scholarly journals Late Quaternary Marine Terraces and Tectonic Uplift Rates of the Broader Neapolis Area (SE Peloponnese, Greece)

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Efthimios Karymbalis ◽  
Konstantinos Tsanakas ◽  
Ioannis Tsodoulos ◽  
Kalliopi Gaki-Papanastassiou ◽  
Dimitrios Papanastassiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Osl Dating ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Marine Terraces ◽  
Coastal Uplift

Marine terraces are geomorphic markers largely used to estimate past sea-level positions and surface deformation rates in studies focused on climate and tectonic processes worldwide. This paper aims to investigate the role of tectonic processes in the late Quaternary evolution of the coastal landscape of the broader Neapolis area by assessing long-term vertical deformation rates. To document and estimate coastal uplift, marine terraces are used in conjunction with Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating and correlation to late Quaternary eustatic sea-level variations. The study area is located in SE Peloponnese in a tectonically active region. Geodynamic processes in the area are related to the active subduction of the African lithosphere beneath the Eurasian plate. A series of 10 well preserved uplifted marine terraces with inner edges ranging in elevation from 8 ± 2 m to 192 ± 2 m above m.s.l. have been documented, indicating a significant coastal uplift of the study area. Marine terraces have been identified and mapped using topographic maps (at a scale of 1:5000), aerial photographs, and a 2 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM), supported by extensive field observations. OSL dating of selected samples from two of the terraces allowed us to correlate them with late Pleistocene Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) sea-level highstands and to estimate the long-term uplift rate. Based on the findings of the above approach, a long-term uplift rate of 0.36 ± 0.11 mm a−1 over the last 401 ± 10 ka has been suggested for the study area. The spatially uniform uplift of the broader Neapolis area is driven by the active subduction of the African lithosphere beneath the Eurasian plate since the study area is situated very close (~90 km) to the active margin of the Hellenic subduction zone.

scholarly journals QUATERNARY CALCARENITE ("POROS") OF MYKONOS, DELOS AND RHENIA, CYCLADES ISLANDS, GREECE

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
M. Varti-Mataranga ◽  
D. W.J. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Terraces

Outcrops of friable calc-arenite of late Quaternary age, known as Poros rock, from Mykonos, Rhenia and Delos, are characterized sedimentologically and their cements are studied in thin section. Calcarenites of beach, coastal eolian dune, and pedogenic alluvium origin are distinguished sedimentologically. Beach calcarenite shows marine cementation by a uniform rim of micrite and bladed Mg-calcite. Some eolian dunes show precipitation of needle aragonite, probably from sea spray, but the dominant cements are sparry calcite from groundwater and vadose zone deposition of irregular micrite with meniscus and gravitational textures. Pedogenically cemented alluvium shows the characteristics of caliche, such as rhizoliths with clots and globules of micrite and circumgranular cracking. One outcrop of calcarenite from Panormos Bay in Mykonos shows beach fades at +2.5 to +4.0 m above present sea level, overlying cemented debris flow deposits. This occurrence is interpreted as Tyrrhenian in age (isotopie stage 5e) and implies regional long-term subsidence of 2 cm/ka, consistent with the lack of marine terraces in the area. Archeological sites on Delos show irregular variations of sea level of about 1 m in the past 2.5 ka, probably related to movement on faults.

Formation and preservation of marine terraces during multiple sea level stands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca C Malatesta ◽  
Noah J. Finnegan ◽  
Kimberly Huppert ◽  
Emily Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Marine Terrace ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Marine Terraces ◽  
Uplift Rates ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Wave Erosion ◽  
Mis 5E

<p>Marine terraces are a cornerstone for the study of paleo sea level and crustal deformation. Commonly, individual erosive marine terraces are attributed to unique sea level high-stands. This stems from early reasoning that marine platforms could only be significantly widened under moderate rates of sea level rise as at the beginning of an interglacial and preserved onshore by subsequent sea level fall. However, if marine terraces are only created during brief windows at the start of interglacials, this implies that terraces are unchanged over the vast majority of their evolution, despite an often complex submergence history during which waves are constantly acting on the coastline, regardless of the sea level stand.<span> </span></p><p>Here, we question the basic assumption that individual marine terraces are uniquely linked to distinct sea level high stands and highlight how a single marine terrace can be created By reoccupation of the same uplifting platform by successive sea level stands. We then identify the biases that such polygenetic terraces can introduce into relative sea level reconstructions and inferences of rock uplift rates from marine terrace chronostratigraphy.</p><p>Over time, a terrace’s cumulative exposure to wave erosion depends on the local rock uplift rate. Faster rock uplift rates lead to less frequent (fewer reoccupations) or even single episodes of wave erosion of an uplifting terrace and the generation and preservation of numerous terraces. Whereas slower rock uplift rates lead to repeated erosion of a smaller number of polygenetic terraces. The frequency and duration of terrace exposure to wave erosion at sea level depend strongly on rock uplift rate.</p><p>Certain rock uplift rates may therefore promote the generation and preservation of particular terraces (e.g. those eroded during recent interglacials). For example, under a rock uplift rate of ca. 1.2 mm/yr, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e (ca. 120 ka) would resubmerge a terrace eroded ca. 50 kyr earlier for tens of kyr during MIS 6d–e stages (ca. 190–170 ka) and expose it to further wave erosion at sea level. This reoccupation could accordingly promote the formation of a particularly wide or well planed terrace associated with MIS 5e with a greater chance of being preserved and identified. This effect is potentially illustrated by a global compilation of rock uplift rates derived from MIS 5e terraces. It shows an unusual abundance of marine terraces documenting uplift rates between 0.8 and 1.2 mm/yr, supporting the hypothesis that these uplift rates promote exposure of the same terrace to wave erosion during multiple sea level stands.</p><p>Hence, the elevations and widths of terraces eroded during specific sea level stands vary widely from site-to-site and depend on local rock uplift rate. Terraces do not necessarily correspond to an elevation close to that of the latest sea level high-stand but may reflect the elevation of an older, longer-lived, occupation. This leads to potential misidentification of terraces if each terrace in a sequence is assumed to form uniquely at successive interglacial high stands and to reflect their elevations.</p>

Late Quaternary uplift rate inferred from marine terraces, Shimokita Peninsula, northeastern Japan: A preliminary investigation of the buried shoreline angle

Geomorphology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabito Matsu'ura ◽  
Haruo Kimura ◽  
Junko Komatsubara ◽  
Norihisa Goto ◽  
Makoto Yanagida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Shimokita Peninsula ◽  
Marine Terraces ◽  
Northeastern Japan

scholarly journals Pleistocene raised marine terraces of the Spanish Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts: records of coastal uplift, sea-level highstands and climate changes

2003 ◽  
Vol 194 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari Zazo ◽  
José Luis Goy ◽  
Cristino J Dabrio ◽  
Teresa Bardajı́ ◽  
Claude Hillaire-Marcel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Marine Terraces ◽  
Coastal Uplift

scholarly journals Marine terraces of the last interglacial period along the Pacific coast of South America (1° N–40° S)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2487-2513
Author(s):  
Roland Freisleben ◽  
Julius Jara-Muñoz ◽  
Daniel Melnick ◽  
José Miguel Martínez ◽  
Manfred R. Strecker
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
South Central ◽  
Marine Terraces

Abstract. Tectonically active coasts are dynamic environments characterized by the presence of multiple marine terraces formed by the combined effects of wave erosion, tectonic uplift, and sea-level oscillations at glacial-cycle timescales. Well-preserved erosional terraces from the last interglacial sea-level highstand are ideal marker horizons for reconstructing past sea-level positions and calculating vertical displacement rates. We carried out an almost continuous mapping of the last interglacial marine terrace along ∼ 5000 km of the western coast of South America between 1∘ N and 40∘ S. We used quantitatively replicable approaches constrained by published terrace-age estimates to ultimately compare elevations and patterns of uplifted terraces with tectonic and climatic parameters in order to evaluate the controlling mechanisms for the formation and preservation of marine terraces and crustal deformation. Uncertainties were estimated on the basis of measurement errors and the distance from referencing points. Overall, our results indicate a median elevation of 30.1 m, which would imply a median uplift rate of 0.22 m kyr−1 averaged over the past ∼ 125 kyr. The patterns of terrace elevation and uplift rate display high-amplitude (∼ 100–200 m) and long-wavelength (∼ 102 km) structures at the Manta Peninsula (Ecuador), the San Juan de Marcona area (central Peru), and the Arauco Peninsula (south-central Chile). Medium-wavelength structures occur at the Mejillones Peninsula and Topocalma in Chile, while short-wavelength (< 10 km) features are for instance located near Los Vilos, Valparaíso, and Carranza, Chile. We interpret the long-wavelength deformation to be controlled by deep-seated processes at the plate interface such as the subduction of major bathymetric anomalies like the Nazca and Carnegie ridges. In contrast, short-wavelength deformation may be primarily controlled by sources in the upper plate such as crustal faulting, which, however, may also be associated with the subduction of topographically less pronounced bathymetric anomalies. Latitudinal differences in climate additionally control the formation and preservation of marine terraces. Based on our synopsis we propose that increasing wave height and tidal range result in enhanced erosion and morphologically well-defined marine terraces in south-central Chile. Our study emphasizes the importance of using systematic measurements and uniform, quantitative methodologies to characterize and correctly interpret marine terraces at regional scales, especially if they are used to unravel the tectonic and climatic forcing mechanisms of their formation. This database is an integral part of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), published online at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309748 (Freisleben et al., 2020).

Eustatic control of late Quaternary sea-level change in the Arabian/Persian Gulf

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Stevens ◽  
Matthew J. Jestico ◽  
Graham Evans ◽  
Anthony Kirkham
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Osl Dating ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Coastal Evolution ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Sea Level Variations ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractAccurate sea-level reconstruction is critical in understanding the drivers of coastal evolution. Inliers of shallow marine limestone and aeolianite are exposed as zeugen (carbonate-capped erosional remnants) on the southern coast of the Arabian/Persian Gulf. These have generally been accepted as evidence of a eustatically driven, last-interglacial relative sea-level highstand preceded by a penultimate glacial-age lowstand. Instead, recent optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating suggests a last glacial age for these deposits, requiring >100 m of uplift since the last glacial maximum in order to keep pace with eustatic sea-level rise and implying the need for a wholesale revision of tectonic, stratigraphic and sea-level histories of the Gulf. These two hypotheses have radically different implications for regional neotectonics and land–sea distribution histories. Here we test these hypotheses using OSL dating of the zeugen formations. These new ages are remarkably consistent with earlier interpretations of the formations being last interglacial or older in age, showing that tectonic movements are negligible and eustatic sea-level variations are responsible for local sea-level changes in the Gulf. The cause of the large age differences between recent studies is unclear, although it appears related to large differences in the measured accumulated dose in different OSL samples.

scholarly journals Marine terraces of the last interglacial period along the Pacific coast of South America (1° N–40° S)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Freisleben ◽  
Julius Jara-Muñoz ◽  
Daniel Melnick ◽  
José Miguel Martínez ◽  
Manfred R. Strecker
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Continuous Mapping ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
South Central ◽  
Marine Terraces

Abstract. Tectonically active coasts are dynamic environments characterized by the presence of multiple marine terraces formed by the combined effects of wave-erosion, tectonic uplift, and sea-level oscillations at glacial-cycle timescales. Well-preserved erosional terraces from the last interglacial sea-level highstand are ideal marker horizons for reconstructing past sea-level positions and calculating vertical displacement rates. We carried out an almost continuous mapping of the last interglacial marine terrace along ~5,000 km of the western coast of South America between 1° N and 40° S. We used quantitatively replicable approaches constrained by published terrace-age estimates to ultimately compare elevations and patterns of uplifted terraces with tectonic and climatic parameters in order to evaluate the controlling mechanisms for the formation and preservation of marine terraces, and crustal deformation. Uncertainties were estimated on the basis of measurement errors and the distance from referencing points. Overall, our results indicate a median elevation of 30.1 m, which would imply a median uplift rate of 0.22 m/ka averaged over the past ~125 ka. The patterns of terrace elevation and uplift rate display high-amplitude (~100–200 m) and long-wavelength (~102 km) structures at the Manta Peninsula (Ecuador), the San Juan de Marcona area (central Peru), and the Arauco Peninsula (south-central Chile). Medium-wavelength structures occur at the Mejillones Peninsula and Topocalma in Chile, while short-wavelength (

scholarly journals Morphology of the Raised Shore Platforms along the Coastline between Daghmar and Dhabab, Sultanate of Oman

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Mubarak Al Hatrushi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Present Level ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Shore Platforms

Raised shore platforms, are rocky surfaces formed by wave action and subaerial weathering during global high sea level stands. The present height of the raised shore platforms is attributed to several factors, mainly to eustatic sea level changes, isostatic changes in the relative level of land and sea, and vertical tectonic activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the detailed morphology of the raised shore platform along the rocky coastline between Daghmar and Dhabab, in the southeastern part of Muscat Governorate. The study also intends to establish a tentative chronology of the raised shore platforms development. The methodology is based on field observation and documentation, along with satellite and aerial photographs analysis. The results have shown that the study area has a sequence of five successive, well developed raised shore platforms and well preserved, except the platform at 10m altitude which is only found in isolated fragments. The formation of the raised shore platforms has been affected by a number of constructive factors including tectonic activity, and destructive factors such as fluvial action and subaerial weathering. No absolute dating has been reported or can be obtained from the study area, due to its erosional nature. However, dating from the shorelines adjacent to the study area, ranging in heights from 3 to 15m above sea level, revealed a narrow range of 26,400 to 29,600 years. This period coincides with the last glaciations when the sea level was at about 75m below the present level, and thus did not match with the altitudes of the platforms. This suggests that the platforms could be belong to the last interglacial high sea level, when the sea level stood at about 6m above the present level. Based on this scenario, the study concludes that the coastline of the study area has not experienced any significant uplift during the Late Quaternary. 

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