scholarly journals Identification of QR Code Perspective Distortion Based on Edge Directions and Edge Projections Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Karrach ◽  
Elena Pivarčiová ◽  
Pavol Božek
Keyword(s):  
Qr Code ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Bar Codes ◽  
Perspective Distortion ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Matrix Codes ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Edges

QR (quick response) Codes are one of the most popular types of two-dimensional (2D) matrix codes currently used in a wide variety of fields. Two-dimensional matrix codes, compared to 1D bar codes, can encode significantly more data in the same area. We have compared algorithms capable of localizing multiple QR Codes in an image using typical finder patterns, which are present in three corners of a QR Code. Finally, we present a novel approach to identify perspective distortion by analyzing the direction of horizontal and vertical edges and by maximizing the standard deviation of horizontal and vertical projections of these edges. This algorithm is computationally efficient, works well for low-resolution images, and is also suited to real-time processing.

scholarly journals Recognition of Perspective Distorted QR Codes with a Partially Damaged Finder Pattern in Real Scene Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7814
Author(s):  
Ladislav Karrach ◽  
Elena Pivarčiová ◽  
Pavol Bozek
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Image Binarization ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Operational Space ◽  
Perspective Distortion ◽  
Real Scene

QR (Quick Response) codes are one of the most famous types of two-dimensional (2D) matrix barcodes, which are the descendants of well-known 1D barcodes. The mobile robots which move in certain operational space can use information and landmarks from environment for navigation and such information may be provided by QR Codes. We have proposed algorithm, which localizes a QR Code in an image in a few sequential steps. We start with image binarization, then we continue with QR Code localization, where we utilize characteristic Finder Patterns, which are located in three corners of a QR Code, and finally we identify perspective distortion. The presented algorithm is able to deal with a damaged Finder Pattern, works well for low-resolution images and is computationally efficient.

scholarly journals Animated Two-Dimensional Barcode Generation Using Optimization Algorithms – Redesign of Formulation, Operator, and Quality Evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ono ◽  
◽  
Kensuke Morinaga ◽  
Shigeru Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Code Generation ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Running Head ◽  
Generation Problem ◽  
Font Color

To improve on our previously proposed but problem-plagued innovation for generating animated and illustrated Quick Response (QR) codes, this paper proposes a method which formulates the animated QR code generation problem as an optimization problem rather than as a set of still QR code decoration problems. The proposed method also uses optimization operators designed for this problem and quality evaluation to maintain natural, smooth movement. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can generate animated QR codes involve a maximum of eight illustrations moving inside the code which maintaining decoding feasibility and smooth illustration movement.<FONT color="red" size="3">Erratum<br /></FONT> <FONT color="red" size="2">Due to a wrong manipulation during the correction of the proofs of the above paper, the running head title (short title) was incorrect. The correct running head title should have read as "Animated Two–Dimensional Barcode Generation."</FONT>

Use of Cloud, Multimedia, and QR Codes to Enhance Print Maps

2019 ◽  
pp. 1094-1099
Author(s):  
Harpinder Singh ◽  
Dheeraj Gambhir ◽  
Sagar Taneja ◽  
Amardeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Phones ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Bar Codes ◽  
Optical Labels ◽  
Machine Readable

Quick response (QR) codes are two-dimensional codes. They are machine-readable optical labels which contain information of the object on which they are attached. Due to their large storage capacity and faster readability, they are becoming more popular than one-dimensional bar codes. They are widely used in creation of inventories, product tracking, document management, etc. With the widespread use of smart phones, QR codes are becoming more popular. QR code interpreting apps are freely available and all modern smartphones are equipped with a camera and internet to process and interpret these codes. The value of printed maps can also be enhanced by using QR codes. This chapter reviews how the value of printed or hard copy maps can be enhanced by adding QR codes that have multimedia content placed on the Cloud.

Analisis Pengembangan Fitur Obrolan Baru Berbasis Scan QR Code Pada Aplikasi Paziim

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Ike Yunia Pasa ◽  
Fuad Rifqi Zamzami
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Chat Room ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Media Applications ◽  
Depth Interviews

Quick Response (QR) Code is an image in the form of a two-dimensional matrix that has the ability to save the data in it. The QR Code feature is added to several social media, especially the Paziim chat application which aims to speed up starting a new chat with people who are not yet on the phone's contact list.The research method in the form of an interpretive qualitative approach is carried out with in depth interviews in several informants, observation and data collection at PT. Paziim AIO Platformindo. The results of the research in the form of the Paziim QR code feature can be developed to minimize the time to add new chat, features can help maintain privacy between users, scan QR Code accounts enter the chat room with contact add or block options, features can be used based on the version settings in the application Paziim and the new chat feature on Paziim which is the work of the nation's children can also be a differentiator with similar foreign-owned social media applications.

scholarly journals Options to Use Data Matrix Codes in Production Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Ladislav Karrach ◽  
Elena Pivarčiová
Keyword(s):  
Data Matrix ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
Perpendicular Line ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Shift Rotation ◽  
Matrix Codes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Candidate Regions

Abstract The paper deals with the possibilities of using Data Matrix codes in production engineering. We designed and tested the computationally efficient method for locating the Data Matrix code in the images. The location search procedure consists of identification of candidate regions using image binarization, then joining adjacent points into continuous regions and also examining outer boundaries of the regions. Afterwards we verify the presence of the Finder Pattern (as two perpendicular line segments) and Timing Pattern (as alternating sequence of black and white modules) in these candidate regions. Such procedure is invariant to shift rotation and scale change of Data Matrix codes. The method we have proposed has been verified on a set of real industrial images and compared to other commercial algorithms. We are also convinced that such technique is also suitable for real-time processing and has achieved better results than comparable commercial algorithms.

Use of Cloud, Multimedia, and QR Codes to Enhance Print Maps

2018 ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Harpinder Singh ◽  
Dheeraj Gambhir ◽  
Sagar Taneja ◽  
Amardeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Phones ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Bar Codes ◽  
Optical Labels ◽  
Machine Readable

Quick response (QR) codes are two-dimensional codes. They are machine-readable optical labels which contain information of the object on which they are attached. Due to their large storage capacity and faster readability, they are becoming more popular than one-dimensional bar codes. They are widely used in creation of inventories, product tracking, document management, etc. With the widespread use of smart phones, QR codes are becoming more popular. QR code interpreting apps are freely available and all modern smartphones are equipped with a camera and internet to process and interpret these codes. The value of printed maps can also be enhanced by using QR codes. This chapter reviews how the value of printed or hard copy maps can be enhanced by adding QR codes that have multimedia content placed on the Cloud.

A Novel Approach to Store an Image in QR Code

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3425-3435
Author(s):  
Nuchu Yeswanth Surya Srikar, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Image Data ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Quick Response Code ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Item Data ◽  
Machine Readable

: Quick Response Code is a machine-readable, two-dimensional barcode consisting of an array of black and white squares which can be scan quickly by any smartphone. It allows encoding over 4000 pulse characters in a two-dimensional barcode. It is used to store a small amount of information like web URL, item data, phone numbers and multimedia data. Due to restricted size in it, QR codes are presently limited in the extent to store the data. But the data in image format uses more space, if you want to store image data in QR code you must enlarge the storage capacity of QR code. In this paper, we propose a very simple form of lossy data compression, in which runs of data is dividing into blocks of equals size. The entire block is stored as a character rather than as the original run with generic HashMap which makes more robust and provides all sorts of security. Finally, our results are compared with other techniques to differentiate the optimality, efficiency of the new technique for producing optimal QR codes.

IMPLEMENTASI QUICK RESPONSE (QR) CODE PADA APLIKASI VALIDASI DOKUMEN MENGGUNAKAN PERANCANGAN UNIFIED MODELLING LANGUAGE (UML)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novan Adi Musthofa, Siti Mutrofin, Mohamad Ali Murtadho
Keyword(s):  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Uniform Resource Locator ◽  
Modelling Language ◽  
Web Browser ◽  
Unified Modelling Language

Dengan berkembangnya teknologi informasi, sering sekali terjadi penyelewengan dokumen terutama pada dokumen-dokumen cetak. Dokumen merupakan salah satu data yang sangat penting, karena dokumen merupakan sumber informasi yang diperlukan oleh suatu instansi, organisasi, negara, maupun individu. Tanpa dokumen, maka seseorang akan kehilangan data-data yang diperlukan untuk kegiatan di masa yang akan datang. Pemalsuan dokumen sangat mudah dilakukan dengan cara meniru bentuk serta isi dari suatu dokumen. Penelitian sebelumnya pernah dilakukan, namun dalam objek yang berbeda. Pemalsuan dokumen dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan Quick Response (QR) Code. QR Code mampu menyimpan semua jenis data, seperti data angka/numerik, alphanumeric, biner, kanji/kana. Selain itu QR Code memiliki tampilan yang lebih kecil daripada barcode. Untuk dapat membuat QR Code suatu dokumen maka dibuatlah sebuah aplikasi yaitu aplikasi Validasi Dokumen. Aplikasi Validasi Dokumen dirancang dengan menggunakan metode waterfall serta menggunakan perancangan Unified Modelling Language (UML). Bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan yaitu bahasa pemrograman PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) dengan database MySQL. Sebelum QR Code dibuat, terlebih dahulu data dokumen dienkripsi dan kemudian dijadikan QR Code. Hasil pemindaian QR Code berupa Uniform Resource Locator (URL) yang mengarah pada data dokumen. Ketika URL dijalankan pada web browser, sistem melakukan deskripsi pada URL, kemudian dicocokkan dengan database, dan selanjutnya ditampilkan ke web browser. Hasil akhir aplikasi Validasi Dokumen berupa QR Code yang digunakan untuk menyimpan URL yang  menunjukkan bahwa dokumen memang benar-banar dokumen yang resmi (bukan ilegal) dari suatu instansi. Pada uji coba penelitian ini juga dilakukan perbandingan kinerja dengan 3 aplikasi yang sejenis, 3 aplikasi pembanding tersebut dipilih karena memiliki hasil visual QR Code yang hampir mirip, namun jika dilakukan scanning memiliki hasil yang berbeda, karena fiturnya juga berbeda. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dengan 3 pembanding aplikasi yang sejenis, dengan menggunakan aplikasi yang diusulkan dalam penelitian ini, pemalsuan dokumen dapat dihindari dengan menggunakan aplikasi Validasi Dokumen selama tidak ada ikut campur orang dalam (superadmin/admin) dalam melakukan praktik pemalsuan dokumen. Pada penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan perbaikan kelemahan aplikasi ini, yaitu agar tidak menampilkan URL, namun hasil pemindai QR Code, langsung dapat menampilkan detail isi dokumen.

scholarly journals An Anti-Counterfeiting Architecture for Traceability System Based on Modified Two-Level Quick Response Codes

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Shundao Xie ◽  
Hong-Zhou Tan
Keyword(s):  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Copy Detection ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Scanned Image ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Product Package

Traceability is considered a promising solution for product safety. However, the data in the traceability system is only a claim rather than a fact. Therefore, the quality and safety of the product cannot be guaranteed since we cannot ensure the authenticity of products (aka counterfeit detection) in the real world. In this paper, we focus on counterfeit detection for the traceability system. The risk of counterfeiting throughout a typical product life cycle in the supply chain is analyzed, and the corresponding requirements for the tags, packages, and traceability system are given to eliminate these risks. Based on the analysis, an anti-counterfeiting architecture for traceability system based on two-level quick response codes (2LQR codes) is proposed, where the problem of counterfeit detection for a product is transformed into the problem of copy detection for the 2LQR code tag. According to the characteristics of the traceability system, the generation progress of the 2LQR code is modified, and there is a corresponding improved algorithm to estimate the actual location of patterns in the scanned image of the modified 2LQR code tag to improve the performance of copy detection. A prototype system based on the proposed architecture is implemented, where the consumers can perform traceability information queries by scanning the 2LQR code on the product package with any QR code reader. They can also scan the 2LQR code with a home-scanner or office-scanner, and send the scanned image to the system to perform counterfeit detection. Compared with other anti-counterfeiting solutions, the proposed architecture has advantages of low cost, generality, and good performance. Therefore, it is a promising solution to replace the existing anti-counterfeiting system.

scholarly journals ART-UP: A Novel Method for Generating Scanning-Robust Aesthetic QR Codes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Mingliang Xu ◽  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Jianwei Niu ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Xiting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Coarse To Fine

Quick response (QR) codes are usually scanned in different environments, so they must be robust to variations in illumination, scale, coverage, and camera angles. Aesthetic QR codes improve the visual quality, but subtle changes in their appearance may cause scanning failure. In this article, a new method to generate scanning-robust aesthetic QR codes is proposed, which is based on a module-based scanning probability estimation model that can effectively balance the tradeoff between visual quality and scanning robustness. Our method locally adjusts the luminance of each module by estimating the probability of successful sampling. The approach adopts the hierarchical, coarse-to-fine strategy to enhance the visual quality of aesthetic QR codes, which sequentially generate the following three codes: a binary aesthetic QR code, a grayscale aesthetic QR code, and the final color aesthetic QR code. Our approach also can be used to create QR codes with different visual styles by adjusting some initialization parameters. User surveys and decoding experiments were adopted for evaluating our method compared with state-of-the-art algorithms, which indicates that the proposed approach has excellent performance in terms of both visual quality and scanning robustness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document