Effects of General Living Environments, Food and Exercise Habits of 9 and 15 Years Old Obese Girls on Physique and Body Composition with Percentage of Body Fat

Abstract Background An adequate hydration status is critical to ensure efficiency during mental and physical activities. Our goal was to assess the hydration status of a Spanish group of aeronautical military men and to determine the association of hydration status with body composition and anxiety. Methods A total of 188 men were evaluated through a validated hydration questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and an anxiety questionnaire. Based on these methods, the criteria of hydration were established. Results Of the total sample, 81% met the hydration criteria (urine color = well hydrated, water balance ≥ 0 ml, and total water intake/weight ≥ 35 ml/kg), and 19% did not meet the hydration criteria (urine color = not sufficiently hydrated or dehydrated, water balance < 0 ml, and total water intake/weight < 35 ml/kg). Subjects not meeting the hydration criteria had lower urine pH, negative water balance, and lower water intake. The latter also had higher anxiety status (score = 4 vs. 3, P = 0.026), weight [(84.7 ± 10.5) vs. (80.5 ± 10.2) kg], body mass index [(26.3 ± 3.1) vs. (25.2 ± 2.8)]kg/m2, body fat [(22.3 ± 5.6) vs. (18.3 ± 6.5)] %, urine specific gravity, and urine color. Using a logistic binary regression model, hydration status was related significantly with the percentage of body fat (P = 0.004), but no relation was found with age, comorbidities, or medications. Furthermore, total water intake/weight was positively correlated with percentage of body water (r = 0.357, P = 0.000) and negatively with body fat (kg) (r = − 0.427, P = 0.000), percentage of body fat (r = − 0.405, P = 0.000), and waist/hip ratio (r = − 0.223, P = 0.002). Based on a linear regression model, total water intake/weight was related significantly with percentage of body fat (P = 0.001) and percentage of body water content (P = 0.035). No relation was found, however, with waist/hip ratio, age, comorbidities, or medications. Conclusions These findings all suggest a relationship between hydration status and body composition but also set the bases for future studies that relate hydration status and anxiety status. These results can be used to improve the hydration status and body composition of military personnel.

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Wheel running of kangaroo rats, Dipodomys merriami, as related to food deprivation and body composition

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1978.44.1.17 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 17-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. B. Dill ◽

L. F. Soholt ◽

J. D. Morris

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Food Deprivation ◽

Body Fat ◽

Wheel Running ◽

Initial Amount ◽

Kangaroo Rats ◽

Dipodomys Merriami ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat

Kangaroo rats deprived of food ran themselves to death in 48 h in wheel cages. Despite the loss of 14.5% of body weight the ratio of water to protein was the same after the run as it was in control rats. Metabolic measurements at rest and in the running wheel and weight loss in the 48-h run were used to estimate fuels used and water expended. Two-thirds of the initial amount of fat and 9% of the protein were metabolized. The terminal mean percentage of body fat was about twice that observed in rats trapped in the spring of 1967, when seed production was low: death in the 48-h run could not have been due to depletion of body fat alone. The powerful activity drive seen in hungary kangaroo rats presumably is intensified in dry years when food is scarce and may deplete their reserves enough to result in death from starvation.

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Longitudinal changes in body composition associated with healthy ageing: men, aged 20–96 years

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511003886 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (7) ◽

pp. 1085-1091 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Andrew S. Jackson ◽

Ian Janssen ◽

Xuemei Sui ◽

Timothy S. Church ◽

Steven N. Blair

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Healthy Ageing ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Longitudinal Changes ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Age Related ◽

Negative Effect

Obesity and sarcopenia are health problems associated with ageing. The present study modelled the longitudinal changes in body composition of healthy men, aged from 20 to 96 years, and evaluated the fidelity of BMI to identify age-dependent changes in fat mass and fat-free mass. The data from 7265 men with multiple body composition determinations (total observations 38 328) were used to model the age-related changes in body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, BMI and percentage of body fat. Changes in fat mass and fat-free mass were used to evaluate the fidelity of BMI and to detect body composition changes with ageing. Linear mixed regression models showed that all trajectories of body composition with healthy ageing were quadratic. Fat mass, BMI and percentage of body fat increased from age 20 years and levelled off at approximately 80 years. Fat-free mass increased slightly from age 20 to 47 years and then declined at a non-linear rate with ageing. Levels of aerobic exercise had a positive influence on fat mass and a slight negative effect on fat-free mass. BMI and percentage of body fat were sensitive in detecting the increase in fat mass that occurred with healthy ageing, but failed to identify the loss of fat-free mass that started at age 47 years.

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Functional fitness and body composition of active older women in different age categories

Advances in Rehabilitation ◽

10.1515/rehab-2015-0034 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Ogonowska-Słodownik ◽

Eliza Maria Bober ◽

Bartosz Molik

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Older Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Age Groups ◽

Scratch Test ◽

Functional Fitness ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction: Physical activity is one of the basic elements that affect functional performance and body composition. The age may result in adverse changes in these parameters. The study aimed to compare the functional fitness and body composition in physically active women over 60 years old in different age groups and determine the relationship between those two components. Material and methods: The study participants attended gymnastic classes at the University of Third Age of Warsaw University of Technology. A total of 39 women were examined in three age categories - 60-64 years (13 women), 65-69 years (13 women), 70-74 years (13 women). The study used the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) to assess functional fitness. Body composition was tested using a device Tanita BC 420. Results: Statistical analysis showed no statistically significant (p≤0.05) differences in functional fitness and body composition between women of different age groups. A statistically significant negative correlation was found for Back Scratch test with BMI and percentage of body fat and a positive with muscle mass. Additionally, 8-ft up-and-go test positively correlated with BMI and percentage of body fat and negatively with muscle mass. Conclusions: Regular physical activity allows to maintain the level of functional fitness in older women. Element requiring additional commitment are flexibility exercises. The study confirmed the relationship between body composition and functional fitness of older women.

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Hydration Status, Body Composition and Anxiety Status in Aeronautical Military Personnel from Spain: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44178/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandra Carretero-Krug ◽

Carlos Velasco ◽

Juan Medina-Font ◽

Trinidad Trujillo Laguna ◽

Gregorio Varela-Moreiras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Water Balance ◽

Body Fat ◽

Water Intake ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Total Water ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Urine Color ◽

Total Water Intake

Abstract Background: An adequate hydration status is critical to ensure efficiency during mental and physical activities. Our goal was to assess the hydration status of a Spanish group of aeronautical military men and to determine the association of hydration status with body composition and anxiety.Methods: 188 men were evaluated through a validated hydration questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and an anxiety questionnaire. According to that, criteria of hydration was established.Results: 81% of the total sample met hydration criteria (urine color = Well hydrated, Water Balance ≥ 0 mL, and total water intake/weight ≥35 mL/kg) and 19% did not meet hydration criteria (urine color = Not enough hydrated or Dehydrated, Water Balance < 0 mL, and total water intake/weight < 35 mL/kg). Subjects not meeting the hydration criteria had lower urine pH, negative water balance, and lower water intake. The latter also had higher anxiety status (score= 4 vs 3, p=0.026), weight (84.7 ± 10.5 vs 80.5 ± 10.2 Kg), Body Mass Index (26.3 ± 3.1 vs 25.2 ± 2.8 kg/m2), body fat (22.3 ± 5.6 vs 18.3 ± 6.5 %), urine specific gravity and urine color. The Hydration Status, in a logistic binary regression model was related significantly with the percentage of body fat (p=0.004), but no relation was found with age, comorbidity and medication. Furthermore, total water intake/weight was positively correlated with percentage of body water (rho=0.357, p=0.000) and negatively with body fat (kg) (rho= -0.427, p=0.000), percentage of body fat (rho= -0.405, p=0.000) and waist/hip ratio (rho= -0.223, p=0.002). The total water intake/weight, in a linear regression model was related significantly with the percentages of body fat (p=0.019) and body water (p= 0,035). No relation was found, however, with waist/hip ratio, age, comorbidity and medication.Conclusion: All these findings suggest a relationship between hydration status and body composition, but also set the bases for future studies that relate hydration status and anxiety status. These results can be used to improve the hydration status and body composition of military personnel.

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Analysis of the Relationship between Body Composition and the Level of Functional Readiness of Football Players

Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini bìologìï ta sportu ◽

10.26693/jmbs05.05.313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 313-318

Author(s):

N. Vdovenko ◽

◽

E. Maydaniuk ◽

M. Imas ◽

S. Sharafytdinova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Specific Power ◽

Football Players ◽

Sports Activity ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat

The compositional content of the body of athletes is one of the factors that can affect the effectiveness of sports activity, being an important component of the training process of football players. In turn, the composition of the body depends on the orientation, intensity and volume of training loads. Physical activity and exercise are known to lead to a decrease in body fat and an increase in lean body mass. The purpose of the study was to determine the significance of body composition for functional readiness of football players. Material and methods. The research involved 81 football players (Ukrainian Premier League), aged 20-30 years. During the research, the following methods were used: chronometry, ergometry, spirometry, gas analysis, heart rate monitoring, anthropometry and impedance measurement, biochemical research methods, and mathematical statistics methods. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, we established the influence of the body composition, in particular the percentage of body fat, on the level of functional readiness of football players. The probable correlations between the values of the level of functional readiness and indicators of the composition of the body were revealed. We found probable correlation between lean body mass and absolute power (r = 0.90; p ≤ 0.05), lean mass and VO2max (r = 0.44; p ≤ 0.05). A probable correlation between the percentage of fat and specific power (r = - 0.45; p ≤ 0.05), the percentage of fat and speed (r = - 0.50; p ≤ .05) was also revealed. An increase in body fat mass can negatively affect the specific power, speed and aerobic capabilities of athletes; it manifests itself in a decrease in the VO2max, speed and power of football players with an increase in body weight due to the fat component. Conclusion. The highest values of maximum power and VO2max were achieved by football players with adipose tissue content in the range from 9.0 to 16.0%. An increase in the level of functional readiness of football players is possible by optimizing the compositional composition of the body of athletes, namely, the percentage of body fat

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Analysis of Body Composition and Pain Intensity in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain Secondary to Endometriosis

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1713912 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (08) ◽

pp. 486-492

Author(s):

Joyce Beatriz da Silva ◽

Maria Beatriz Ferreira Gurian ◽

Carla Barbosa Nonino ◽

Omero Benedito Poli-Neto ◽

Antonio Alberto Nogueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Pelvic Pain ◽

Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Body ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Clinical Pain

Abstract Objective To determine the average body composition (percentage of body fat), the anthropometric markers, and the intensity of clinical pain in women with a clinical diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) secondary to endometriosis. Methods A case-control study performed with 91 women, 46 of whom with CPP secondary to endometriosis and 45 of whom with CPP secondary to other causes. They underwent an evaluation of the anthropometric parameters by means of the body mass index (BMI), the perimeters (waist, abdomen, hip), and the percentage of body fat (%BF), which were assessed on a body composition monitor by bioimpedance; the intensity of the clinical pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the symptoms of anxiety and depression, using the hospital's anxiety and depression scale (HAD). Results The groups did not differ in terms of mean age, BMI, %BF or regarding the available waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The mean intensity of the clinical pain by the VAS was of 7.2 ± 2.06 in the group with CPP secondary to endometriosis, and of 5.93 ± 2.64 in the group with CPP secondary to other causes (p = 0.03), revealing significant differences between the groups. Conclusion We concluded that, despite the difference in the pain score assessed between the two groups, there was no difference regarding body composition and anthropometry.

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Anthropometric Profile of Soccer Players as a Determinant of Position Specificity and Methodological Issues of Body Composition Estimation

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16132386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (13) ◽

pp. 2386 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

César Leão ◽

Miguel Camões ◽

Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽

Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis ◽

Ricardo Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Age Groups ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Methodological Issues ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Position Specificity ◽

Range Of Variation ◽

Anthropometric Profile

The aim of the present study was (a) to describe the anthropometric profile of a large group of soccer players based on different age groups and their playing positions on the field, and (b) to examine the variations of body composition among adult soccer players using diverse equations based on skinfold thickness. A total of 618 Greek soccer players who were grouped by age (i.e., 12–14, 14–16, 16–18, and 18–37 years) and playing position (i.e., goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and forward) were evaluated for weight, height, and skinfolds. The Pařízková formula was used to estimate the percentage of body fat. Furthermore, for players who were 18 years or older the Reilly and Evans formulas was used to estimate the percentage of body fat. Independent of the age, in this large sample, goalkeepers presented higher values for weight, height and the percentage of body fat estimation as compared with other field positions. An anthropometric pattern was observed in each tactical position, namely, across a specific age of increasing maturation process (14–16 years). With the Pařízková formula, we found a mean (SD) range of variation in the percentage of body fat estimation between 4.87 ± 1.46 and 5.51 ± 1.46 as compared with the Evans formula. The same pattern of differences was found when the Reilly equation was considered. In conclusion, we observed a position specificity of anthropometric characteristics across different age categories. Additionally, the same data supported different validated equations which resulted in large differences in the final outcome estimations.

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Prediction of fat-free mass and percentage of body fat in neonates using bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometric measures: validation against the PEA POD

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511004624 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (10) ◽

pp. 1545-1552 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Barbara E. Lingwood ◽

Anne-Martine Storm van Leeuwen ◽

Angela E. Carberry ◽

Erin C. Fitzgerald ◽

Leonie K. Callaway ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Bioimpedance Analysis ◽

Limits Of Agreement ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Pea Pod

Accurate assessment of neonatal body composition is essential to studies investigating neonatal nutrition or developmental origins of obesity. Bioelectrical impedance analysis or bioimpedance analysis is inexpensive, non-invasive and portable, and is widely used in adults for the assessment of body composition. There are currently no prediction algorithms using bioimpedance analysis in neonates that have been directly validated against measurements of fat-free mass (FFM). The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of bioimpedance analysis for the estimation of FFM and percentage of body fat over the first 4 months of life in healthy infants born at term, and to compare these with estimations based on anthropometric measurements (weight and length) and with skinfolds. The present study was an observational study in seventy-seven infants. Body fat content of infants was assessed at birth, 6 weeks, 3 and 4·5 months of age by air displacement plethysmography, using the PEA POD body composition system. Bioimpedance analysis was performed at the same time and the data were used to develop and test prediction equations for FFM. The combination of weight+sex+length predicted FFM, with a bias of < 100 g and limits of agreement of 6–13 %. Before 3 months of age, bioimpedance analysis did not improve the prediction of FFM or body fat. At 3 and 4·5 months, the inclusion of impedance in prediction algorithms resulted in small improvements in prediction of FFM, reducing the bias to < 50 g and limits of agreement to < 9 %. Skinfold measurements performed poorly at all ages.

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Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Characteristics, Body Composition, and Injury in University Rugby Players

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-304-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 1116-1123

Author(s):

Jérome Lévesque ◽

Hassan Rivaz ◽

Amanda Rizk ◽

Stephane Frenette ◽

Mathieu Boily ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Percentage Change ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Limb Injury ◽

Lumbar Multifidus ◽

Limb Injury ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Rugby Players

Context A smaller lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle was reported to be a strong predictor of lower limb injury in professional Australian Football League players. However, despite the high prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and lower limb injury in rugby players, their LM characteristics have yet to be explored. Objective To (1) examine LM characteristics in male and female university rugby players and their possible associations with LBP and lower limb injury and (2) investigate the relationship between LM characteristics and body composition in this group of athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University research center. Patients or Other Participants Thirty-four university rugby players (20 women, 14 men). Main Outcome Measure(s) Ultrasound measurements of LM cross-sectional area (CSA), thickness, and percentage change in thickness during contraction were obtained bilaterally, at the L5-S1 level, in prone and standing positions. Body composition measures were obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Self-reported questionnaires were used to obtain LBP and lower limb injury history. Results Players who reported LBP in the previous 3 months showed a smaller percentage change in thickness during contraction in the standing position (F = 5.21, P = .03). The LM CSA side-to-side asymmetry (right versus left) was greater in players who reported having a lower limb injury in the previous 12 months (F = 4.98, P = .03). The LM CSA was significantly associated with body composition measurements. A greater percentage change in thickness during contraction was significantly associated with a lower percentage of body fat. The LM echo intensity was strongly associated with the total percentage of body fat and was significantly greater in women. Conclusions The influence of body composition on LM morphology in athletes cannot be ignored and warrants further investigation. Our findings also provide preliminary evidence of an association among LM morphology, LBP, and lower limb injury in university rugby players.

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