scholarly journals Recognition of Perspective Distorted QR Codes with a Partially Damaged Finder Pattern in Real Scene Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7814
Author(s):  
Ladislav Karrach ◽  
Elena Pivarčiová ◽  
Pavol Bozek
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Image Binarization ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Operational Space ◽  
Perspective Distortion ◽  
Real Scene

QR (Quick Response) codes are one of the most famous types of two-dimensional (2D) matrix barcodes, which are the descendants of well-known 1D barcodes. The mobile robots which move in certain operational space can use information and landmarks from environment for navigation and such information may be provided by QR Codes. We have proposed algorithm, which localizes a QR Code in an image in a few sequential steps. We start with image binarization, then we continue with QR Code localization, where we utilize characteristic Finder Patterns, which are located in three corners of a QR Code, and finally we identify perspective distortion. The presented algorithm is able to deal with a damaged Finder Pattern, works well for low-resolution images and is computationally efficient.

scholarly journals Identification of QR Code Perspective Distortion Based on Edge Directions and Edge Projections Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Karrach ◽  
Elena Pivarčiová ◽  
Pavol Božek
Keyword(s):  
Qr Code ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Bar Codes ◽  
Perspective Distortion ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Matrix Codes ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Edges

QR (quick response) Codes are one of the most popular types of two-dimensional (2D) matrix codes currently used in a wide variety of fields. Two-dimensional matrix codes, compared to 1D bar codes, can encode significantly more data in the same area. We have compared algorithms capable of localizing multiple QR Codes in an image using typical finder patterns, which are present in three corners of a QR Code. Finally, we present a novel approach to identify perspective distortion by analyzing the direction of horizontal and vertical edges and by maximizing the standard deviation of horizontal and vertical projections of these edges. This algorithm is computationally efficient, works well for low-resolution images, and is also suited to real-time processing.

scholarly journals Animated Two-Dimensional Barcode Generation Using Optimization Algorithms – Redesign of Formulation, Operator, and Quality Evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ono ◽  
◽  
Kensuke Morinaga ◽  
Shigeru Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Code Generation ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Running Head ◽  
Generation Problem ◽  
Font Color

To improve on our previously proposed but problem-plagued innovation for generating animated and illustrated Quick Response (QR) codes, this paper proposes a method which formulates the animated QR code generation problem as an optimization problem rather than as a set of still QR code decoration problems. The proposed method also uses optimization operators designed for this problem and quality evaluation to maintain natural, smooth movement. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can generate animated QR codes involve a maximum of eight illustrations moving inside the code which maintaining decoding feasibility and smooth illustration movement.<FONT color="red" size="3">Erratum<br /></FONT> <FONT color="red" size="2">Due to a wrong manipulation during the correction of the proofs of the above paper, the running head title (short title) was incorrect. The correct running head title should have read as "Animated Two–Dimensional Barcode Generation."</FONT>

scholarly journals ART-UP: A Novel Method for Generating Scanning-Robust Aesthetic QR Codes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Mingliang Xu ◽  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Jianwei Niu ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Xiting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Coarse To Fine

Quick response (QR) codes are usually scanned in different environments, so they must be robust to variations in illumination, scale, coverage, and camera angles. Aesthetic QR codes improve the visual quality, but subtle changes in their appearance may cause scanning failure. In this article, a new method to generate scanning-robust aesthetic QR codes is proposed, which is based on a module-based scanning probability estimation model that can effectively balance the tradeoff between visual quality and scanning robustness. Our method locally adjusts the luminance of each module by estimating the probability of successful sampling. The approach adopts the hierarchical, coarse-to-fine strategy to enhance the visual quality of aesthetic QR codes, which sequentially generate the following three codes: a binary aesthetic QR code, a grayscale aesthetic QR code, and the final color aesthetic QR code. Our approach also can be used to create QR codes with different visual styles by adjusting some initialization parameters. User surveys and decoding experiments were adopted for evaluating our method compared with state-of-the-art algorithms, which indicates that the proposed approach has excellent performance in terms of both visual quality and scanning robustness.

scholarly journals Implementation for Quick Response Code

2019 ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
K. Ravikumar ◽  
R. Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Response Code ◽  
Quick Response Code ◽  
The People ◽  
Identity Card

Quick Response (QR) codes are versatile. a chunk of long trilingual text, a connected URL, an automatic SMS message, an identity card or simply regarding any data is embedded into the two-dimensional barcode. as well as moderate equipped mobile devices, QR Codes will connect the users to the data quickly and simply. The operations to retrieve or store QR codes are unbelievably easy and fast, and with mobile devices, build them the best academic tools for teaching and learning. QR codes are all over and most of the people have mobile phones equipped with QR code readers. though QR codes existed for over fifteen years, there arent such a lot of analysis applications during this space.

Use of Cloud, Multimedia, and QR Codes to Enhance Print Maps

2019 ◽  
pp. 1094-1099
Author(s):  
Harpinder Singh ◽  
Dheeraj Gambhir ◽  
Sagar Taneja ◽  
Amardeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Phones ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Bar Codes ◽  
Optical Labels ◽  
Machine Readable

Quick response (QR) codes are two-dimensional codes. They are machine-readable optical labels which contain information of the object on which they are attached. Due to their large storage capacity and faster readability, they are becoming more popular than one-dimensional bar codes. They are widely used in creation of inventories, product tracking, document management, etc. With the widespread use of smart phones, QR codes are becoming more popular. QR code interpreting apps are freely available and all modern smartphones are equipped with a camera and internet to process and interpret these codes. The value of printed maps can also be enhanced by using QR codes. This chapter reviews how the value of printed or hard copy maps can be enhanced by adding QR codes that have multimedia content placed on the Cloud.

scholarly journals XOR-ed visual secret sharing scheme with robust and meaningful shadows based on QR codes

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 5719-5741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longdan Tan ◽  
Yuliang Lu ◽  
Xuehu Yan ◽  
Lintao Liu ◽  
Xuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Secret Sharing ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Salt And Pepper Noise ◽  
Visual Secret Sharing ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Secret Image ◽  
Sharing Scheme ◽  
Salt And Pepper

AbstractQuick response (QR) codes are becoming increasingly popular in various areas of life due to the advantages of the error correction capacity, the ability to be scanned quickly and the capacity to contain meaningful content. The distribution of dark and light modules of a QR code looks random, but the content of a code can be decoded by a standard QR reader. Thus, a QR code is often used in combination with visual secret sharing (VSS) to generate meaningful shadows. There may be some losses in the process of distribution and preservation of the shadows. To recover secret images with high quality, it is necessary to consider the scheme’s robustness. However, few studies examine robustness of VSS combined with QR codes. In this paper, we propose a robust (k, n)-threshold XOR-ed VSS (XVSS) scheme based on a QR code with the error correction ability. Compared with OR-ed VSS (OVSS), XVSS can recover the secret image losslessly, and the amount of computation needed is low. Since the standard QR encoder does not check if the padding codewords are correct during the encoding phase, we replace padding codewords by initial shadows shared from the secret image using XVSS to generate QR code shadows. As a result, the shadows can be decoded normally, and their error correction abilities are preserved. Once all the shadows have been collected, the secret image can be recovered losslessly. More importantly, if some conventional image attacks, including rotation, JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, salt-and-pepper noise, cropping, resizing, and even the addition of camera and screen noises are performed on the shadows, the secret image can still be recovered. The experimental results and comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme.

scholarly journals Annotation of the medical images using quick response codes

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girūta Kazakevicūtė-Januskevicienė ◽  
Andrius Usinskas ◽  
Eugenijus Januskevicius ◽  
Jurgita Usinskienė ◽  
Simona Letautienė
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Jpeg 2000 ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Information Preservation ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
On Line ◽  
Information Detection ◽  
Acceptable Image Quality

The article proposes a novel annotating method of sufficient capacity and intended not only on-line but for off-line using for information preservation all advantages of two-dimensional barcodes. The semantic annotations are embedded directly into the reasonably chosen area of the image and bound by spatial identifiers with corresponding regions. The embedding method deals with the different quality requirements of the regions. Two-dimensional QR codes are used as the physical carrier of the annotation, providing the industrial grade for information detection, resilience and error correction capabilities. The annotation is distributed in a series of QR codes for efficient use of the available space. The results reveal that the spatial domain based technique is faster and has higher data embedding capacity than JPEG 2000 based. The amount of embedded information preserving the acceptable image quality in both proposed embedding cases is higher the average length of the presented original descriptions.

scholarly journals A Survey on Secrete Communication through QR Code Steganography for Military Application

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 728-731
Author(s):  
Nikita Bhoskar
Keyword(s):  
Secret Sharing ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Secret Sharing Scheme ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Visual Secret Sharing ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Response Code ◽  
Sharing Scheme ◽  
Quick Response Code

Abstract: The quick response code (QR) has become most popular barcode because of its larger data capacity and increased damage resistance. Barcode scanners can easily extract information hidden in the QR code when scanning data forms. However, some confidential data stored directly in QR codes are not secure in real world QR apps. To proposed approach to visual secret sharing scheme to encode a secret QR code into distinct shares. In assessment with other techniques, the shares in proposed scheme are valid QR codes that may be decoded with some unique that means of a trendy QR code reader, so that escaping increases suspicious attackers. An existing sharing technique is subjected to loss of security. On this premise, consider the strategy for (k, n) get to structures by using the (k, k) sharing occurrence on each k-member subset dependent on specific relationship. In addition, the secret message is recovered with the aid of XOR-ing the qualified shares. This operation which can effortlessly be achieved the use of smartphones or different QR scanning gadgets. Contribution work is, working on optimal partitioning methods and compare original message with shared message using hashing techniques. Keywords: Hashing, partitioning algorithm, error correction capacity, high security, Quick Response code, visual secret sharing scheme

Analisis Pengembangan Fitur Obrolan Baru Berbasis Scan QR Code Pada Aplikasi Paziim

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Ike Yunia Pasa ◽  
Fuad Rifqi Zamzami
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Chat Room ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Media Applications ◽  
Depth Interviews

Quick Response (QR) Code is an image in the form of a two-dimensional matrix that has the ability to save the data in it. The QR Code feature is added to several social media, especially the Paziim chat application which aims to speed up starting a new chat with people who are not yet on the phone's contact list.The research method in the form of an interpretive qualitative approach is carried out with in depth interviews in several informants, observation and data collection at PT. Paziim AIO Platformindo. The results of the research in the form of the Paziim QR code feature can be developed to minimize the time to add new chat, features can help maintain privacy between users, scan QR Code accounts enter the chat room with contact add or block options, features can be used based on the version settings in the application Paziim and the new chat feature on Paziim which is the work of the nation's children can also be a differentiator with similar foreign-owned social media applications.

MOBILE WALLETS AND CONSUMER SPENDING IN SINGAPORE: AGARWAL et al. REVISITED

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
LEO VAN HOVE
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Mobile Payments ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
Entrepreneurial Growth ◽  
The Impact

Agarwal et al. ( 2019 ). Mobile wallet and entrepreneurial growth. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 109, 48–53 analyze the impact of the introduction of quick response (QR) codes for mobile payments in Singapore. They find that this not only resulted in a significant increase in the use of mobile wallets, but that there was also a positive spillover effect on debit and credit card payments — in particular at small and new businesses. This note argues that the increase in card sales cannot have been driven by the QR code technology. I also proffer an alternative explanation, namely, that Agarwal et al. simply capture the concurrent increase in popularity of contactless cards.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document