. Subsequently, we suggest that SOX2 can be a direct downstream target of has-miR-590-3p indicating that it may have a role in the self-renewal and self-maintenance of cancer cells. We also suggest that CX3CL1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and FOXA2 show a lot of potential as downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p signifying its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Studying the expression of hsa-miR-590-3p downstream targets can enrich our understanding of the cancer pathogenesis and how it can be used as a therapeutic tool.

Differential expression of N-cadherin in pleural mesotheliomas and E-cadherin in lung adenocarcinomas in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C Han ◽  
Alejandro Peralta-Soler ◽  
Karen A Knudsen ◽  
Margaret J Wheelock ◽  
Keith R Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinomas ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
E Cadherin

scholarly journals Snail and Sonic Hedgehog activation in neuroendocrine tumors of the ileum

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Fendrich ◽  
Jens Waldmann ◽  
Farzad Esni ◽  
Annette Ramaswamy ◽  
Michael Mullendore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Epithelial Cancers ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
E Cadherin

The transcription factor Snail represses E-cadherin and induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition, a process also exploited by invasive cancer cells. Aberrant Hedgehog (Hh) signaling was recently observed in a variety of epithelial cancers and it has been shown that the Hh target gene Gli1 induces expression of Snail. In this study, we examined whether Snail and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) are expressed in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the ileum. Using immunohistochemistry, we found expression of Snail in 22 out of 37 (59%) of evaluated NET samples, but not in adjacent normal tissues. Snail expression was mostly restricted to the invasive front of the tumors. Six of seven liver metastases analyzed were positive for Snail. Intratumoral expression of SHH was detected in 27 out of 37 (73%) tumors. As opposed to Snail, cells expressing SHH were found to be distributed more randomly throughout the tumors. Out of 30 primary NETs, 16 (53%) showed both Snail and SHH expression. Furthermore, we found downregulation of E-cadherin in Snail-expressing cells by immunofluorescence. Real-time RT-PCR revealed conservation of the Hh target genes Gli1, Gli2, and Ptch in the pancreatic carcinoid cell line BON-1, which were downregulated upon Hh inhibition with cyclopamine. Moreover, Hh inhibition attenuated in vitro cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, we describe for the first time that Snail and SHH are overexpressed in a large subset of NETs of the ileum. Aberrant activation of these pathways might be involved in invasion and metastatic spread in NETs.

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