scholarly journals Multilocus Phylogeography of the Tuber mesentericum Complex Unearths Three Highly Divergent Cryptic Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
Marco Leonardi ◽  
Daniele Salvi ◽  
Mirco Iotti ◽  
Gian Luigi Rana ◽  
Aurelia Paz-Conde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Tuber Mesentericum ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Tuber mesentericum is an edible European black truffle, apparently easy to recognize, but showing a high degree of genetic variability. In this study, we performed an integrative taxonomic assessment of the T. mesentericum complex, combining a multilocus phylogeographic approach with morphological analyses, and including authentic specimens of Vittadini, and Berkeley and Broome. We performed maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses, based on single and concatenated gene datasets (ITS rDNA, β-tubulin, elongation factor 1-α), and including all available sequences from previous studies. Phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered three reciprocally monophyletic and well-supported clades: clade I, with a wide range across Europe; clade II, specimens collected mainly in the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas; and clade III, specimens collected almost exclusively in central Italy. Genetic distance between clades ranged from 10.4% to 13.1% at the ITS region. We also designed new primer pairs specific for each phylogenetic lineage. Morphology of spores, asci, and peridium were investigated on specimens representing the three lineages. Macro- and micromorphological analyses of ascomata revealed only a few, but not diagnostic, differences between the three phylogenetic lineages, thus, confirming that they are morphologically cryptic. By studying authentic specimens of Vittadini, and Berkeley and Broome, it was possible to identify the three clades as T. mesentericum, Tuber bituminatum, and Tuber suave sp. nov., and to designate an epitype for T. mesentericum s.s. and a lectotype for T. bituminatum. Future investigations on volatile organic compound (VOC) composition are needed to define the aroma repertoires in this species complex.

scholarly journals Tuber mesentericum and Tuber aestivum Truffles: New Insights Based on Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Giorgio Marozzi ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Edoardo Suriano ◽  
Nicola Sitta ◽  
Lorenzo Raggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
South Italy ◽  
North East ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Tuber Mesentericum ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Tuber aestivum, one of the most sought out and marketed truffle species in the world, is morphologically similar to Tuber mesentericum, which is only locally appreciated in south Italy and north-east France. Because T. aestivum and T. mesentericum have very similar ascocarp features, and collection may occur in similar environments and periods, these two species are frequently mistaken for one another. In this study, 43 T. aestivum and T. mesentericum ascocarps were collected in Italy for morphological and molecular characterization. The morphological and aromatic characteristics of the fresh ascocarps were compared with their spore morphology. Afterwards, we amplified and sequenced the elongation factor 1-α (EF1α) locus and built maximum likelihood trees to assess phylogenetic similarities between the two species. Tuber aestivum and T. mesentericum sequences cluster into different clades, with T. mesentericum sequences divided into three different sub-clades. According to their morphological features, three samples (T7, T8 and T12) were classified as T. mesentericum. However, when fresh, these ascocarps lacked the typical phenolic aromatic note. These specimens fall into the sub-clade III of the T. mesentericum phylogeny, which has the lowest genetic distance from the T. aestivum clade.

scholarly journals Neptunomyces aureus gen. et sp. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) isolated from algae in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael F. M. Gonçalves ◽  
Tânia F. L. Vicente ◽  
Ana C. Esteves ◽  
Artur Alves
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Ria De Aveiro ◽  
The Family ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

A collection of fungi was isolated from macroalgae of the genera Gracilaria, Enteromorpha and Ulva in the estuary Ria de Aveiro in Portugal. These isolates were characterized through a multilocus phylogeny based on ITS region of the ribosomal DNA, beta-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1-α) sequences, in conjunction with morphological and physiological data. These analyses showed that the isolates represented an unknown fungus for which a new genus, Neptunomycesgen. nov. and a new species, Neptunomyces aureussp. nov. are proposed. Phylogenetic analyses supported the affiliation of this new taxon to the family Didymosphaeriaceae.

scholarly journals Characterization of Diaporthe species associated with peach constriction canker, with two novel species from China

MycoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Xianhong Wang ◽  
Yashuang Guo ◽  
Yamin Du ◽  
Ziling Yang ◽  
Xinzhong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Species of Diaporthe infect a wide range of plants and live in vivo as endophytes, saprobes or pathogens. However, those in peach plants are poorly characterized. In this study, 52 Diaporthe strains were isolated from peach branches with buds, showing constriction canker symptoms. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using five gene regions: internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal DNA (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF), ß-tubulin (TUB), histone (HIS), and calmodulin (CAL). These results coupled with morphology revealed seven species of Diaporthe, including five known species (D. caryae, D. cercidis, D. eres, D. hongkongensis, and D. unshiuensis). In addition, two novel species D. jinxiu and D. zaofenghuang are introduced. Except for the previously reported D. eres, this study represents the first characterization of Diaporthe species associated with peach constriction canker in China, and contributes useful data for practicable disease management.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Diaporthe ambigua, D. australafricana, D. novem, and D. rudis Causing a Postharvest Fruit Rot in Kiwifruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 1402-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽  
Bernardo A. Latorre ◽  
Mauricio Lolas ◽  
Enrique Ferrada ◽  
Paulina Naranjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Postharvest Rot ◽  
Diaporthe Ambigua

Diaporthe spp. are important plant pathogens causing wood cankers, blight, dieback, and fruit rot in a wide range of hosts. During surveys conducted during the 2013 and 2014 seasons, a postharvest rot in Hayward kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) was observed in Chile. In order to identify the species of Diaporthe associated with this fruit rot, symptomatic fruit were collected from seven kiwifruit packinghouses located between San Francisco de Mostazal and Curicó (central Chile). Twenty-four isolates of Diaporthe spp. were identified from infected fruit based on morphological and cultural characters and analyses of nucleotides sequences of three loci, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a partial sequences of the β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes. The Diaporthe spp. identified were Diaporthe ambigua, D. australafricana, D. novem, and D. rudis. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis revealed that Chilean isolates were grouped in separate clades with their correspondent ex-types species. All species of Diaporthe were pathogenic on wounded kiwifruit after 30 days at 0°C under normal and controlled-atmosphere (2% O2 and 5% CO2) storage and they were sensitive to benomyl, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole fungicides. D. ambigua isolates were the most virulent based on the lesion length measured in inoculated Hayward and Jintao kiwifruit. These findings confirm D. ambigua, D. australafricana, D. novem, and D. rudis as the causal agents of kiwifruit rot during cold storage in Chile. The specie D. actinidiae, a common of Diaporthe sp. found associated with kiwifruit rot, was not identified in the present study.

scholarly journals Survey, Identification, and Characterization of Cylindrocarpon-Like Asexual Morphs in Spanish Forest Nurseries

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 2083-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Mora-Sala ◽  
Ana Cabral ◽  
Maela León ◽  
Carlos Agustí-Brisach ◽  
Josep Armengol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Asexual Morphs ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs infect herbaceous and woody plants, mainly in agricultural scenarios, but also in forestry systems. The aim of the present study was to characterize a collection of Cylindrocarpon-like isolates recovered from the roots of a broad range of forest hosts from nurseries showing decline by morphological and molecular studies. Between 2009 and 2012, 17 forest nurseries in Spain were surveyed and a total of 103 Cylindrocarpon-like isolates were obtained. Isolates were identified based on DNA sequences of the partial gene regions histone H3 (his3). For the new species, the internal transcribed spacer and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS) region, β-tubulin (tub2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) were also used to determine their phylogenetic position. Twelve species belonging to the genera Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria, and Ilyonectria were identified from damaged roots of 15 different host genera. The species C. alicantinum, D. macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, I. capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta, and I. rufa were identified. In addition, two Dactylonectria species (D. hispanica sp. nov. and D. valentina sp. nov.), one Ilyonectria species (I. ilicicola sp. nov.), and one Neonectria species (N. quercicola sp. nov.) are newly described. The present study demonstrates the prevalence of this fungal group associated with seedlings of diverse hosts showing decline symptoms in forest nurseries in Spain.

Baorangia duplicatopora (Boletaceae, Boletales), a new bolete from tropical China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 508 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
XU ZHANG ◽  
ZHI-QUN LIANG ◽  
SHUAI JIANG ◽  
CHANG XU ◽  
XIN-HUA FU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Tropical China

Baorangia duplicatopora is described as a new species from Hainan Province, a tropical region of China. It is morphologically characterized by large to very large basidiomata with a dull rose red, rose pink to purplish red pileus, compound pores, pileus context near hymenophore and stipe context staining blue when injured, a red stipe, and cheilocystidia wider than those of other Baorangia species. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from part of the 28S gene, the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) also confirmed that B. duplicatopora forms an independent lineage within Baorangia. Detailed descriptions, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, and line drawings of microscopic features of the new species are presented. A key to species of Baorangia in the world is also provided.

Characterization and pathogenicity of Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum species causing Botryosphaeria canker and dieback of apple trees in central Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽  
Adrián Vinicio Valdez ◽  
Francois Halleen ◽  
Enrique Ferrada ◽  
Mauricio A. Lolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
First Time ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

In recent years, the number of apple trees affected by Botryosphaeria cankers and dieback has considerably increased in central Chile. This study aimed to identify the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with canker and dieback symptoms, estimate disease incidence and distributions, and study their pathogenicity and virulence on apple and other fruit crops. A field survey of 34 commercial orchards of apple (7-to 30-year-old) was conducted in 16 localities obtaining 270 symptomatic branches and trunks samples in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The incidence of Botryosphaeria canker and dieback ranged between 5 and 40%, and a total of 255 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. were obtained from 238 cankers. Morphological identification along with phylogenetics studies of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rDNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and part of the beta tubulin (tub2) genes allowed to identify Diplodia mutila (n = 49 isolates), D. seriata (n = 136 isolates), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (n = 16 isolates) and Neofusicoccum arbuti (n= 54 isolates). L. theobromae was isolated mainly of apple dieback from northern localities. All pathogens tested were pathogenic, causing canker and dieback symptoms on lignified twigs of apple, pear, walnut, and green grapevine shoots in the field. Isolates of N. arbuti were the most virulent by reproducing more severe cankers on lignified tissues inoculated. This study reports D. mutila and L. theobromae for the first time associated with Botryosphaeria canker and dieback in Chile, and it is the first description of N. arbuti causing apple dieback worldwide.

A new species of Heimioporus (Boletaceae) from southern China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 415 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
XIANG-NYU CHEN ◽  
MING ZHANG ◽  
TAI-HUI LI ◽  
NIAN-KAI ZENG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Distinct Member ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
A New Species

Heimioporus sinensis, collected from tropical and subtropical areas of China, is introduced as a new species based on both morphological characters and molecular data. The species is characterized by the purplish red to deep magenta pileus, the reticulated stipe, the irregularly reticulate to reticulate-alveolate basidiospores 11.5–13.5 × 8–9.5 μm, and a trichodermal to intricately trichodermal pileipellis. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nuc 28S rDNA D1-D2 domains (28S) and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1-α) showed that H. sinensis is a distinct member of the genus Heimioporus in the subfamily Xerocomoideae.

Diaporthe sinensis, a new fungus from Amaranthus sp. in China 

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 425 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
XIAO-XIAO FENG ◽  
JIA-JIE CHEN ◽  
GUO-RONG WANG ◽  
TING-TING CAO ◽  
YONG-LI ZHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Β Tubulin

During an exploration of plant pathogens in vegetables occuring in Zhejiang province, China, a novel fungal species, was found. Three strains ZJUP0033-4, ZJUP0038-3 and ZJUP0132 were isolated from black round lesions in the stems and leaves of Amaranthus sp. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences from four genes including rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), histone (HIS) and β-tubulin (TUB) indicated that D. sinensis clustered in a distinct clade closely related to D. neoarctii, D. angelicae, D. subordinaria, D. arctii, D. cuppatea, D. lusitanicae, D. novem, D. infecunda, D. ganjae and D. manihotia. Morphologically, D. sinensis is distinguished by brown, scattered, globose pycnidia and ellipsoid alpha conidia with bi- to multiguttulate.

Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Scirtidae (Coleoptera) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. B. Cooper ◽  
Christopher H. S. Watts ◽  
Kathleen M. Saint ◽  
Remko Leijs
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Combined Data

Scirtidae is a cosmopolitan group of beetles with aquatic or saproxylic larvae. A large diversity of species has recently been described from Australia, but their systematics is uncertain. There is evidence that current genera are polyphyletic and that Australian species were wrongly placed in northern hemisphere genera. Here we investigate the systematics of Australian Scirtidae using molecular phylogenetic analyses of combined data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and nuclear gene elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) genes. We also assess the current taxonomy of Australian Scirtidae using partial COI sequences. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of COI and EF1-α sequence data from 81 taxa show that the Australian genera Contacyphon, Pseudomicrocara and Prionocyphon are polyphyletic. There is no close relationship between Australian and Eurasian genera, with the exception of Scirtes. Phylogenetic analyses of partial COI data from Australian Scirtidae generally support the current α taxonomy, with the exception of several species that may be associated with species complexes. Geographically a high proportion of species lineages are restricted to relict patches of wet forest suggesting that they may be relict populations. The phylogeny and sequence data presented here provide a sound basis for further systematic and biogeographical studies of the Scirtidae.

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