scholarly journals Fully Portraying Patch Area Scaling with Resolution: An Analytics and Descriptive Statistics-Combined Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Qianning Zhang ◽  
Zhu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Scaling Behavior ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Uncertainty Model ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Compactness Index

Scale effects are inherent in spatial analysis. Quantitative knowledge about them is necessary for properly interpreting and scaling analysis results. The objective of this study was to systematically model patch area scaling and the associated uncertainty. A hybrid approach was taken to tackle the difficulty involved. Recognizing that patch’s size and shape play the key role in shaping its scaling behavior, a function model of patch area scaling based on patch morphology was first conceptually formulated. It was then substantiated by sampling and interpolating in the scale-integrated domain of patch morphology, which is characterized by a one-dimensional size index, namely the relative support range (RSR), and a compactness index, namely filling. The area scaling model obtained unveils a simple consistent scaling pattern of all patches and an overall fading range between 0.12 and 3.16 in terms of RSR. The uncertainty model built exhibits a filling-dependent pattern of the variance of patch area, which can be as large as 0.67 (i.e., 67%) in terms of standard deviation. The models were validated by using them to predict patch and class area scaling of the test patches and landscapes. This study demonstrated the basic feasibility of analytically modeling scaling behavior. It also revealed the uncertainty of scale effects is very significant due to the inevitable randomness in rasterization.

scholarly journals A Combined Approach to Predicting Rest in Dogs Using Accelerometers

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassim Ladha ◽  
Christy Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Current State ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
State Of Rest ◽  
Health And Well Being

The ability to objectively measure episodes of rest has clear application for assessing health and well-being. Accelerometers afford a sensitive platform for doing so and have demonstrated their use in many human-based trials and interventions. Current state of the art methods for predicting sleep from accelerometer signals are either based on posture or low movement. While both have proven to be sensitive in humans, the methods do not directly transfer well to dogs, possibly because dogs are commonly alert but physically inactive when recumbent. In this paper, we combine a previously validated low-movement algorithm developed for humans and a posture-based algorithm developed for dogs. The hybrid approach was tested on 12 healthy dogs of varying breeds and sizes in their homes. The approach predicted state of rest with a mean accuracy of 0.86 (SD = 0.08). Furthermore, when a dog was in a resting state, the method was able to distinguish between head up and head down posture with a mean accuracy of 0.90 (SD = 0.08). This approach can be applied in a variety of contexts to assess how factors, such as changes in housing conditions or medication, may influence a dog’s resting patterns.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE THIRD DIMENSION ON ROUGH SURFACES FORMED BY SEDIMENTING PARTICLES IN QUASI-TWO-DIMENSIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (08) ◽  
pp. 1217-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. MCCLOUD ◽  
M. L. KURNAZ
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Silica Spheres ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Roughness Exponent ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Dimensional Cell ◽  
Roughness Exponents

The roughness exponent of surfaces obtained by dispersing silica spheres into a quasi-two-dimensional cell is examined. The cell consists of two glass plates separated by a gap, which is comparable in size to the diameter of the beads. Previous work has shown that the quasi-one-dimensional surfaces formed have two roughness exponents in two length scales, which have a crossover length about 1 cm. We have studied the effect of changing the gap between the plates to a limit of about twice the diameter of the beads. If the conventional scaling analysis is performed, the roughness exponent is found to be robust against changes in the gap between the plates; however, the possibility that scaling does not hold should be taken seriously.

scholarly journals Phenomenological Implications of Modified Loop Cosmologies: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Fei Li ◽  
Parampreet Singh ◽  
Anzhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Hamiltonian Constraint ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Effective Dynamics ◽  
The Big Bang

In this paper, we first provide a brief review of the effective dynamics of two recently well-studied models of modified loop quantum cosmologies (mLQCs), which arise from different regularizations of the Hamiltonian constraint and show the robustness of a generic resolution of the big bang singularity, replaced by a quantum bounce due to non-perturbative Planck scale effects. As in loop quantum cosmology (LQC), in these modified models the slow-roll inflation happens generically. We consider the cosmological perturbations following the dressed and hybrid approaches and clarify some subtle issues regarding the ambiguity of the extension of the effective potential of the scalar perturbations across the quantum bounce, and the choice of initial conditions. Both of the modified regularizations yield primordial power spectra that are consistent with current observations for the Starobinsky potential within the framework of either the dressed or the hybrid approach. But differences in primordial power spectra are identified among the mLQCs and LQC. In addition, for mLQC-I, striking differences arise between the dressed and hybrid approaches in the infrared and oscillatory regimes. While the differences between the two modified models can be attributed to differences in the Planck scale physics, the permissible choices of the initial conditions and the differences between the two perturbation approaches have been reported for the first time. All these differences, due to either the different regularizations or the different perturbation approaches in principle can be observed in terms of non-Gaussianities.

Scaling Analysis of a- and poly-Si Surface Roughness by Atomic Force Microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshinobu ◽  
A. Iwamoto ◽  
K. Sudoh ◽  
H. Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Scaling Behavior ◽  
Linear Size ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Macroscopic Scale ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Roughness Exponent

AbstractThe scaling behavior of the surface roughness of a-and poly-Si deposited on Si was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The interface width W(L), defined as the rms roughness as a function of the linear size of the surface area, was calculated from various sizes of AFM images. W(L) increased as a power of L with the roughness exponent ∝ on shorter length scales, and saturated at a constant value of on a macroscopic scale. The value of roughness exponent a was 0.48 and 0.90 for a-and poly-Si, respectively, and σ was 1.5 and 13.6nm for 350nm-thick a-Si and 500nm-thick poly-Si, respectively. The AFM images were compared with the surfaces generated by simulation.

scholarly journals Scaling behavior of the longitudinal and transverse transport in quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dressel ◽  
K. Petukhov ◽  
B. Salameh ◽  
P. Zornoza ◽  
T. Giamarchi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Conductors ◽  
Scaling Behavior ◽  
One Dimensional

Statistical Thermodynamics and Surface Phase Transitions of Interacting Particles Adsorbed on One-Dimensional Channels Arranged in a Triangular Cross-Sectional Structure

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 73-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Pasinetti ◽  
F. Romá ◽  
J.L. Riccardo ◽  
A.J. Ramirez-Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Lattice Gas ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Surface Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Sectional Structure

Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis have been carried out to study the critical behavior in a submonolayer lattice-gas, which mimics a nanoporous environment. In this model, one-dimensional chains of atoms were arranged in a triangular cross-sectional structure. Two kinds of lateral interaction energies have been considered: (1) wL, interaction energy between nearest-neighbor particles adsorbed along a single channel and (2) wT, interaction energy between particles adsorbed across nearest-neighbor channels. We focus on the case of repulsive transverse interactions (wT > 0), where a rich variety of structural orderings are observed in the adlayer, depending on the value of the parameters kBT/wT (kB being the Boltzmann constant) and wL /wT. For wL /wT = 0, successive planes are uncorrelated, the system is equivalent to the triangular lattice, and the well-known [ ] ordered phase is found at low temperatures and a coverage, , of 1/3 [2/3]. In the more general case (wL /wT  0), the competition between interactions along a single channel and the transverse coupling between sites in neighboring channels leads to a three-dimensional adsorbed layer. Consequently, the and structures “propagate” along the channels and new ordered phases appear in the adlayer. The influence of each ordered phase on adsorption isotherms, differential heat of adsorption and configurational entropy of the adlayer has been analyzed and discussed in the context of the lattice-gas theory. Finally, the Monte Carlo technique was combined with the recently reported free energy minimization criterion approach (FEMCA) [F. Romá et al.: Phys. Rev. B Vol. 68 (2003), art. no. 205407] to predict the critical temperatures of the surface-phase transformations occurring in the adsorbate. The excellent qualitative agreement between simulated data and FEMCA results allows us to interpret the physical meaning of the mechanisms underlying the observed transitions.

Nonlocality of one-dimensional bilinear hardening–softening elastoplastic axial lattices

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-497
Author(s):  
Vincent Picandet ◽  
Noël Challamel
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equations ◽  
Differential Operators ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Lattice System ◽  
Discrete Problem ◽  
Linear Difference Equations ◽  
One Dimensional

The static behaviour of an elastoplastic axial lattice is studied in this paper through both discrete and nonlocal continuum analyses. The elastoplastic lattice system is composed of piecewise linear hardening–softening elastoplastic springs connected between each other via nodes, loaded by concentrated tension forces. This inelastic lattice evolution problem is ruled by some difference equations, which are shown to be equivalent to the finite difference formulation of a continuous elastoplastic bar problem under distributed tension load. Exact solutions of this inelastic discrete problem are obtained from the resolution of this piecewise linear difference equations system. Localization of plastic strain in the first elastoplastic spring, connected to the fixed end, is observed in the softening range. A continuous nonlocal elastoplastic theory is then built from the lattice difference equations using a continualization process, based on a rational asymptotic expansion of the associated pseudo-differential operators. The continualized lattice-based model is equivalent to a distributed nonlocal continuous elastoplastic theory coupled to a cohesive elastoplastic model, which is shown to capture efficiently the scale effects of the reference axial lattice. The hardening–softening localization process of the nonlocal elastoplastic continuous model strongly depends on the lattice spacing, which controls the size of the nonlocal length scales. An analogy with the one-dimensional lattice system in bending is also shown. The considered microstructured elastoplastic beam is a Hencky bar-chain connected by elastoplastic rotational springs. It is shown that the length scale calibration of the nonlocal model strongly depends on the degree of the difference equations of each lattice model (namely axial or bending lattice). These preliminary results valid for one-dimensional systems allow possible future developments of new nonlocal elastoplastic models, including two- or even three-dimensional elastoplastic interactions.

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