scholarly journals Genome-Wide Insight into Profound Effect of Carbon Catabolite Repressor (Cre1) on the Insect-Pathogenic Lifecycle of Beauveria bassiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Rehab Abdelmonem Mohamed ◽  
Kang Ren ◽  
Ya-Ni Mou ◽  
Sheng-Hua Ying ◽  
Ming-Guang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Catabolite Repressor ◽  
Insect Integument ◽  
Insight Into

Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is critical for the preferential utilization of glucose derived from environmental carbon sources and regulated by carbon catabolite repressor A (Cre1/CreA) in filamentous fungi. However, a role of Cre1-mediated CCR in insect-pathogenic fungal utilization of host nutrients during normal cuticle infection (NCI) and hemocoel colonization remains explored insufficiently. Here, we report an indispensability of Cre1 for Beauveria bassiana’s utilization of nutrients in insect integument and hemocoel. Deletion of cre1 resulted in severe defects in radial growth on various media, hypersensitivity to oxidative stress, abolished pathogenicity via NCI or intrahemocoel injection (cuticle-bypassing infection) but no change in conidial hydrophobicity and adherence to insect cuticle. Markedly reduced biomass accumulation in the Δcre1 cultures was directly causative of severe defect in aerial conidiation and reduced secretion of various cuticle-degrading enzymes. The majority (1117) of 1881 dysregulated genes identified from the Δcre1 versus wild-type cultures were significantly downregulated, leading to substantial repression of many enriched function terms and pathways, particularly those involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, cuticle degradation, antioxidant response, cellular transport and homeostasis, and direct/indirect gene mediation. These findings offer a novel insight into profound effect of Cre1 on the insect-pathogenic lifestyle of B. bassiana.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of chitinase genes in Thalassiosira pseudonana and analysis of their expression under abiotic stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haomiao Cheng ◽  
Zhanru Shao ◽  
Chang Lu ◽  
Delin Duan
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Thalassiosira Pseudonana ◽  
Centric Diatom ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
The Many ◽  
Chitinase Genes ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background The nitrogen-containing polysaccharide chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth and is found in the cell walls of diatoms, where it serves as a scaffold for biosilica deposition. Diatom chitin is an important source of carbon and nitrogen in the marine environment, but surprisingly little is known about basic chitinase metabolism in diatoms. Results Here, we identify and fully characterize 24 chitinase genes from the model centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. We demonstrate that their expression is broadly upregulated under abiotic stresses, despite the fact that chitinase activity itself remains unchanged, and we discuss several explanations for this result. We also examine the potential transcriptional complexity of the intron-rich T. pseudonana chitinase genes and provide evidence for two separate tandem duplication events during their evolution. Conclusions Given the many applications of chitin and chitin derivatives in suture production, wound healing, drug delivery, and other processes, new insight into diatom chitin metabolism has both theoretical and practical value.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Analysis of Insomnia (N=1,331,010) Identifies Novel Loci and Functional Pathways

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Jansen ◽  
Kyoko Watanabe ◽  
Sven Stringer ◽  
Nathan Skene ◽  
Julien Bryois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Chromatin Interaction ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractInsomnia is the second-most prevalent mental disorder, with no sufficient treatment available. Despite a substantial role of genetic factors, only a handful of genes have been implicated and insight into the associated neurobiological pathways remains limited. Here, we use an unprecedented large genetic association sample (N=1,331,010) to allow detection of a substantial number of genetic variants and gain insight into biological functions, cell types and tissues involved in insomnia complaints. We identify 202 genome-wide significant loci implicating 956 genes through positional, eQTL and chromatin interaction mapping. We show involvement of the axonal part of neurons, of specific cortical and subcortical tissues, and of two specific cell-types in insomnia: striatal medium spiny neurons and hypothalamic neurons. These cell-types have been implicated previously in the regulation of reward processing, sleep and arousal in animal studies, but have never been genetically linked to insomnia in humans. We found weak genetic correlations with other sleep-related traits, but strong genetic correlations with psychiatric and metabolic traits. Mendelian randomization identified causal effects of insomnia on specific psychiatric and metabolic traits. Our findings reveal key brain areas and cells implicated in the neurobiology of insomnia and its related disorders, and provide novel targets for treatment.

scholarly journals TREM2/PLCγ2 signalling in immune cells: function, structural insight, and potential therapeutic modulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Magno ◽  
Tom D. Bunney ◽  
Emma Mead ◽  
Fredrik Svensson ◽  
Magda N. Bictash
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe central role of the resident innate immune cells of the brain (microglia) in neurodegeneration has become clear over the past few years largely through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and has rapidly become an active area of research. However, a mechanistic understanding (gene to function) has lagged behind. That is now beginning to change, as exemplified by a number of recent exciting and important reports that provide insight into the function of two key gene products – TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells 2) and PLCγ2 (Phospholipase C gamma2) – in microglia, and their role in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review we explore and discuss these recent advances and the opportunities that they may provide for the development of new therapies.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of Chitinase Genes in Thalassiosira Pseudonana and Analysis of Their Expression Under Abiotic Stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haomiao Cheng ◽  
Zhanru Shao ◽  
Chang Lu ◽  
Delin Duan
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Thalassiosira Pseudonana ◽  
Centric Diatom ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
The Many ◽  
Chitinase Genes ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: The nitrogen-containing polysaccharide chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth and is found in the cell walls of diatoms, where it serves as a scaffold for biosilica deposition. Diatom chitin is an important source of carbon and nitrogen in the marine environment, but surprisingly little is known about basic chitinase metabolism in diatoms.Results: Here, we identify and fully characterize 24 chitinase genes from the model centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. We demonstrate that their expression is broadly upregulated under abiotic stresses, despite the fact that chitinase activity itself remains unchanged, and we discuss several explanations for this result. We also examine the potential transcriptional complexity of the intron-rich T. pseudonana chitinase genes and provide evidence for two separate tandem duplication events during their evolution.Conclusions: Given the many applications of chitin and chitin derivatives in suture production, wound healing, drug delivery, and other processes, new insight into diatom chitin metabolism has both theoretical and practical value.

scholarly journals Genetics of Behçet’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayca Kocaaga
Keyword(s):  
Behçet’S Disease ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Autoinflammatory Disease ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Behçet's Disease ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Behcet's Disease ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Insight Into

Behçet’s disease (BD; MIM 109650) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by with recurrent oral aphthae, genital ulcers and vasculitis involving the skin, joints, eyes, veins, arteries, nervous and gastrointestinal systems. Although the pathogenesis remains uncertain, genome-wide and validation studies have demonstrated that genetic predisposition is a major factor in disease susceptibility. Several gene polymorphisms that are involved in the response to pathogens and modulate inflammation have been associated with the pathophysiology of BD. Understanding the genetic association with BD may ensure insight into the pathogenesis and for development of targeted therapies for this autoinflammatory disease. This chapter will deal the role of genetic and epigenetic factors as contributing factors in the pathogenesis of BD.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analyses point to differences in genetic architecture of BMI between tall and short people

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochao D. Lin ◽  
Benjamin H. Mullin ◽  
Scott G. Wilson ◽  
John P. Walsh ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Biological Insight ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractTo examine differences in the genetic architecture of BMI between tall and short people, we conducted genome-wide and follow-up analyses using UK Biobank data. We identify 57 loci as height-specific, detect differences in SNP-based heritability between tall and short people and show how genetic correlations between the two rises during the lifespan. Using phenome-wide analyses (PHEWAS), a significant association between a short people-specific locus on MC4R and energy portion size was detected. We identify one locus (GPC5-GPC6) with different effect directions on BMI in short and tall people. PHEWAS indicates this locus is associated with bone mineral density. Transcriptome-wide analyses hint that genes differentially associated with BMI in short vs tall people are enriched in brain tissue. Our findings highlight the role of height in the genetic underpinnings of BMI, provide biological insight into mechanisms underlying height-dependent differences in BMI and show that in short and tall people obesity is a risk factor that differentially increases susceptibility for disease.

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