scholarly journals Stimuli-Responsive Drug Release from Smart Polymers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Wells ◽  
Michael Harris ◽  
Landon Choi ◽  
Vishnu Priya Murali ◽  
Fernanda Delbuque Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Design ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polymeric Biomaterials ◽  
Triggering Mechanisms ◽  
Smart Biomaterials ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Microenvironment Ph

Over the past 10 years, stimuli-responsive polymeric biomaterials have emerged as effective systems for the delivery of therapeutics. Persistent with ongoing efforts to minimize adverse effects, stimuli-responsive biomaterials are designed to release in response to either chemical, physical, or biological triggers. The stimuli-responsiveness of smart biomaterials may improve spatiotemporal specificity of release. The material design may be used to tailor smart polymers to release a drug when particular stimuli are present. Smart biomaterials may use internal or external stimuli as triggering mechanisms. Internal stimuli-responsive smart biomaterials include those that respond to specific enzymes or changes in microenvironment pH; external stimuli can consist of electromagnetic, light, or acoustic energy; with some smart biomaterials responding to multiple stimuli. This review looks at current and evolving stimuli-responsive polymeric biomaterials in their proposed applications.

Smart Polymers and their Applications: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gore S. A. ◽  
Gholve S. B. ◽  
Savalsure S. M. ◽  
Ghodake K. B. ◽  
Bhusnure O. G. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Stimuli Sensitive ◽  
External Stimuli

Smart polymers are materials that respond to small external stimuli. These are also referred as stimuli responsive materials or intelligent materials. Smart polymers that can exhibit stimuli-sensitive properties are becoming important in many commercial applications. These polymers can change shape, strength and pore size based on external factors such as temperature, pH and stress. The stimuli include salt, UV irradiation, temperature, pH, magnetic or electric field, ionic factors etc. Smart polymers are very promising applicants in drug delivery, tissue engineering, cell culture, gene carriers, textile engineering, oil recovery, radioactive wastage and protein purification. The study is focused on the entire features of smart polymers and their most recent and relevant applications. Water soluble polymers with tunable lower critical solution temperature (LCST) are of increasing interest for biological applications such as cell patterning, smart drug release, DNA sequencing etc.

scholarly journals An update on smart biocatalysts for industrial and biomedical applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (139) ◽  
pp. 20180062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Shakya ◽  
Kutty Selva Nandakumar
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Smart Polymer ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Enzyme Changes ◽  
Significant Attention

Recently, smart biocatalysts, where enzymes are conjugated to stimuli-responsive (smart) polymers, have gained significant attention. Based on the presence or absence of external stimuli, the polymer attached to the enzyme changes its conformation to protect the enzyme from the external environment and regulate the enzyme activity, thus acting as a molecular switch. Owing to this behaviour, smart biocatalysts can be separated easily from a reaction mixture and re-used several times. Several such smart polymer-based biocatalysts have been developed for industrial and biomedical applications. In addition, they have been used in biosensors, biometrics and nano-electronic devices. This review article covers recent advances in developing different kinds of stimuli-responsive enzyme bioconjugates, including conjugation strategies, and their applications.

scholarly journals Smart Materials for Biomedical Applications: The Usefulness of Shape-Memory Polymers

2019 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Fernandes ◽  
Geetha B. Heggannavar ◽  
Mahadevappa Y. Kariduraganavar ◽  
Geoffrey R. Mitchell ◽  
Nuno Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Smart Biomaterials

This review describes available smart biomaterials for biomedical applications. Biomaterials have gained special attention because of their characteristics, along with biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, and inexpensiveness. In addition, they are also sensitive towards various stimuli such as temperature, light, magnetic, electro, pH and can respond to two or more stimuli at the same time. In this manuscript, the suitability of stimuli-responsive smart polymers was examined, providing examples of its usefulness in the biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Dynamic Manipulation of THz Waves Enabled by Phase-Transition VO2 Thin Film

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Chang Lu ◽  
Qingjian Lu ◽  
Min Gao ◽  
Yuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Optical Methods ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Current State ◽  
Insulator Metal Transition ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Thz Applications ◽  
Thz Waves

The reversible and multi-stimuli responsive insulator-metal transition of VO2, which enables dynamic modulation over the terahertz (THz) regime, has attracted plenty of attention for its potential applications in versatile active THz devices. Moreover, the investigation into the growth mechanism of VO2 films has led to improved film processing, more capable modulation and enhanced device compatibility into diverse THz applications. THz devices with VO2 as the key components exhibit remarkable response to external stimuli, which is not only applicable in THz modulators but also in rewritable optical memories by virtue of the intrinsic hysteresis behaviour of VO2. Depending on the predesigned device structure, the insulator-metal transition (IMT) of VO2 component can be controlled through thermal, electrical or optical methods. Recent research has paid special attention to the ultrafast modulation phenomenon observed in the photoinduced IMT, enabled by an intense femtosecond laser (fs laser) which supports “quasi-simultaneous” IMT within 1 ps. This progress report reviews the current state of the field, focusing on the material nature that gives rise to the modulation-allowed IMT for THz applications. An overview is presented of numerous IMT stimuli approaches with special emphasis on the underlying physical mechanisms. Subsequently, active manipulation of THz waves through pure VO2 film and VO2 hybrid metamaterials is surveyed, highlighting that VO2 can provide active modulation for a wide variety of applications. Finally, the common characteristics and future development directions of VO2-based tuneable THz devices are discussed.

scholarly journals Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Drug Delivery Systems

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3589
Author(s):  
Rui Liu ◽  
Alessandro Poma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

Despite the tremendous efforts made in the past decades, severe side/toxic effects and poor bioavailability still represent the main challenges that hinder the clinical translation of drug molecules. This has turned the attention of investigators towards drug delivery vehicles that provide a localized and controlled drug delivery. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as novel and versatile drug delivery vehicles have been widely studied in recent years due to the advantages of selective recognition, enhanced drug loading, sustained release, and robustness in harsh conditions. This review highlights the design and development of strategies undertaken for MIPs used as drug delivery vehicles involving different drug delivery mechanisms, such as rate-programmed, stimuli-responsive and active targeting, published during the course of the past five years.

scholarly journals Linear Response of General Observables in Spiking Neuronal Network Models

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Bruno Cessac ◽  
Ignacio Ampuero ◽  
Rodrigo Cofré
Keyword(s):  
Linear Response ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Network Models ◽  
General Context ◽  
Collective Effect ◽  
Neuronal Dynamics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Spike Dynamics

We establish a general linear response relation for spiking neuronal networks, based on chains with unbounded memory. This relation allow us to predict the influence of a weak amplitude time dependent external stimuli on spatio-temporal spike correlations, from the spontaneous statistics (without stimulus) in a general context where the memory in spike dynamics can extend arbitrarily far in the past. Using this approach, we show how the linear response is explicitly related to the collective effect of the stimuli, intrinsic neuronal dynamics, and network connectivity on spike train statistics. We illustrate our results with numerical simulations performed over a discrete time integrate and fire model.

scholarly journals Metal-Organic Framework-Based Stimuli-Responsive Polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Menglian Wei ◽  
Yu Wan ◽  
Xueji Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Reversible Phase Transition ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Organic Framework

Metal-organic framework (MOF) based stimuli-responsive polymers (coordination polymers) exhibit reversible phase-transition behavior and demonstrate attractive properties that are capable of altering physical and/or chemical properties upon exposure to external stimuli, including pH, temperature, ions, etc., in a dynamic fashion. Thus, their conformational change can be imitated by the adsorption/desorption of target analytes (guest molecules), temperature or pressure changes, and electromagnetic field manipulation. MOF-based stimuli responsive polymers have received great attention due to their advanced optical properties and variety of applications. Herein, we summarized some recent progress on MOF-based stimuli-responsive polymers (SRPs) classified by physical and chemical responsiveness, including temperature, pressure, electricity, pH, metal ions, gases, alcohol and multi-targets.

Emerging materials for circularly polarized light detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Shang ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Hanying Li
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Light Detection ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
The Past

Detecting circularly polarized light (CPL) signals is the key technique in many advanced sensing technologies. Over the past decades, many efforts have been devoted to both the material design and...

External Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticles for Spatially and Temporary Controlled Delivery of CRISPR-Cas Genome Editors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruosen Xie ◽  
Yuyuan Wang ◽  
Shaoqin Gong
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
New Therapies ◽  
External Stimuli

The CRISPR–Cas9 system is a powerful tool for genome editing, which can potentially lead to new therapies for genetic diseases. Up to date, various viral and non-viral delivery systems have...

scholarly journals Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Systems for Cancer Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alsuraifi ◽  
Anthony Curtis ◽  
Dimitrios Lamprou ◽  
Clare Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Polymeric Systems ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Targeting Ability ◽  
Patient Side

Nanoscale polymers systems have dominated the revolution of drug delivery advancement. Their potential in the fight against cancer is unrivalled with other technologies. Their functionality increase, targeting ability and stimuli responsive nature have led to a major boom in research focus. This review article concentrates on the use of these smart polymers in cancer therapy. Nanotechnologies have shown potential as drug carriers leading to increased drug efficacy and penetration. Multifunctional smart carriers which can release their payload upon an external or internal trigger such as pH or temperature are proving to be major frontrunners in the development of effective strategies to overcome this disease with minimal patient side effects.

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