A Study of Enamel Defects and Dental Caries of Permanent Dentition in School Children with Intellectual Disability

Data concerning the prevalence of developmental enamel defects and their association with dental caries in individuals with intellectual disability are scarce. This paper aims to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of developmental enamel defects and dental caries in the permanent dentition of special-care school children from Poznan (Poland). Out of 1091 students attending all special-care schools in the city, the study covered 268 subjects with intellectual disability (mild, moderate, severe, and profound) with permanent dentition, aged 10–20. One calibrated dentist performed dental examinations. The Statistica Software v10 was used for statistical analysis, assuming the level of statistical significance p ≤ 0.05. Among the subjects of the study, 19.40% presented developmental enamel defects. The number of teeth with changes ranged from 1 to 28, with maxillary incisors most frequently affected. Students without developmental enamel defects had more teeth observed with active caries compared to those with such changes (10.92% vs. 7.82%, p < 0.01). The highest number of students with developmental defects of enamel was observed in the group of individuals with mild intellectual disabilities. The present study revealed that in special-care students from Poznan, enamel defects and dental caries were frequently observed. However, individuals with developmental enamel defects did not show higher dental caries indices.

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Long-Term Survival of Enamel-Defect-Affected Teeth

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000510304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 350-357

Author(s):

Chuen Lin Hong ◽

Jonathan Mark Broadbent ◽

William Murray Thomson

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Term Survival ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

Enamel Defects ◽

Enamel Defect ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Health And Development ◽

Developmental Defects Of Enamel

There has been considerable research focussed on the occurrence and aetiology of developmental defects of enamel, but less is known about the extent to which enamel-defect-affected teeth may be at greater risk for dental caries. The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study is a prospective cohort study of 1,037 children born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973. Participants were examined for the presence of developmental defects of enamel at the age of 9 years and then repeatedly for the occurrence of dental caries through to the age of 45 years. After controlling for confounding variables, incisor teeth affected by demarcated opacities at the age of 9 were 3.4 times more likely to be restored than teeth unaffected by defects. Incisors with diffuse opacities and hypoplasia or combinations of defects were 2.8 times more likely to be restored. Molars with enamel defects of any type did not have any significantly different risk for being subsequently restored or lost due to caries than unaffected molars, except those affected by diffuse opacities, which were at 0.4 times the risk of being lost due to caries. Dental clinicians should be aware that enamel-defect-affected teeth are not necessarily at greater risk for tooth loss due to caries in the long term, but permanent incisors affected by enamel defects are at higher risk of receiving restorative intervention.

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Prevalence and Association of Developmental Defects of Enamel with, Dental- Caries and Nutritional Status in Pre-School Children, Lucknow

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2015/13401.6681 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pramod Kumar Yadav

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

School Children ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

Developmental Defects Of Enamel

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Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel among children with intellectual disability – A systematic review

Journal of Global Oral Health ◽

10.25259/jgoh_3_2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 49-53

Author(s):

C. S. Aarthy ◽

P. D. Madan Kumar

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Retardation ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Cochrane Review ◽

Case Series ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Normal Children ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

Enamel Defects ◽

Developmental Defects Of Enamel

The purpose of this review was formulated with an aim to understand the prevalence of enamel defects among ID children. An identical search was performed in PubMed, Google scholar, and Cochrane review and was limited to human studies and studies written in English. Reviews, case studies, and case series were excluded from the study. A total of 56 articles were identified. In PubMed 18 articles, Google scholar 29 articles and Cochrane review nine articles were found, respectively. In this, two studies (n = 2), dealt with the developmental defects of enamel with intellectual disability (ID)/mental retardation. This systematic review suggests that developmental defects of enamel was more common in ID children than normal children. A larger number of well designed studies are, however, needed to increase the validity of the studies.

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Enamel Defects in Maxillary Central Incisors of Infants with Unilateral Cleft Lip

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/08-044.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 420-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Alessandra Cristina Gomes ◽

Lucimara Teixeira das Neves ◽

Marcia Ribeiro Gomide

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Craniofacial Anomalies ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

Enamel Defects ◽

Tooth Cleaning ◽

Dental Mirror ◽

Developmental Defects Of Enamel ◽

Common Defect

Objective: To evaluate the presence of enamel alterations in deciduous maxillary central incisors of infants with unilateral cleft lip and alveolar ridge, with or without cleft palate, and to compare the occurrence and location of these alterations between the central incisor adjacent to the cleft and the contralateral incisor. Design: Intraoral clinical examination was performed after tooth cleaning and drying by a single examiner with the aid of a dental mirror, dental probe, and artificial light, with the child positioned on a dental chair. The defects were recorded in a standardized manner according to the criteria of the Modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRAC) at Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Patients: One hundred one infants were evaluated. All were white, of both genders, aged 12 to 36 months and had at least two thirds of the crowns of maxillary incisors erupted. Results: Demarcated opacity was the most common defect at both cleft and noncleft sides, followed by diffuse opacity. The occurrence of hypoplasia at the cleft side was 11.8%. Most defects affected less than one third of the crown. Conclusion: The occurrence of enamel defects in deciduous maxillary central incisors of patients with unilateral cleft lip was 42.6%, mainly affecting the cleft side as to both number and severity.

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Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in children and adolescents with asthma

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ◽

10.1590/s1806-37132009000400002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 295-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Rodrigho Pelisson Guergolette ◽

Cássia Cilene Dezan ◽

Wanda Terezinha Garbelini Frossard ◽

Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade Ferreira ◽

Alcindo Cerci Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

Dental Enamel ◽

Asthma Severity ◽

Control Group ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

Enamel Defects ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Asthma Patients ◽

Developmental Defects Of Enamel

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDEs) in relation to asthma severity, symptom onset and pharmacological treatment in pediatric asthma patients. METHODS: Children and adolescents (68 asthma patients and 68 controls), 5-15 years of age and residents of the city of Londrina, Brazil, were enrolled in the study. Medical and dental histories were collected through the use of a structured questionnaire. Each participant underwent a dental examination in which the examiner employed the DDE index. RESULTS: Of the 68 asthma group subjects, 61 (89.7%) presented dental enamel defects, compared with only 26 (38.2%) of those in the control group. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we estimated the risk of DDEs in permanent dentition to be 11 times higher in pediatric subjects with asthma than in those without (OR = 11.88, p = 0.0001). The occurrence of dental enamel defects correlated with greater asthma severity (p = 0.0001) and earlier symptom onset (p = 0.0001). However, dental enamel defects did not correlate with the initiation of treatment (p = 0.08) or the frequency of medication use (p = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with severe, early-onset asthma are at increased risk of dental enamel defects and therefore require priority dental care.

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Physical Status of Primary School Children with Intellectual Disability Living in the City of Krasnoyarsk

Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.37482/2687-1491-z076 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 385-393

Author(s):

Ol’ga V. Smirnova ◽

◽

Elizaveta S. Ovcharenko ◽

Eduard V. Kasparov ◽

Vera V. Fefelova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Physical Development ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Physical Status ◽

Anthropometric Characteristics ◽

The City ◽

Children With Intellectual Disability

Parameters of physical development are known to be informative indicators of health status and adaptation processes, as well as markers of social, hygienic and environmental well-being both in healthy children and those with various pathological conditions. The purpose of this article was to study the characteristics of the physical status of children with intellectual disabilities. Materials and methods. We examined 168 children of primary school age (7–11 years) studying in secondary schools of Krasnoyarsk. The subjects were divided into two groups: the first group included 54 children with intellectual disability (F70, F71 according to ICD-10), the second group included 114 children without intellectual disability. Anthropometric characteristics and level of physical development were studied taking into account regional centile tables. The harmony of physical development was assessed using the Quetelet index. Results. The physical development of children with intellectual disability is characterized by a lag in anthropometric characteristics compared with intellectually healthy children: body length was 133.0 and 137.3 cm (p = 0.048), head circumference 51.0 and 52.5 cm (p = 0.002) respectively. The first group also had a statistically significantly lower percentage of children with harmonious physical development (37 %, p = 0.045) against the background of pronounced disharmony (underweight in 31.5 %, excess body weight in 31.5 % of children) compared to their healthy peers (harmonious development in 55 %, underweight in 16 %, overweight in 29 % of children). Further research into the constitution of children with intellectual disability can form the basis for the development of corrective measures, taking into account the specific typological characteristics of children in this group. For citation: Smirnova O.V., Ovcharenko E.S., Kasparov E.V., Fefelova V.V. Physical Status of Primary School Children with Intellectual Disability Living in the City of Krasnoyarsk. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 385–393. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z076

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Risk of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth with Developmental Defects of Enamel: A Longitudinal Study with a Multilevel Approach

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000501029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 667-674

Author(s):

Suzane Paixão-Gonçalves ◽

Patrícia Corrêa-Faria ◽

Fernanda Morais Ferreira ◽

Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge ◽

Saul Martins Paiva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Primary Dentition ◽

Enamel Hypoplasia ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

Posterior Teeth ◽

Multilevel Approach ◽

Two Stages ◽

Developmental Defects Of Enamel

The risk of dental caries seems to be greater in the presence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE). The aim was to determine whether the presence of DDE in the primary teeth of preschool children increases the risk of dental caries in the primary dentition after a period of approximately 2 years. This study was conducted in two stages: baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1). At T0, examinations were conducted for the diagnosis of enamel defects using the DDE index (FDI, 1992), dental caries, and oral hygiene. The participants were allocated to two groups according to the presence (affected) or absence (unaffected) of DDE. At the second evaluation (T1), examinations were performed for the diagnosis of dental caries. Poisson regression analysis with a multilevel approach was used to determine the association between DDE and dental caries. The two levels of the analysis were tooth and child. Among the 339 children (113 affected and 226 unaffected) examined at baseline (T0), 325 were re-examined at follow-up (T1). According to the multilevel analysis, teeth with enamel hypoplasia had a greater risk of having dental caries (RR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.19–3.33). The risk of caries was greater on posterior teeth (RR: 2.59; 95% CI: 2.18–3.07) and maxillary teeth (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.26–1.75) that had DDE at T0. On the child level, dental caries at T1 was associated with having dental caries at T0 (RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.32–1.46). In conclusion, enamel hypoplasia and previous dental caries are risk factors for carious lesions in the primary dentition.

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Incidence and Recurrence of Dental Caries after Repeated Application of Topical Fluoride Gel on Permanent Dentition of School Children of a School-based Dental Program in Nerul: A Retrospective Study

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development ◽

10.37506/ijphrd.v11i3.1244 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Dental Caries ◽

School Children ◽

Permanent Dentition ◽

Repeated Application ◽

School Based ◽

Topical Fluoride

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Developmental defects of enamel in the population of Polish adolescents aged 18 years old: the prevalence and selected socio-demographic factors. A cross-sectional study

Nowa Stomatologia ◽

10.25121/ns.2018.23.2.47 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk ◽

Anna Turska-Szybka ◽

Dariusz Gozdowski ◽

Urszula Kaczmarek

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Permanent Dentition ◽

Developmental Defect ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

The Impact ◽

Developmental Defects Of Enamel

Introduction. There has been a lack of current epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in Polish adolescents. Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of developmental defect of enamel in the permanent dentition in the population of adolescents aged 18 years old, including the impact of selected sociodemographic factors. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 covered adolescents aged 18 years old attending schools in 16 Polish voivodeships, selected by stratified sampling. Sociodemographic factors such as sex, place of residence, parents’ education level and subjective economic status were collected with a survey. The condition of enamel was assessed with the use of DDE Index modified by Clarkson and Dean’s Indicator by dentists specially trained and calibrated for this study. Prior to its initiation, the study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University in Warsaw (Ref. No.: KB/134/217 of 6.06.217). Results. A total of 1611 adolescents were examined (with 52.6% female and 50.5% were residents of rural areas). Developmental defects of enamel were identified in 16.3% of the participants of the study, most frequently in the form of demarcated opacities (10.4%). In 2.7%, they were classified as fluorosis, most frequently questionable. Maxillary central incisors and first premolars were most frequently affected. In 2.5% of the examined adolescents, the defects involved single teeth, whereas in 0.6% the defects were generalised. Defects not classified as fluorosis were more commonly identified in males. There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence between voivodeships, with defects most commonly observed in participants from southern voivodeships. No other sociodemographic factors, however, were identified as significant. Conclusions. The highest prevalence of demarcated opacities suggests the significance of local factors in the aetiology of developmental enamel defects of permanent dentition in Poland. Fluorosis is a rarely encountered entity. The lack of the significance of sociodemographic factors and the regional differences in the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel suggest the need for further research, aimed at identifying geographical risk factors.

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