scholarly journals Disseminated Fungal Infection and Fungemia Caused by Trichosporon asahii in a Captive Plumed Basilisk (Basiliscus plumifrons)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Chieh Lo ◽  
Chu-Lin Kang ◽  
Pei-Lun Sun ◽  
Pin-Huan Yu ◽  
Wen-Ta Li
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Trichosporon Asahii ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Hind Foot

Trichosporon spp. are heavily arthroconidiating fungi and widely distributed in nature. Due to the similar fungal morphology, confusion among Trichosporon spp., Geotrichum spp., and Nannizziopsis spp. in reptiles is apparent and cannot be overlooked. Although few reptile Trichosporon isolates have been examined using the newer speciation criteria, the information on Trichosporon asahii in reptiles is still scarce. In the present study, we report the case of disseminated fungal infection and fungemia caused by T. asahii in a captive plumed basilisk (Basiliscus plumifrons). Multiple 0.2–0.5 cm, irregularly shaped, ulcerative nodules on the left hind foot were observed. The animal died due to the non-responsiveness to treatment. A microscopic evaluation revealed the fungal infection that primarily affected the left hind foot and right lung lobe with fungal embolisms in the lung and liver. The molecular identification of the fungal species by the DNA sequences of the ITS regions and D1/D2 gene from the fungal culture and ITS regions, from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissues, were completely matched to those of T. asahii. The current report describes the first confirmed case of disseminated fungal infection and fungemia caused by T. asahii in a captive plumed basilisk.

scholarly journals Pulmonary fungal ball due to Trichophyton successfully managed with oral itraconazole: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052110662
Author(s):  
Hsu-Lin Lee ◽  
Li-Mien Chen ◽  
Chen-Chu Chang ◽  
Guan-Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lung Field ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oral Itraconazole

Pulmonary fungal balls are caused by long-term fungal infection of the lung. They are sometimes a complication of previous cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary fungal balls caused by Trichophyton are extremely rare. A 65-year-old man who worked in a leather recycling factory was admitted because of a productive cough and shortness of breath. He had a history of tuberculosis with lung destruction. A chest radiograph showed an opacity surrounding an air lucency over the left lung field, and chest computed tomography showed a mass within a cavity, producing a ball-in-hole appearance, over the left upper lung lobe. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, and fungal culture of the lavage fluid yielded Trichophyton. After 6 months of treatment with oral itraconazole, the patient’s general condition improved. This case emphasizes the importance of awareness of fungal infection within cavitary lesions of the lung and shows that Trichophyton may be the etiologic organism in such cases. Itraconazole is a recommended treatment of pulmonary fungal balls.

scholarly journals Inter- and Intra-Continental Genetic Variation in the Generalist Conifer Wood Saprobic Fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Francesco Dovana ◽  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Matteo Garbelotto
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
North American ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Phlebiopsis Gigantea ◽  
Conifer Wood

Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jülich is a well-known generalist conifer wood saprobe and a biocontrol fungus used in several world countries to prevent stump infection by tree pathogenic Heterobasidion fungal species. Previous studies have reported the presence of regional and continental genetic differentiation in host-specific fungi, but the presence of such differentiation for generalist wood saprobes such as P. gigantea has not been often studied or demonstrated. Additionally, little information exists on the distribution of this fungus in western North America. The main purposes of this study were: (I) to assess the presence of P. gigantea in California, (II) to explore the genetic variability of P. gigantea at the intra and inter-continental levels and (III) to analyze the phylogeographic relationships between American and European populations. Seven loci (nrITS, ML5–ML6, ATP6, RPB1, RPB2, GPD and TEF1-α) from 26 isolates of P. gigantea from coniferous forests in diverse geographic distribution and from different hosts were analyzed in this study together with 45 GenBank sequences. One hundred seventy-four new sequences were generated using either universal or specific primers designed in this study. The mitochondrial ML5–ML6 DNA and ATP6 regions were highly conserved and did not show differences between any of the isolates. Conversely, DNA sequences from the ITS, RPB1, RPB2, GPD and TEF1-α loci were variable among samples. Maximum likelihood analysis of GPD and TEF1-α strongly supported the presences of two different subgroups within the species but without congruence or geographic partition, suggesting the presence of retained ancestral polymorphisms. RPB1 and RPB2 sequences separated European isolates from American ones, while the GPD locus separated western North American samples from eastern North American ones. This study reports the presence of P. gigantea in California for the first time using DNA-based confirmation and identifies two older genetically distinct subspecific groups, as well as three genetically differentiated lineages within the species: one from Europe, one from eastern North America and one from California, with the latter presumably including individuals from the rest of western North America. The genetic differentiation identified here among P. gigantea individuals from coniferous forests from different world regions indicates that European isolates of this fungus should not be used in North America (or vice versa), and, likewise, commercially available eastern North American P. gigantea isolates should not be used in western North America forests. The reported lack of host specificity of P. gigantea was documented by the field survey and further reinforces the need to only use local isolates of this biocontrol fungus, given that genetically distinct exotic genotypes of a broad generalist microbe may easily spread and permanently alter the microbial biodiversity of native forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Filamentous Fungi in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Specimens in Invasive Fungal Wound Infections Is Feasible with High Specificity

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Ganesan ◽  
Justin Wells ◽  
Faraz Shaikh ◽  
Philip Peterson ◽  
William Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Panfungal Pcr ◽  
Formalin Fixed

ABSTRACT Trauma-related invasive fungal wound infections (IFIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early identification and treatment are critical. Traditional identification methods (e.g., fungal cultures and histopathology) can be delayed and insensitive. We assessed a PCR-based sequencing assay for rapid identification of filamentous fungi in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens obtained from combat casualties injured in Afghanistan. Blinded FFPE specimens from cases (specimens positive on histopathology) and controls (specimens negative on histopathology) were submitted for evaluation with a panfungal PCR. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the fungal ribosomal repeat was amplified and sequenced. The PCR results were compared with findings from histopathology and/or culture. If injury sites contributed multiple specimens, findings for the site were collapsed to the site level. We included 64 case subjects (contributing 95 sites) and 102 controls (contributing 118 sites). Compared to histopathology, panfungal PCR was specific (99%), but not as sensitive (63%); however, sensitivity improved to 83% in specimens from sites with angioinvasion. Panfungal PCR identified fungi of the order Mucorales in 33 of 44 sites with angioinvasion (75%), whereas fungal culture was positive in 20 of 44 sites (45%). Saksenaea spp. were the dominant fungi identified by PCR in specimens from angioinvasion sites (57%). Panfungal PCR is specific, albeit with lower sensitivity, and performs better at identifying fungi of the order Mucorales than culture. DNA sequencing offers significant promise for the rapid identification of fungal infection in trauma-related injuries, leading to more timely and accurate diagnoses.

scholarly journals An Over View of Ovine and Caprine Dermatophytosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wisal G. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Direct Examination

Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection of hair and keratinized layers of the epidermis and is caused by keratinophilic and keratinolytic genera such as Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. The animal age and trauma are important predisposing factors of disease. Show lambs are more susceptible to ringworm. T. verrucosum has been cited as a major agent encountered in cases of ovine and caprine ringworm. Lesions in lambs are most often noticed on the head while in goats lesions can occur beside head in pinnae, neck, and legs. The disease can be diagnosed by direct examination, fungal culture, skin biopsy and molecular diagnostic methods. This review will forecast more light on the different aspects of this disease.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of Keratinophilic Fungi in Baghdad Swimming Pools

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122-1129
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Keratinophilic Fungi ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Isolation Period

The present study was included the isolation of Keratinophilic fungi from water samples taken from 19 indoor public swimming pools in Baghdad during four season (summer ,fall ,spring ,and winter). Isolation period was September 2011and September 2012 . Samples were collected from different places in swimming pool . Sixteen keratinophilic fungal species, belonging to twenty –one genera were isolated using Surface Dilution Plating (SDP) and Hair Bait Technique (HBT) . Aspergillus genus was the most frequent and occurrence (19.84%), followed by Trichophyton (11.60%) and Fusarium (7.59% ) . The most common fungal infection occurred in summer season (42.16%) , and the most frequent month manifestation of species occurred in August (17%) .

scholarly journals 265. Clinical Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Infection with Aspergillus and Mucor Species in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S147-S147
Author(s):  
Zacharoula Oikonomopoulou ◽  
Sameer Patel ◽  
Jacquie Toia ◽  
William Muller
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infection ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and patients with hematologic malignancies are at increased risk for acquiring invasive fungal infection (IFI) due to immune system impairment from chemotherapy. Affected patients require prolonged antifungal therapy with the risk of associated toxicity and extended hospitalization due to delay of accurate diagnosis. There is a lack of effective serologic biomarkers and hesitancy to proceed with tissue diagnosis due to thrombocytopenia or other associated risks. Mortality in oncology patients with invasive mycoses is high, with pediatric mortality rates of 30–40% at 12 weeks following diagnosis. Methods All patients that were admitted to Lurie Children’s Hospital between January 2014 and December 2018 and received voriconazole, ambisome, posaconazole and isavuconazole were identified. The following data were retrospectively collected: CT chest and sinus, (1,3)-β-d-Glucan and Aspergillus galactomannan, ANC and ALC at diagnosis, blood next-generation sequencing, tissue 18s rRNA, fungal culture, duration of neutropenia and lymphopenia, site of infection, time between underlying diagnosis and development of IFI, surgical intervention and associated mortality. Results A total of 94 unique patients that received voriconazole were identified. There were 8 proven cases of invasive Aspergillus infection the past 5 years, 50% male, mean age 14 years. Only 25% of patients had positive serum Aspergillus galactomannan and 37.5% had positive β-d-Glucan. Seven cases were due to Aspergillus fumigatus and one case was due to Aspergillus flavus. There were 9 patients with mucormycosis and all but one were culture positive. Three patients with Mucor had mold identification in blood next-generation sequencing prior to surgery. Mucor associated mortality was 22.2%. Conclusion The majority of pediatric patients with invasive aspergillosis did not have characteristic chest CT imaging findings and serum Aspergillus galactomannan was usually negative.The was no associated mortality in invasive Aspergillus cases, whereas the mortality rate of invasive mucormycosis was 22.2%. Although we have a small sample size, this is significantly lower compared with published literature. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Detection of Canine Parvovirus in Naturally Infected Dogs with Enteritis and Myocarditis by in Situ Hybridization

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whan-Gook Nho ◽  
Jung-Hyang Sur ◽  
Alan R. Doster ◽  
Soon-Bok Kim
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Labeled Probe

An improved method for the diagnosis of canine parvovirus using in situ hybridization in standard formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections was developed. A digoxigenin-labeled probe complementary to DNA sequences that code for the entire sequence of the capsid protein VP-1 and the middle part of the sequence of the capsid protein VP-2 was designed. Specific histologic localization of canine parvovirus-infected cells was demonstrated in small intestine, tonsil, lymph node, thymus, spleen, heart, liver, and kidney from dogs diagnosed at necropsy with canine parvovirus infection. The in situ hybridization accurately pinpointed the specific sites of viral infection. The detection of canine parvovirus in liver, kidney, and heart tissues together in the same pups could represent an enhanced virulence of this strain of canine parvovirus and suggests a broadened tissue tropism not seen before in Korean strains of canine parvovirus.

Systemic Acremonium species infection in a dog

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (06) ◽  
pp. 424-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Geisweid ◽  
Katrin Hartmann ◽  
Johannes Hirschberger ◽  
Monir Majzoub ◽  
Bianka Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Neurological Signs

SummaryA 2-year-old female Magyar Viszla was referred with fever, lethargy, polyuria/polydipsia, and suspected systemic cryptococcosis. At presentation increased rectal temperature and enlarged lymph nodes were detected. Main laboratory abnormalities included lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, and mildly reduced urine specific gravity. Abdominal ultrasound was unremarkable. Lymph node cytology revealed mycotic infection. Acremonium species was isolated from urine as well as from a popliteal lymph node by fungal culture. Therapy with itraconazol (10 mg/kg p. o. q 12 h) was initiated based on susceptibility testing, but dosage had to be reduced by half due to adverse effects. Despite treatment, the dog developed progressive azotemia. Four months after initial presentation, the patient showed anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, diarrhea, vomitus, neurological signs, and severe azotemia and was euthanized. Acremonium species are emerging opportunistic mould fungi that can represent a potential threat for immunocompromised humans. In dogs, only two cases of systemic infection with this fungal species have been reported so far. This case highlights the fact that systemic fungal infections should be considered as a differential in cases of fever and lymphadenopathy.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Ocular Fungal Infection in Equine from Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Amin Tahoun ◽  
Helmy K. Elnafarawy ◽  
Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy ◽  
Abdelhamed Abdelhady ◽  
Amira M. Rizk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Diagnosis and treatment of ocular fungal infection in equine seems very challenging for owners and clinicians. The present study aimed to identify and characterize fungal species isolated from the eyes of clinically healthy and diseased equines (N = 100) from Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The work also involved morphological and molecular characterization of the major fungal species. In addition, correlations between the occurrence of isolated fungi and some of the potential risk factors were also investigated. Interestingly, the prevalence rate of ocular mycosis in all examined equines in the study was 28% and there were major clinical signs associated with ocular fungal infection. Moreover, the identified fungal species included Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., and Alternari spp. with a corresponding prevalence rate of 63.9%, 27.8%, 15.3%, 18.1%, 13.9%, and 4.2%, respectively, in healthy equine eyes, while their prevalence in diseased equine eyes was 57.1%, 32.1%, 21.4%, 7.1%, 3.6%, and 0%. Furthermore, a statistical significant association (p < 0.05) was found between the frequency of isolation of A. fumigatus and Penicillium and several risk factors (breed, sex, and ground type), while the remaining risk factors and occurrence of fungi were not statistically correlated. A subset of the Aspergillus species samples positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were sequenced and their phylogenetic analysis identified three species of Aspergillus. Taken together, our study provides novel data related to the occurrence of ocular mycosis in equine in Egypt. Given the zoonotic potential of some identified fungi, our data may be helpful for implementation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for combating this sight-threatening infection in equine.

Strelitziana sarbhoyi sp. nov. (Strelitzianaceae, Chaetothyriales), from North-Western Himalayas, India, described based on morphology and molecular phylogeny

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 427 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
SHIWALI RANA ◽  
SANJAY KUMAR SINGH ◽  
PARAS NATH SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Holotype Specimen ◽  
North Western

Strelitziana sarbhoyi is established as a new species to accommodate a phylloplane fungus isolated from Mallotus philippensis collected from Kangra region of North-Western Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh. The identity of the fungus is confirmed based on the asexual-morphs, cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and partial nuclear ribosomal 28S large subunit (LSU) sequence data. The placement of S. sarbhoyi in the phylogenetic tree was determined based on DNA sequences from authenticated isolates of Strelitziana. Strelitziana sarbhoyi shows nearly 94% similarity with other known species of Strelitziana. Area description is provided for the proposed taxon along with microscopic images, and a phylogenetic tree. This is probably the first report of Strelitziana from India. Holotype specimen (dried voucher culture) is deposited in the Ajrekar Mycological Herbarium (AMH), and an ex-type culture is deposited in National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI).

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