scholarly journals Hair Cortisol Concentration as a Biomarker of Sleep Quality and Related Disorders

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Nisrin El Mlili ◽  
Hanan Ahabrach ◽  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Common Manifestation ◽  
Functional Alteration

Cortisol is the end product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and its production is increased mainly in stressful situations or in chronic disorders accompanied by stress enhancement. Altered cortisol concentrations have been reported in a number of neuropsychiatric diseases and sleep disorders. Cortisol concentrations have been measured using several methods, and in several matrixes, such as blood, saliva, and urine. However, lately, hair cortisol, for several reasons, has emerged as a promising biomarker of long-term retrospective HPA activation. Several experimental approaches for cortisol measurement with the corresponding concentration reference ranges and a summary of findings from scientific literature on this field are presented. There is evidence of a close relationship between HPA functional alteration and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Sleep disorders are the most common manifestation in several neuropsychiatric conditions, and have also been associated to cortisol alterations in both adults and children. Many studies indicate that hair cortisol constitutes a valuable tool for further contributing to existing data on salivary, plasma, or urinary cortisol concentrations in patients with sleep disorders.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Neuropsychiatric Disorders and COVID-19 Neuroinflammation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-55
Author(s):  
Siu Wa Tang ◽  
Daiga Helmeste ◽  
Brian Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Neuropsychiatric sequalae to COVID-19 infection are beginning to emerge, like previous Spanish influenza and SARS episodes. Streptococcal infection in pediatric patients causing OCD (PANDAS) is another recent example of an infection-based psychiatric disorder. Inflammation associated with neuropsychiatric disorders has been previously reported but there is no standard clinical management approach established. Part of the reason is that it is unclear what factors determine the specific neuronal vulnerability and the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment in neuroinflammation. The emerging COVID-19 data suggested that in the acute stage, wide-spread neuronal damage appears to be the result of abnormal and overactive immune responses and cytokine storm is associated with poor prognosis. It is still too early to know if there are long term specific neuronal or brain regional damages associated with COVID-19, resulting in distinct neuropsychiatric disorders. In several major psychiatric disorders where neuroinflammation is present, patients with abnormal inflammatory markers may also experience less than favorable response or treatment resistance when standard treatment is used alone. Evidence regarding the benefits of co-administered anti-inflammatory agents such as COX-2 inhibitor is encouraging in selected patients though may not benefit others. Disease modifying therapies are increasingly being applied to neuropsychiatric diseases characterized by abnormal or hyperreactive immune responses. Adjunct anti-inflammatory treatment may benefit selected patients and is definitely an important component of clinical management in the presence of neuroinflammation.

Exploring the effects of oily fish consumption on measures of acute and long-term stress in healthy 8-9-year-old children: The FiSK Junior randomized trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Marie N Teisen ◽  
Stine Vuholm ◽  
Jesper M Rantanen ◽  
Jeppe H Christensen ◽  
Camilla T Damsgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Oily Fish ◽  
Fish Group

Abstract Long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA) have been shown to reduce blood pressure, heart rate and vagal tone, but potential stress-mitigating effects of n-3 LCPUFA are not well investigated. We aim to explore the effects of oily fish consumption on long-term stress and the stress response in schoolchildren. Healthy 8-9-year-old children were randomized to receive ~300 g/week of oily fish or poultry for 12 ± 2 weeks. At baseline and endpoint, we measured erythrocyte n-3 LCPUFA, hair cortisol and the response to a 1-min cold pressor test (CPT) on saliva cortisol, blood pressure, and continuous electrocardiogram recordings. Of the 199 randomized children, 197 completed the trial. Hair cortisol did not differ between the groups, but a sex-interaction was indicated (Psex*group = 0.074, difference between means -0.9 (95% CI: -2.9,1.0) ng/g and 0.7 (-0.2,1.6) ng/g in boys and girls, respectively). The children in the fish group tended to be less prone to terminate CPT prematurely (OR 0.20 [0.02,1.04]). The mean heart beat interval during CPT was 18.2 (0.3,36.6) ms longer and the high frequency power increased (159 (29,289) ms2) in the fish versus the poultry group. The cardiac autonomic response in the 10 min following CPT was characterized by a sympathetic peak followed by a parasympathetic peak, which was most pronounced in the fish group. This exploratory study does not support a strong effect of oily fish consumption on stress, but indicates that oily fish consumption may increase vagal cardiac tone during the physiological response to CPT. These results warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Magnesium and Hypertension in Old Age

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia J. Dominguez ◽  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
Mario Barbagallo
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Magnesium Supplementation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Complications ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

Hypertension is a complex condition in which various actors and mechanisms combine, resulting in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications that today represent the most frequent causes of mortality, morbidity, disability, and health expenses worldwide. In the last decades, there has been an exceptional amount of experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies confirming a close relationship between magnesium deficit and high blood pressure. Multiple mechanisms may help to explain the bulk of evidence supporting a protective effect of magnesium against hypertension and its complications. Hypertension increases sharply with advancing age, hence older persons are those most affected by its negative consequences. They are also more frequently at risk of magnesium deficiency by multiple mechanisms, which may, at least in part, explain the higher frequency of hypertension and its long-term complications. The evidence for a favorable effect of magnesium on hypertension risk emphasizes the importance of broadly encouraging the intake of foods such as vegetables, nuts, whole cereals and legumes, optimal dietary sources of magnesium, avoiding processed food, which are very poor in magnesium and other fundamental nutrients, in order to prevent hypertension. In some cases, when diet is not enough to maintain an adequate magnesium status, magnesium supplementation may be of benefit and has been shown to be well tolerated.

scholarly journals Quantifying long-term stress in brown bears with the hair cortisol concentration: a biomarker that may be confounded by rapid changes in response to capture and handling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. cou026-cou026 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cattet ◽  
B. J. Macbeth ◽  
D. M. Janz ◽  
A. Zedrosser ◽  
J. E. Swenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Rapid Changes

scholarly journals Association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution with the incidence of sleep disorders: A cohort study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 111956
Author(s):  
Zhebin Yu ◽  
Fang Wei ◽  
Mengyin Wu ◽  
Hongbo Lin ◽  
Liming Shui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution

Sustained response and long-term safety of eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 2559-2565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Hill ◽  
Peter Hillmen ◽  
Stephen J. Richards ◽  
Dupe Elebute ◽  
Judith C. Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria ◽  
Extension Study ◽  
Transfusion Rate ◽  
Complement Protein ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Hematologic Disorder ◽  
Humanized Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Open Label Extension

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a hematologic disorder characterized by clonal expansion of red blood cells (RBCs) lacking the ability to inhibit complement-mediated hemolysis. Eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds the C5 complement protein, blocks serum hemolytic activity. This study evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of eculizumab in 11 patients with PNH during an open-label extension trial. After completion of an initial 12-week study, all patients chose to participate in the 52-week extension study. Eculizumab, administered at 900 mg every 12 to 14 days, was sufficient to completely and consistently block complement activity in all patients. A dramatic reduction in hemolysis was maintained throughout the study, with a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels from 3110.7 IU/L before treatment to 622.4 IU/L (P = .002). The proportion of PNH type III RBCs increased from 36.7% at baseline to 58.4% (P = .005). The paroxysm rate of days with gross evidence of hemoglobinuria per patient each month decreased from 3.0 during screening to 0.2 (P < .001) during treatment. The median transfusion rate decreased from 1.8 U per patient each month before eculizumab treatment to 0.3 U per patient each month (P = .001) during treatment. Statistically significant improvements in quality-of-life measures were also maintained during the extension study. Eculizumab continued to be safe and well tolerated, and all patients completed the study. The close relationship between sustained terminal complement inhibition, hemolysis, and symptoms was demonstrated. (Blood. 2005; 106:2559-2565)

scholarly journals Automatic synchronisation of the cell cycle in budding yeast through closed-loop feedback control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giansimone Perrino ◽  
Sara Napolitano ◽  
Francesca Galdi ◽  
Antonella La Regina ◽  
Davide Fiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Loop Feedback ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Closed Loop Feedback ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

AbstractThe cell cycle is the process by which eukaryotic cells replicate. Yeast cells cycle asynchronously with each cell in the population budding at a different time. Although there are several experimental approaches to synchronise cells, these usually work only in the short-term. Here, we build a cyber-genetic system to achieve long-term synchronisation of the cell population, by interfacing genetically modified yeast cells with a computer by means of microfluidics to dynamically change medium, and a microscope to estimate cell cycle phases of individual cells. The computer implements a controller algorithm to decide when, and for how long, to change the growth medium to synchronise the cell-cycle across the population. Our work builds upon solid theoretical foundations provided by Control Engineering. In addition to providing an avenue for yeast cell cycle synchronisation, our work shows that control engineering can be used to automatically steer complex biological processes towards desired behaviours similarly to what is currently done with robots and autonomous vehicles.

Craniopharyngioma in adults and children: a study of 122 surgical cases

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Van Effenterre ◽  
Anne-Laure Boch
Keyword(s):  
Patient Survival ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Fine Print

Object. This work is devoted to a 25-year retrospective study of 122 cases of craniopharyngiomas in adults and children treated and followed by the same neurosurgeon (R.V.E.). In this homogeneous series, the aim was total microsurgical removal of the tumor, without postoperative radiotherapy. Methods. The operation was performed via a frontopterional approach in 112 cases and a transsphenoidal approach in 10 cases. The tumor removal was considered total in 59%, subtotal in 29%, and partial in 12%. The surgical mortality rate was 2.5%. Even when tumor removal was not complete, radiotherapy was not systematically administered; it was reserved for cases of recurrence. The authors have studied clinical signs, operative characteristics, and ophthalmological, endocrinological, and functional outcomes, as well as recurrence risk and long-term patient survival. The mean follow-up period was 7 years. The functional results in these patients were excellent in 85%, good in 9%, fair in 5% (usually because of ophthalmological sequelae), and poor in 1%. Tumors recurred in 29 patients, but the salvage treatment, by operation or radiotherapy, was successful in 83%. The actuarial patient survival rate was 92% after 5 years and 85% after 10 years. Conclusions. These results compared favorably with the data reported in the literature, suggesting that radical surgery of craniopharyngiomas allows good outcome in terms of survival, full recovery, and quality of life for both adults and children.

scholarly journals Cyber-yeast: Automatic synchronisation of the cell cycle in budding yeast through closed-loop feedback control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giansimone Perrino ◽  
Sara Napolitano ◽  
Francesca Galdi ◽  
Antonella La Regina ◽  
Davide Fiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Loop Feedback ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Closed Loop Feedback ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

ABSTRACTThe cell cycle is the process by which eukaryotic cells replicate. Yeast cells cycle asynchronously with each cell in the population budding at a different time. Although there are several experimental approaches to “synchronise” cells, these work only in the short-term. Here, we built a cyber-genetic system to achieve long-term synchronisation of the cell population, by interfacing genetically modified yeast cells with a computer by means of microfluidics to dynamically change medium, and a microscope to estimate cell cycle phases of individual cells. The computer implements a “controller” algorithm to decide when, and for how long, to change the growth medium to synchronise the cell-cycle across the population. Our work builds upon solid theoretical foundations provided by Control Engineering. In addition to providing a new avenue for yeast cell cycle synchronisation, our work shows that computers can automatically steer complex biological processes towards desired behaviours similarly to what is currently done with robots and autonomous vehicles.

scholarly journals The influence of environment forming factors on the productivity of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Valeriy Burluckiy ◽  
Polina Semeshkina ◽  
Vladimir Mazurov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract. The goal is to study the influence of the predecessor and fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Methods. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on a gray forest medium loamy soil. Field experience, observations, accounting and generalization of research results were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of B.A. Dospekhov. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 with a 95 % significance level of the results. Results. As a result of the studies, it was noted that the studied predecessors had an insignificant effect on the development of winter wheat plants in the initial phases of growth. The density of winter wheat plants during the germination period varied within the range of 314–323 psc/m2 without the use of fertilizers and 317–328 psc/m2 against the background of their application. Further growth and development of plants took place in close relationship with the studied factors. At the end of the growing season, the number of productive stems was higher on the plots, where the clover of the first year of use was used as a predecessor, both in the control (without fertilizers) and when applying mineral fertilizers. Accordingly, the yield of winter wheat grain was higher for this predecessor, averaging 35.7 c/ha for 2014–2019. Without fertilization, depending on the predecessor, 25.2–32.8 c/ha were obtained, against the background of fertilization – 34.2–39.6 c/ha of winter wheat grain. On average, over the years of research, winter wheat grain contained 10.7–14.0 % protein. Depending on the year, this indicator varied from 8.8 % to 16.8 %. At the same time, the lowest values for the protein content were obtained for the variants without the use of fertilizers. In general, the content of protein and gluten in winter wheat grain largely depended on the application of mineral fertilizers and to a small extent on the predecessor. The weight of 1000 grains, depending on these factors, changed insignificantly.

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