scholarly journals Who Pays the Bill? Assessing Ecosystem Services Losses in an Urban Planning Context

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Harald Zepp ◽  
Luis Inostroza
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Compensation Approach ◽  
Development Alternatives ◽  
The Impact

While Ecosystem Services (ES) are crucial for sustaining human wellbeing, urban development can threaten their sustainable supply. Following recent EU directives, many countries in Europe are implementing laws and regulations to protect and improve ES at local and regional levels. However, urban planning regulations already consider mandatory compensation for the loss of nature, and this compensation is often restricted to replacing green with green in other locations. This situation might lead to the loss of ES in areas subject to urban development, a loss that would eventually be replaced elsewhere. Therefore, ES assessments should be included in urban planning to improve the environmental conditions of urban landscapes where development takes place. Using an actual planning and development example that involves a proposed road to a restructured former industrial area in Bochum, Germany, we developed an ad-hoc assessment to compare a standard environmental compensation approach applying ES. We evaluated the impact of the planned construction alternatives with both approaches. In a second step, we selected the alternative with a lower impact and estimated the ES losses from the compensation measures. Our findings show that an ES assessment provides a solid basis for the selection of development alternatives, the identification of compensation areas, and the estimation of compensation amounts, with the benefit of improving the environmental quality of the affected areas. Our method was effective in strengthening urban planning, using ES science in the assessment and evaluation of urban development alternatives.

scholarly journals Inside Iranian Freelance Simultaneous Conference Interpreters’ Experience: A thematic Analysis of Narratives

Hikma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-206
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Fakharzadeh ◽  
Simin Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Language Brokering ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Professional Occupation ◽  
Iranian Context ◽  
Job Finding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interpretation Studies ◽  
Analysis Of Narratives

Although several studies have examined translators' and interpreters' experience in various contexts, relatively few studies have attempted to explore the freelance simultaneous conference interpreters' experience in the Iranian context. In this country, the increasing number of international conferences is creating a demand for quality conference interpretation. In this study, we used qualitative analysis of narratives to delve into the experience of eight freelance simultaneous conference interpreters in Iran to realize their perception of their job and the impact of contextual factors on the quality of their experience as well as that of interpretation. Three themes, namely job-finding experience, on-the-job-experience, and the locus of the problems were extracted from eleven sub-themes. Overall, the narratives characterized interpreting in Iran as a non-professional occupation that amounts to an ad hoc event, language brokering, and ability-oriented task. The findings can raise some critical considerations for stakeholders involved in the field of translation and interpretation studies as well as practitioners.

Evolution of cities in Borneo: a kaleidoscope of urban landscapes for planning future resilient cities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kozlowski ◽  
Rahinah Ibrahim ◽  
Khairul Hazmi Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Central State ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
State And Local

PurposeThis study aims to examine the trajectory of the urban growth of Borneo by portraying its resilient settlements in the pre-colonial times, tropical sensitive colonial architecture, the built environment of the post–independence period and finally the contemporary city image. This is followed by a comparative study of its major urban centres and determining how globalisation and neoliberalism impact the traditional urban settlements of this island and poses a threat to its rich biodiversity.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses case study research methodology involving selected cities on the Island of Borneo including Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan, Miri and Kuching (Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia), Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei), and major cities of the state of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data collection includes a literature review, content analysis, field assessment and observations. The major research objectives would address past and current issues in the selected urban environment of Borneo. They address the historical evolution of major cities of Borneo, current urban development trends, the deterioration of the traditional urban fabric as a result of post–independence development and later globalisation.FindingsThis study found that the rich cultural tradition and climate-responsive architecture from the past have been discontinued to pave way for fast track and often speculative development. The results contribute in the convergence of existing shortcomings of cities from three nations on Borneo Island in guiding future sustainable urban planning agenda for achieving a resilient city status while reinstating the character and the sense of place. The study expects the recommendations to become prerequisites for future urban planning in sensitive tropical regions.Originality/valueThis research identified a new “Borneo approach” to urban development. The study strongly recommends top priorities for the central, state and local governments of Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia allowing the planners and decision-makers to establish a new tropical urban planning initiative with the ample design practice for this unique region in Southeast Asia. The results of this study can serve as the guiding principles for other urban environments in fragile and sensitive tropical regions.

scholarly journals Grounded Theory as an Approach for Exploring the Effect of Cultural Memory on Psychosocial Well-Being in Historic Urban Landscapes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Fatmaelzahraa Hussein ◽  
John Stephens ◽  
Reena Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Impact

Although grounded theory (GT) has emerged as a popular research approach across multiple areas of social science, it has been less widely taken up by researchers working in the fields of urban planning and design. The application of GT enables uniquely innovative insights to be gained from qualitative data, but it has attracted criticism and brings its own challenges. This paper proposes a methodology that could be applied by other researchers in the field of urban research. Utilising constructivist GT as a qualitative approach, this research investigates how cultural memory impacts the psychosocial well-being and quality of life (QoL) of users of, and visitors to, historic urban landscapes (HULs). Based on the findings, it can be posited that the application of GT yields a rich and nuanced understanding of how users of HULs experience the settings in which they live, and the impact and significance on human psychosocial well-being of the cultural memories incarnated within such settings. The current paper also contends that GT enables researchers studying the built environment to construct inductively based theories. Lastly, the practical implications of developing GT for application to HUL management are discussed, both in regard to how users experience the contexts in which they live and the impact of such contexts on well-being and quality of life.

scholarly journals The impact of urban development upon the quality of drinking water sources: Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 012072
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Tong-Sheng Chen ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Bao-Yuan Huang ◽  
SI-Jing Ren
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
The Impact

THE ALGORITHM OF ASSESSMENT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOSPHERIC COMPATIBILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Vladimirovna BAKAEVA ◽  
Irina Victorovna CHERNYAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
The City

In order to create an environment favorable for human development and preservation of the natural environment of the city by means of architecture and urban planning, the need for theoretical justifi cation of urban planning and urban development practices, taking into account the new requirements for the mechanisms of formation of the urban environment. Based on the fundamental principles of the concept of biosphere compatibility, an algorithm for assessing urban development was developed, criteria and indicators for assessing the quality of the urban environment were determined. Using the developed algorithm, the analysis of the feasibility of the principles of biosphere compatibility in urban development of the city of Orel. It is concluded that it is necessary to create an innovative system of employment and strategic planning for the development of urban areas on the principles of biosphere compatibility.

Acquiring Advanced Technology: Decision-making Strategies at Twelve Medical Centers

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul N. Weingart
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study describes decision making regarding the acquisition of technology in 12 major medical centers. The financial impact of a project was the most widely cited criterion of decision, but financial considerations were less important than either the impact of a technology on the quality of clinical care or its contribution to teaching and research. Rarely were criteria set out explicitly or in advance. Although exemplary models exist, the technology assessment process at most institutions is described as “political,” “informal,” or “ad hoc.”

scholarly journals MODERN URBAN DEVELOPMENT, ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LEGAL STANDARDS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF R. P. KOLTSOVO, NOVOSIBIRSK REGION)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Anastasia E. Pryadko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Powerful Mechanism

The work is devoted to the study of the role and content of urban planning regulations in the development process of large cities, the main purpose of which is to significantly improve the quality of life of the population. In this regard, the regulation is a powerful mechanism of an integrated nature, capable of solving legal, social and other tasks.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Services Dynamics in Bogor Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Lestari Munajati ◽  
Hariadi Kartodihardjo ◽  
Muhammad Buce Saleh ◽  
Nurwadjedi Nurwadjedi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Land Facets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Supply Water

The decline in the quality of ecosystem services in Bogor Regency is indicated by the existence of various natural disasters in recent years. Prudent development must be carried out to minimize the impact of a decrease in the ecosystem services index. The purpose of this research is to map ecosystem services for food supply, water supply, water and flood management, and tourism aspects within 2000-2017. The data used were land cover and land facet maps at a scale of 1:25,000 obtained from BIG, accompanied by a reinterpretation process. The data sources were Indonesia's topographic maps (RBI), Citra SPOT 7, DEMNAS, and field surveys. The ecosystem services index (ESI) is calculated based on an analysis of changes in land use and land facets. The value of ESI was weighted using analytic hierarchy process approaches to each of the variables assessed by experts. The results showed that the largest changes in land use occurred in residential and forest areas. The residential area increased by 1.96%, while the forest area decreased by 1.8% in 17 years. Bogor Regency is dominated by forest and rice fields which are spread over four main landforms, namely volcanic, structural, fluvial, and karst. The most significant increase of 5.65% was found in the clean water provisioning function, while the most significant decrease of 38.47% was found in the tourism and ecotourism sector. Accumulatively, the increase in ESI was 23%, while the decrease was 20.64%.  Mitigation efforts that can be done are to maintain the availability of green open space by implementing strong regulations.

scholarly journals Depressed spaces as an instrument for transformation of urban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, more and more often urban abandoned and depressed spaces that were previously used as industrial facilities or temporarily used are becoming the sphere of architectural and landscape transformations. These territories can occupy a significant part of the city. This paper examines the features of the formation of urban planning systems, as well as the impact of depressed spaces on the quality of the urban environment. This paper studies such depressed spaces as abandoned industrial areas and objects of unfinished construction. The paper assesses the impact of depressed spaces, identifies criteria that reflect the nature, scale and features of their impact on the environment, on the safety and quality of the urban environment, as well as their role in the structure of the city as a whole. The principles and features of the formation of such urban depressed spaces, as well as the patterns of their development are revealed. The features of the formation of open public space of urban systems, as well as ways of transforming depressed spaces, aimed at increasing their social significance, integrating them into the general urban development, and improving the ecological and social situation are considered. The paper concludes that the problem of restoration of depressed spaces is very important and urgent today. The creation of a continuous urban tissue is impossible without the reorganization of such spaces, as well as the creation of an integral compositional, functional and communication urban planning system.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Services of Hospital Gardens - Based on Microclimate Analyses of Green and Blue Garden Elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Vera Takácsné Zajacz ◽  
Kinga M Szilágyi
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The increasing urbanization process of the last decades has resulted in negative impacts and changes in the quality of the urban environment, as reflected in mortality and morbidity data (Páldy, 2018). The quality of the environment, the urban climate, the increased frequency and duration of extreme weather events, ultimately threaten human well-being. To design and build liveable cities, the quality of the urban environment must be improved, and improving micro- or local climate is an important factor in this. Increasing the proportion and quality of biologically active surfaces, i.e. the ecosystem services provided by green spaces, is one of the most effective tools for urban conditioning and enhancing human well-being. Determining the proportions of the green area, the design of vegetation, the choice of pavements and microarchitectures all determine the microclimate of an open-space. This has been confirmed by a large body of research and implemented work, but it is also important for designers to make a preliminary prediction of the impact of any intervention on the climatic conditions of the design site. These predictions will help cost-effective designing to determine which intervention will result in climate change. This research uses two specific examples to examine the effectiveness of each landscape designing tool and to show which designing tool produces what and how much climatic impact. For these studies, we used a climate modeling program (ENVI-MET), which runs simulations to infer the climate modifying effects of landscape planning tools. In the course of the research, we have shown that the local climate of hospital gardens could be significantly influenced by favorable, environmental-friend paving, a higher green cover ratio, and a well-developed and sufficiently dense tree canopy, and various water features.

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