scholarly journals Body Fat Assessment in International Elite Soccer Referees

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Petri ◽  
Francesco Campa ◽  
Vitor Hugo Teixeira ◽  
Pascal Izzicupo ◽  
Giorgio Galanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
World Cup ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Skinfold Measurements

Soccer referees are a specific group in the sports population that are receiving increasing attention from sports scientists. A lower fat mass percentage (FM%) is a useful parameter to monitor fitness status and aerobic performance, while being able to evaluate it with a simple and quick field-based method can allow a regular assessment. The aim of this study was to provide a specific profile for referees based on morphological and body composition features while comparing the accuracy of different skinfold-based equations in estimating FM% in a cohort of soccer referees. Forty-three elite international soccer referees (age 38.8 ± 3.6 years), who participated in the 2018 Russian World Cup, underwent body composition assessments with skinfold thickness and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Six equations used to derive FM% from skinfold thickness were compared with DXA measurements. The percentage of body fat estimated using DXA was 18.2 ± 4.1%, whereas skinfold-based FM% assessed from the six formulas ranged between 11.0% ± 1.7% to 15.6% ± 2.4%. Among the six equations considered, the Faulkner’s formula showed the highest correlation with FM% estimated by DXA (r = 0.77; R2 = 0.59 p < 0.001). Additionally, a new skinfold-based equation was developed: FM% = 8.386 + (0.478 × iliac crest skinfold) + (0.395 × abdominal skinfold, r = 0.78; R2 = 0.61; standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 2.62 %; p < 0.001). Due to these findings, national and international federations will now be able to perform regular body composition assessments using skinfold measurements.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Profile of Soccer Players as a Determinant of Position Specificity and Methodological Issues of Body Composition Estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Leão ◽  
Miguel Camões ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis ◽  
Ricardo Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Position Specificity ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Anthropometric Profile

The aim of the present study was (a) to describe the anthropometric profile of a large group of soccer players based on different age groups and their playing positions on the field, and (b) to examine the variations of body composition among adult soccer players using diverse equations based on skinfold thickness. A total of 618 Greek soccer players who were grouped by age (i.e., 12–14, 14–16, 16–18, and 18–37 years) and playing position (i.e., goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and forward) were evaluated for weight, height, and skinfolds. The Pařízková formula was used to estimate the percentage of body fat. Furthermore, for players who were 18 years or older the Reilly and Evans formulas was used to estimate the percentage of body fat. Independent of the age, in this large sample, goalkeepers presented higher values for weight, height and the percentage of body fat estimation as compared with other field positions. An anthropometric pattern was observed in each tactical position, namely, across a specific age of increasing maturation process (14–16 years). With the Pařízková formula, we found a mean (SD) range of variation in the percentage of body fat estimation between 4.87 ± 1.46 and 5.51 ± 1.46 as compared with the Evans formula. The same pattern of differences was found when the Reilly equation was considered. In conclusion, we observed a position specificity of anthropometric characteristics across different age categories. Additionally, the same data supported different validated equations which resulted in large differences in the final outcome estimations.

scholarly journals Comparison of body fat estimation using waist:height ratio using different ‘waist’ measurements in Australian adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Kagawa ◽  
Nuala M. Byrne ◽  
Andrew P. Hills
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Regional Adiposity ◽  
Measurement Location ◽  
Lower Correlation ◽  
Better Than

The objective of the present study was to determine differences in predicting total and regional adiposity using the waist:height ratio (WHtR) calculated using different ‘waist’ measurements. Body composition of ninety-five males and 121 female Australian adults (aged 20 years and above) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The WHtR was calculated using: (1) the narrowest point between the lower costal border and the top of the iliac crest (WHtR-W), and (2) at the level of the umbilicus (WHtR-A). Relationships between calculated WHtR and measured body composition, such as percentage body fat (%BF) and percentage trunk fat (%TF) were determined. Values obtained from WHtR-A were significantly greater than WHtR-W in both groups (P < 0·05). While no correlation differences between WHtR-W and WHtR-A in relation to body composition variables were observed, females showed significantly lower correlation with lean mass compared with BMI. Regression analyses showed that neither WHtR had an age influence on %TF estimation. Estimated %BF and %TF were comparable for both WHtR and also with estimated values using a BMI of 25 kg/m2. Sensitivity of excess %BF and %TF increased by using WHtR-A, particularly in females. In conclusion, the umbilicus measurement may be better than using the narrowest site in the WHtR calculation, particularly in females. To improve the screening ability of the WHtR and make comparisons between studies easier there may be a need to standardise the measurement location. Further studies are recommended to confirm the findings across different ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Body composition in female anorexia nervosa patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Probst ◽  
M. Goris ◽  
W. Vandereycken ◽  
H. Van Coppenolle
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

For the first time, body composition has been studied in a very large sample of female anorexia nervosa patients (n 200) using two methods: anthropometry (skinfold thickness) and densitometry (underwater weighing). The concurrent validity of both methods appeared to be good (r 0·84). Although the mean percentage of body fat (13·5) in our sample corresponds with most of the previous reports, the range (4·3–24·8) is great. Our study shows that BMI is not a good measure of fatness. Age and duration of illness were not related to body fat. Percentage fat was found to be different (t 2·76, P <0·01) according to the diagnostic subtype of anorexia nervosa: restricters (12·9) v. bingers and/or purgers (14·7).

A Comparison of Field Methods to Assess Body Composition in a Diverse Group of Sedentary Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen T. D'Alonzo ◽  
Ana Aluf ◽  
Linda Vincent ◽  
Kristin Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Sedentary Women

Accurate assessment of body composition is essential in the evaluation of obesity. While laboratory methods are commonly used to assess fat mass, field measures (e.g., skinfold thickness [SKF] and bioelectrical impedance [BIA]) may be more practical for screening large numbers of individuals in intervention studies. In this study, a correlational design was used among 46 racially and ethnically diverse, sedentary women (mean age = 25.73 years) to (a) compare the percentage of body fat as determined by SKF and the upper body BIA and (b) examine the effects of body mass index (BMI), racial/ethnic background, age, and stage of the menstrual cycle on differences in the estimated percentage of body fat obtained using the SKF and BIA. Overall, a significant correlation between SKF and BIA (r = .98, p < .001) was found, with similar findings among Black, Hispanic and White non-Hispanic women. The mean differences between BIA and SKF were not significantly correlated with BMI, age, race/ethnicity or stage of the menstrual cycle. Data from this study suggest that BIA showed similar body fat prediction values compared with SKF and may be a viable alternative to SKF among diverse groups of healthy women. Additional testing and comparison of these field methods with the laboratory methods of hydrodensitometry or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is recommended to further determine whether BIA devices can be routinely recommended as an alternative to the SKF.

Determination of body fat percentage by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
O. A. Nikitinskaya ◽  
N. V. Toroptsova
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat

Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. Several research methods are used to determine the amount of body fat, including the «gold standard» dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method is an alternative for assessing body composition that does not require special conditions for placement and examination, but the accuracy of its results depends on the hydration of the body.Objective. To compare the results of determining the percentage of body fat using multi-frequency (MF) BIA and DXA.Material and methods. The study included 20 volunteers (11 women and 9 men) aged 26 to 70 years without serious metabolic, cardiovascular or endocrine diseases. Two repeated measurements were performed using the MF-BIA method on the MS FIT device and the DXA method on the Lunar Prodigy Advance device.Results. There were no significant differences in the average percentage of body fat in repeated measurements by MF-BIA and DXA methods, and the intra-group correlation coefficients (r2 ) were 0.999 and 0.997, respectively. A high and significant correlation in percentage of body fat was found between the MF-BIA and DXA (r = 0.973, p < 0.001). The average difference between the results of these two methods was 0.1243%. Differences in percentage of body fat that exceeded two or more standard deviations were detected less than in 5% cases, so the data on body fat content estimated using DXA and BIA are consistent and can be considered almost equal.Conclusion. Our study has shown that the MS FIT body composition device using the MF-BIA method can be an alternative to DXA for assessing the percentage of body fat without introducing additional formulas to recalculate the data obtained.

scholarly journals Hydration status, body composition, and anxiety status in aeronautical military personnel from Spain: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Carretero-Krug ◽  
Natalia Úbeda ◽  
Carlos Velasco ◽  
Juan Medina-Font ◽  
Trinidad Trujillo Laguna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Total Water Intake

Abstract Background An adequate hydration status is critical to ensure efficiency during mental and physical activities. Our goal was to assess the hydration status of a Spanish group of aeronautical military men and to determine the association of hydration status with body composition and anxiety. Methods A total of 188 men were evaluated through a validated hydration questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and an anxiety questionnaire. Based on these methods, the criteria of hydration were established. Results Of the total sample, 81% met the hydration criteria (urine color = well hydrated, water balance ≥ 0 ml, and total water intake/weight ≥ 35 ml/kg), and 19% did not meet the hydration criteria (urine color = not sufficiently hydrated or dehydrated, water balance < 0 ml, and total water intake/weight < 35 ml/kg). Subjects not meeting the hydration criteria had lower urine pH, negative water balance, and lower water intake. The latter also had higher anxiety status (score = 4 vs. 3, P = 0.026), weight [(84.7 ± 10.5) vs. (80.5 ± 10.2) kg], body mass index [(26.3 ± 3.1) vs. (25.2 ± 2.8)]kg/m2, body fat [(22.3 ± 5.6) vs. (18.3 ± 6.5)] %, urine specific gravity, and urine color. Using a logistic binary regression model, hydration status was related significantly with the percentage of body fat (P = 0.004), but no relation was found with age, comorbidities, or medications. Furthermore, total water intake/weight was positively correlated with percentage of body water (r = 0.357, P = 0.000) and negatively with body fat (kg) (r = − 0.427, P = 0.000), percentage of body fat (r = − 0.405, P = 0.000), and waist/hip ratio (r = − 0.223, P = 0.002). Based on a linear regression model, total water intake/weight was related significantly with percentage of body fat (P = 0.001) and percentage of body water content (P = 0.035). No relation was found, however, with waist/hip ratio, age, comorbidities, or medications. Conclusions These findings all suggest a relationship between hydration status and body composition but also set the bases for future studies that relate hydration status and anxiety status. These results can be used to improve the hydration status and body composition of military personnel.

Superiority of skinfold measurements and waist over waist-to-hip ratio for determination of body fat distribution in a population-based cohort of Caucasian Dutch adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris J G Ketel ◽  
Mariken N M Volman ◽  
Jacob C Seidell ◽  
Coen D A Stehouwer ◽  
Jos W Twisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Skinfold Measurements

Objective: To determine which anthropometric measurement is the most reliable alternative for fat distribution as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Design: Population-based survey carried out in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Subjects and methods: A total of 376 individuals (200 women) with a mean age of 36.5 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.0 (±3.1) kg/m2 underwent various anthropometric and DXA measurements of central (CFM) and peripheral fat mass (PFM). Furthermore, for the assessment of apple-shaped body composition, CFM-to-PFM ratio was calculated. Anthropometric measurements were waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), BMI, waist/length and the skinfold thickness of biceps, triceps, suprailiacal (SI), subscapular (SS) and upper leg. We determined whether equations of combined anthropometrics were even more reliable for the assessment of fat mass. Results: In both women and men, reliable alternatives for CFM are central skinfolds and waist (Pearson’s correlation (r) ≥ 0.8). Peripheral skinfolds are the best predictors of PFM (r ≥ 0.8). In contrast, WHR correlated only marginally with any of the DXA measurements. Equations based on several anthropometric variables correlate with CFM even better (R2 ≥ 0.8). CFM-to-PFM ratio has the highest correlation with the ratio (SS+SI)/BMI in women (r = 0.66) and waist/length in men (r = 0.71). Equations are reasonable alternatives of CFM-to-PFM ratio (R2 ≥ 0.5). Conclusion: Waist and skinfolds are reliable alternatives for the measurement of body fat mass in a cohort of Caucasian adults. WHR is not appropriate for the measurement of fat distribution.

Body Composition, Dietary Intake, and Iron Status of Female Collegiate Swimmers and Divers

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Petersen ◽  
C. Ted Peterson ◽  
Manju B. Reddy ◽  
Kathy B. Hanson ◽  
James H. Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
X Ray

This study determined the effect of training on body composition, dietary intake, and iron status of eumenorrheic female collegiate swimmers (n = 18) and divers (n = 6) preseason and after 16 wk of training. Athletes trained on dryland (resistance, strength, fexibility) 3 d/wk, 1.5 h/d and in-water 6 d/wk, nine, 2-h sessions per week (6400 to 10,000 kJ/d). Body-mass index (kg/m2; P = 0.05), waist and hip circumferences (P ≤ 0.0001), whole body fat mass (P = 0.0002), and percentage body fat (P ≤ 0.0001) decreased, whereas lean mass increased (P = 0.028). Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, we found no change in regional lean mass, but fat decreased at the waist (P = 0.0002), hip (P = 0.0002), and thigh (P = 0.002). Energy intake (10,061 ± 3617 kJ/d) did not change, but dietary quality improved with training, as refected by increased intakes of fber (P = 0.036), iron (P = 0.015), vitamin C (P = 0.029), vitamin B-6 (P = 0.032), and fruit (P = 0.003). Iron status improved as refected by slight increases in hemoglobin (P = 0.046) and hematocrit (P = 0.014) and decreases in serum transferrin receptor (P ≤ 0.0001). Studies are needed to further evaluate body composition and iron status in relation to dietary intake in female swimmers.

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