scholarly journals Sensitivity Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Blood Cultures of Under-Five Children with Pneumonia and Clinical Sepsis

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Sufia Islam ◽  
Ashiqur Rahman Akand ◽  
Tasnova Tasnim Nova ◽  
Christian Lehmann ◽  
Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Clinical Sepsis

Treatment options for pneumonia and sepsis by antibiotics are limited due to the development of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. This unmatched case-control study determined the antibiotic sensitivity against bacterial isolates obtained from septic and nonseptic children with pneumonia. Children of either sex aged 0–59 months with a history of cough or shortness of breath and radiologically confirmed pneumonia were enrolled in this study. Cases with clinical signs of sepsis at admission (n = 151) were compared to cases without sepsis as controls (n = 107). A total of 205 children had a performance of blood culture, with 123 children suffering from clinical sepsis. Blood cultures showed bacterial growth in 19% of the septic samples, with 8% coagulase-negative staphylococci and 2.4% Acinetobacter species. Only 1.6% of the cases were infected by Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella. In contrast, children without sepsis presented positive blood cultures with growth of Salmonella typhi in 2.4% of the cases and growth of Klebsiella in 1.2%. Bacteria were sensitive to imipenem in 100% of the cases (86% for meropenem, 83% for ceftazidime and 76% for ciprofloxacin). The mortality rate was significantly higher in children with pneumonia complicated by sepsis (odds ratio (OR) = 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–8.64, p < 0.027). Knowledge about specific laboratory characteristics in children with pneumonia will facilitate an early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis and reduce mortality.

scholarly journals Heading towards threat of resistant super bug…. current pattern of antimicrobial sensitivity to salmonella typhi in Karachi.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1070-1073
Author(s):  
Syed Tahseen Akhtar ◽  
Iftikhar Haider Naqvi ◽  
Owais Khan ◽  
Syed Tauqeer Ahmed Hasmi ◽  
Saiyeda Nayema Zehra Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: The present study was aimed to find out the prevalence of MDR and XDR Typhoid and the remaining or alternate treatment options here in Karachi. Study Design: Descriptive retrospective analytical study. Setting: Department of Medicine, at Mamji Hospital Karachi. Period: From Jan 2019 till July 2019. Material & Methods: The medical records of all the patient admitted, were reviewed by the department of Medicine, at Mamjee Hospital Karachi specifically diagnosed to have Typhoid fever during the period between Jan 2019 till July 2019. A total of 72 patients were included in this study. Chart reviews were used to obtain and later collect the data. Typhoid was confirmed over Blood culture yielding Salmonella typhi. Demographic data and pattern of antibiotic sensitivity were collected. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS version 17. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD. Discrete variables were expressed as percentages and proportions. Results: From January 2019 till July 2019, 72 patients were diagnosed to have Typhoid fever (Salmonella Typhi culture positive) of which 43(60%) were male and majority of the patients were aged between 18 to 40 years 37(51%). Out of 14 antibiotics checked for sensitivity to Salmonella Typhi the Quinolones were the most resistant (85%) antibiotics followed by Ampicillin (83%) and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (82%). 48(66%) among 72 patients had extended drug resistant typhoid, 14(19%) were multidrug resistant typhoid while 11(15%) were pan sensitive. Conclusion: Majority of the patients had extended drug resistant typhoid, whereas quite a few had multidrug resistant typhoid. Most sensitive drugs were Imipenem, meropenem and Azithromycin whereas Quinolones along with other agents were found to have most resistance against Salmonella Typhi.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci in haematological patients with neutropenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MÜLLER-PREMRU ◽  
P. ČERNELČ
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Haematological Patients

Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) is common in haematological patients with febrile neutropenia. As the clinical signs of CRBSI are usually scarce and it is difficult to differentiate from blood culture contamination, we tried to confirm CRBSI by molecular typing of CNS isolated from paired blood cultures (one from a peripheral vein and another from the central venous catheter hub). Blood cultures were positive in 59 (36%) out of 163 patients. CNS were isolated in 24 (40%) patients; in 14 from paired blood cultures (28 isolates) and in 10 from a single blood culture. CNS from paired blood cultures were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined and bacteria were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of bacterial genomic DNA. In 13 patients, the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was identical. The PFGE patterns from paired blood cultures were identical or closely related in 10 patients, thus confirming the presence of CRBSI. In the remaining four patients they were unrelated, and suggested a mixed infection or contamination. Since CNS isolates from three patients had identical PFGE patterns, they were probably nosocomially spread amongst them.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from pigs with respiratory clinical signs in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. e160956
Author(s):  
Maysa Serpa ◽  
Juliana Amália Fonte Bôa do Nascimento ◽  
Mirian Fátima Alves ◽  
Maria Isabel Maldonado Coelho Guedes ◽  
Adrienny Trindade Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Great Level ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Pig Farms

Antimicrobial resistance is a current and important issue to public health, and it is usually associated with the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal production. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in bacterial isolates from pigs with clinical respiratory signs in Brazil. One hundred sixty bacterial strains isolated from pigs from 51 pig farms in Brazil were studied. In vitro disk-diffusion method was employed using 14 antimicrobial agents: amoxicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, tilmicosin, florfenicol, lincomycin, and sulfadiazine/trimethoprim. The majority of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent (98.75%; 158/160), while 31.25% (50/160) of the strains were multidrug resistant. Streptococcus suis and Bordetella bronchiseptica were the pathogens that showed higher resistance levels. Haemophilus parasuis showed high resistance levels to sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (9/18=50%). We observed that isolates from the midwestern and southern regions exhibited four times greater chance of being multidrug resistant than the isolates from the southeastern region studied. Overall, the results of the present study showed a great level of resistance to lincomycin, erythromycin, sulfadiazine/trimethoprim, and tetracycline among bacterial respiratory pathogens isolated from pigs in Brazil. The high levels of antimicrobial resistance in swine respiratory bacterial pathogens highlight the need for the proper use of antimicrobials in Brazilian pig farms.

scholarly journals Blood Culture Isolates and Antibiogram of Salmonella: The Gathering Storm

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
Ishrat Binte Reza ◽  
HAM Nazmul Ahasan ◽  
Moshtaque Ahmed ◽  
Homayra Tahseen ◽  
Tasmina Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World

Introduction: Typhoid fever is a common problem all over the world including Bangladesh. It is caused by salmonella typhae and paratyphae and it is an old infectious water born disease. It is encountered in Bangladesh throughout the year. For many years it is treated by Chloramphenicol and subsequently Cotrimoxazole and Amoxicillin. Despite the use of newly developed antibacterial drugs, enteric fevers caused by multidrug-resistant bacterial strains are one of major health problems in Bangladesh. Multidrug resistant Salmonella sp. has been emerged is a cause of concern. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study done at the Popular Medical College Hospital over a period of 6 months between January 2018 to june 2018. Results: During the study period, total 115 cases were enrolled. Regarding antibiotic sensitivity pattern, 69% strains were sensitive to Ampicillin, 100% to Cefixime and Ceftriaxone, 75% to Cotrimoxazole, 52% to Nalidixic Acid and 68% to Ciprofloxacin, 69% to Levofloxacin, 80% to Cholarphenicol. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone and Cefixime were found to be highly sensitive. So, we should be very careful for the judicious use of these valuable drug to prevent drug resistance. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-4, January 2020, Page 188-190

scholarly journals Colistin Resistance in Enterobacterales Strains – A Current View

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELŻBIETA M. STEFANIUK ◽  
STEFAN TYSKI
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Current View ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Severe Infections

Colistin is a member of cationic polypeptide antibiotics known as polymyxins. It is widely used in animal husbandry, plant cultivation, animal and human medicine and is increasingly used as one of the last available treatment options for patients with severe infections with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Due to the increased use of colistin in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, the resistance to this antibiotic ought to be monitored. Bacterial resistance to colistin may be encoded on transposable genetic elements (e.g. plasmids with the mcr genes). Thus far, nine variants of the mcr gene, mcr-1 – mcr-9, have been identified. Chromosomal resistance to colistin is associated with the modification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Various methods, from classical microbiology to molecular biology methods, are used to detect the colistin-resistant bacterial strains and to identify resistance mechanisms. The broth dilution method is recommended for susceptibility testing of bacteria to colistin.

scholarly journals Phage Types of multidrug resistant Salmonella species in a rural area of Maharashtra, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
ST Sabiha ◽  
SL Nilekar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Objective: The aim of the present study is to know Phage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella species. Methods: A total of 32 Salmonella species isolated from stool and blood specimen were included in the study. They were sent for phage typing to Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Majority of Salmonella typhi belongs to phage type E1 and biotype I. Decreased susceptibility of the isolate was observed to Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Cephalexin and Gentamicin. Majority of the isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Predominant phage type was E1. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern is changing and resistant cases are emerging due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i1.9821 BJMS 2012; 11(1): 37-39

scholarly journals Assessment of clinical profile, antibiotic sensitivity and prescription pattern in blood culture positive enteric fever among pediatric and adult patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital: a prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3270
Author(s):  
Swapnil Gautam ◽  
Suraj Purushothaman ◽  
Kinjal P. Patel ◽  
Ajay P. Sankhe ◽  
Madhuri R. Mahadik
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prescription Pattern

Background: Asterion Introduction: Enteric fever is a major concern in developing country. It is predominantly caused by serovars typhi and paratyphi of Salmonella enterica. Recently, an upsurge in antimicrobial resistant strains has worsened the management of enteric fever. So, aim of present study is to evaluate the clinical profile, antibiotic sensitivity and prescription pattern in blood culture proven cases of enteric fever in pediatric and adult patients.Methods: Single centre, prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Demographic and clinical details of blood culture proven enteric fever admitted in hospital were collected over the period from August 2016 to November 2018.Results: Total 58 blood cultures grew Salmonella spp. , amongst them 84.48 % had growth of Salmonella typhi. Blood culture was sent after a mean period of 9 days and 10 days of fever in pediatric and adult patients respectively. All isolates of S. paratyphi A were pansusceptible, whereas 36.73 % isolates of S. typhi were multidrug resistant and nalidixic acid resistant. 68.97% patients received antibiotics before admission. The difference between mean time to defervescence in patients who received ceftriaxone and those who received more than one antibiotic was not statistically significant. (P value 0.87)Conclusion: Blood cultures are the important diagnostic tool to identify multidrug resistant Salmonellae. Study showed that combination therapy was not statistically superior and awareness of local antimicrobial susceptibility pattern significantly helps for better management of the patients.

Treatment Options for??Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Species

Drugs ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Gilad ◽  
Yehuda Carmeli
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Acinetobacter Species

scholarly journals Staphylococcus lugdunensisEndocarditis Complicated by Embolism in an 18-Year-Old Woman with Mitral Valve Prolapse

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rosaria Pecoraro ◽  
Antonino Tuttolomondo ◽  
Gaspare Parrinello ◽  
Antonio Pinto ◽  
Giuseppe Licata
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Prolapse ◽  
Common Iliac Artery ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Mitral Valve Leaflet ◽  
History Of

Staphylococcus lugdunensisis a coagulase-negativestaphylococcus(CNS). It is a major cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis; mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has emerged as a prominent predisposing structural cardiac abnormality. We describe a case ofStaphylococcus lugdunensisendocarditis in an 18-year-old woman with preexisting mitral valve prolapse complaining of fever, a one-month history of continuous-remittent fever ( 38.6°C). The transthoracic echocardiogram revealed large vegetation on the anterior mitral valve leaflet flopping from the atrial side to the ventricular side. Five sets of blood cultures were positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci. During hospitalization, after two weeks of antibiotic therapy, the patient complained of sudden pain in her right leg associated with numbness. Lower limb arterial Doppler ultrasound showed an arterial thrombosis of right common iliac artery. Transfemoral iliac embolectomy was promptly performed and on septic embolusS. lugdunensiswith the same antibiotic sensitivity and the same MIC values was again isolated. Our patient underwent cardiac surgery: triangular resection of the A2 with removal of infected tissue including vegetation. Our case is an example of infective endocarditis byS. lugdunensison native mitral valve in a young woman of 18 with anamnesis valve prolapse.

scholarly journals X-DR (Drug Resistant) typhoid fever in children.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1947-1951
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail ◽  
Jaweeria Masood ◽  
Jawaria Khalid ◽  
Zahid Mahmood Anjum ◽  
Iram Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Culture Positive

Objectives: To study antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi in children with enteric fever. Study Design: Prospective, Consecutive sampling. Setting: Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Faisalabad. Period: 6 Months June 2019 to November 2019. Material & Methods: All admitted children of age 1-16 years with strong clinical suspicion of typhoid fever and with no comorbidities were included in this study. Blood cultures and other relevant investigations were performed to rule out other causes of fever. After identification of organism as Salmonella typhi, antibiotics susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion technique and zones of inhibition were interpreted according to clinical and Lab standard (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Out of 60 patients maximum children were < 5 year and >10 year of age. Maximum cases were admitted during July to September. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. We were able to send blood cultures of 31 cases (51%) only. Out of them 14 cases (45%) were found culture positive. All culture positive (100%) were found sensitive to meropenem. 92.8% were found sensitive to azithromycin and 7.1% were found sensitive to amikacin. Overall 16 cases treated with meropenem, 10 cases (16%) with azithromycin and one with amikacin. However, 33 cases (55%) responded to ceftriaxone alone. Conclusion: Sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi revealed significant proportion of multidrug and extensive drug resistant strain. So, continue surveillance is needed in this regard to find actual burden of XDR typhoid fever. We recommend local district administration and health authorities to launch an awareness campaign regarding sanitation, good hygiene, use of safe of water and mass vaccination of children with conjugated vaccine against typhoid. Alongwith above measures antibiotic stewardship should be started.

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