scholarly journals Blood Culture Isolates and Antibiogram of Salmonella: The Gathering Storm

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
Ishrat Binte Reza ◽  
HAM Nazmul Ahasan ◽  
Moshtaque Ahmed ◽  
Homayra Tahseen ◽  
Tasmina Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World

Introduction: Typhoid fever is a common problem all over the world including Bangladesh. It is caused by salmonella typhae and paratyphae and it is an old infectious water born disease. It is encountered in Bangladesh throughout the year. For many years it is treated by Chloramphenicol and subsequently Cotrimoxazole and Amoxicillin. Despite the use of newly developed antibacterial drugs, enteric fevers caused by multidrug-resistant bacterial strains are one of major health problems in Bangladesh. Multidrug resistant Salmonella sp. has been emerged is a cause of concern. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study done at the Popular Medical College Hospital over a period of 6 months between January 2018 to june 2018. Results: During the study period, total 115 cases were enrolled. Regarding antibiotic sensitivity pattern, 69% strains were sensitive to Ampicillin, 100% to Cefixime and Ceftriaxone, 75% to Cotrimoxazole, 52% to Nalidixic Acid and 68% to Ciprofloxacin, 69% to Levofloxacin, 80% to Cholarphenicol. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone and Cefixime were found to be highly sensitive. So, we should be very careful for the judicious use of these valuable drug to prevent drug resistance. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-4, January 2020, Page 188-190

scholarly journals Pattern of Antimicrobial Susceptibility for Salmonella Typhi in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from 2013-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Sultana Shazeda Nahar ◽  
Aliya Rashid ◽  
Sagana Shahreen Chowdhury ◽  
Ayesha Begum ◽  
Nadira Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Multidrug resistant Salmonella spp has been emerged as a cause of concern. This study was done to evaluate recent status in antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella typhi isolated from blood in Dhaka Medical college Hospital.Methods- The retrospective study was done over a two year period between January 2013 to December 2014 at Microbiology laboratory, Dhaka Medical College. A total of 203 isolates of Salmonella typhi obtained from blood cultures. Both the indoor and outdoor patients were enrolled in this study.Results- During the two year study period, total 203 cases were enrolled. Among them 66% were male with a male to female ratio 2:1. The bulk (55%) cases were in the age group of 15-30 years, 34% cases were in less than 15 years and 10% cases were between the ages of 31-45 years. Regarding antibiotic sensitivity pattern, 90.14% strains were sensitive to amikacin, 90.47% to gentamycin and amoxyclav. 89.16% to doxycycline, 83.75% to cotrimoxazole, 71.42% to azithromycin and 86.2% to ceftazidime. All the Salmonella were sensitive to ceftriaxone, 95.07% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 88% were nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella typhi (NARST).Conclusion- Ceftriaxone may be used to treat typhoid fever cases and quinolone has no longer efficacy to treat such cases. Azithromycin may be used as an alternative drug if it is found susceptible in culture and sensitivity testing.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 25, No.2, October, 2016, Page 115-118

Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Typhi in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Md Azizul Haque ◽  
Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽  
KM Faisal Alam ◽  
Md Mohimanul Hoque ◽  
M Morsed Zaman Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, collectively known as enteric fever, is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. Despite this declining global trend, enteric fever is still considered to be a major public health hazard in Bangladesh and other developing countries due to poor sanitation, inadequate food safety measures and poor personal hygiene. In Bangladesh, the incidence of typhoid fever was reported to be 200 episodes per 100,000 person-years during 2003–2004. Multidrug-resistant (resistance to the first-line antimicrobials ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol) strains of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi are on the rise globally and even cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid cases resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are being reported from many corners of the world. This descriptive, observational study was carried out in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2019. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of total 76 cases of enteric fever due to Salmonella Typhi were studied. Blood culture was carried out by BACT ALERT-3D, Automated blood culture analyzer from BioMeriuex SA, France Patented FAN Plus method. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the organism was categorized as sensitive, intermediate, and resistant against the respective antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. We are reporting antibiotic sensitivity and resistant patterns of S. Typhi documented in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, a large tertiary care hospital in Northern Bangladesh. TAJ 2020; 33(2): 10-14

scholarly journals Prevalent Bacteria and Their Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern to Antibiotics: A Study in Dhaka Medical College Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zaid Hossain ◽  
Akhtarun Naher ◽  
Pratyay Hasan ◽  
Kazi Tuba E Mozazfia ◽  
Homyra Tasnim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Changes Over Time

Background and rationale: Antibiotic resistance is a global problem. Many factors are complexly related to the issue in multiple dimensions. Bangladesh is right in the middle of this great calamity, and is seeing the rise in resistant strains of several bacteria. Very sadly, the prevalent malpractice of abusing antibiotics in Bangladesh contributes to add complexity to the danger which may prove to be possibly the greatest threat humans have ever faced. There is much scarcity of medical literature in Bangladesh, on the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and prevalent microorganisms. Moreover, antibiotic sensitivity pattern changes over time and place. Again, most of the studies done in Bangladesh, concentrate on a single disease, pathogen, or specimen. This study attempts to see the prevalent microorganisms and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in multiple types of specimens collected from Dhaka Medical College Hospital. This study also attempts to establish a way of presentation of the relevant findings which can be used in future to ensure easy comparability and contrasting of findings.Methods: The specimens were collected from the adult patients (age >12 years) admitted in the Internal Medicine ward of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 6 months. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling method. Specimens which were culture positive, were only included in the study for analysis. Multiple specimens were taken.Results: S. aureus was 100% sensitive to amikacin, moxifloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, vancomycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, azactum, linezolid and 100% resistant to cefixime. Enterobacter was 100% sensitive to penicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tigecycline and 100% resistant to cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, vancomycin. E. coli was 100% sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, vancomycin, tigecycline and 100% resistant to mecillinam, aztreonam. Klebsiella was 100% sensitive to flucloxacillin, colistin, vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid and 100% resistant to nalidixic acid. Proteus was 100% sensitive to cephradine, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, netilmicin, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, tetracycline, tigecycline, azithromycin, azactum and 100% resistant to doxycycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cefuroxime. Pseudomonas was 100% sensitive only to amikacin, netilmicin, and 100% resistant to cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, doxycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol. Salmonella typhi was 100% sensitive to amoxicillin, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, netilmicin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, azactum and 100% resistant to cephradine, doxycycline, tetracycline, nalidixic acid. MRSA was 100% sensitive to imipenem, vancomycin, teicoplanin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid and 100% resistant to cefpirome, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, netilmicin, tetracycline, clarithromycin. Acinetobacter was 100% sensitive to penicillin, cefuroxime, colistin, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, tigecycline, chloramphenicol and 100% resistant to cefixime, nalidixic acid. Citrobacter freundii was 100% sensitive to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, netilmicin, nalidixic acid and 100% resistant to ampicillin, cefixime, nitrofurantoin.Conclusion: More and more antibiotics are becoming ineffective due to emergence of resistance. Serious actions should be taken. Awareness should be raised from the policy maker level to the physicians and patients.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.1, April, 2017, Page 52-64

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Neck Space infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Md Mukhlesur Rahman ◽  
Mahmuda Begum ◽  
Md Mujibul Hoque Khan ◽  
Mostafa Mahfuzul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Space Infection ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: Infection caused by microorganisms are common and may be serious and life threatening, requires immediate attention and management to get best outcome. The purpose of this study is to assess the anatomical spaces and causative microorganisms responsible for neck infections and evaluate the sensitivity pattern of the isolated microorganisms to antimicrobial agents. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, from January to December 2018. A total of 70 cases were selected consecutively. All underwent surgical incision & drainage. Pus sample was obtained either by aspiration or by swab stick from the involved spaces and culture and sensitivity tests were performed. Results: The most common neck space infection were submandibular abscess 27 (38.57%) followed by Ludwig's angina 20 (28.57%). Out of 70 cases, 51(72.86%) cases yielded positive growth and 19(27.14%) cases showed no growth. Predominant microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcuspyogenes, klebsiellaspecies and E coli. Staphylococcus aureus showed sensitivity to vancomycin, clindamycin, gentamycin. Streptococcus pyogenes showed sensitivity to cefuroxime, ceftriaxone and klebsiella species showed sensitivity to amikacin. Conclusion: Bacteriological examination and culture help to identify the causative microorganisms in neck abscess. It helps to isolate even the rarest of the organism and by knowing there sensitivity pattern, we can direct specific therapy against them. It thus helps in a more effective treatment and fast recovery of patients. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (2); July 2020; Page 28-31

scholarly journals Neonatal Septicemia: Isolation, Identification and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Afrin ◽  
Md Abdullah Siddique ◽  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Parimol Chandra Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Highly Sensitive

A cross sectional descriptive study was done to find out the causative organisms and their antibiotic sensitivities in the Department of Microbiology in collaboration with the Department of Paediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), Rajshahi during the period of July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 116 blood samples were taken aseptically from patients who were suspected of neonatal septicemia. Blood was then inoculated in Brain heart infusion broth. Bacterial isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done by standard microbiological methods. Among 116 cases, 33(28.4%) were found to be culture positive. The most commonly isolated causative agents of neonatal septicemia were Staphylococcus aureus 17(51.5%) followed by Escherichia coli 10(30.3%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 03(9.09%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 02(6.06%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 01(3.03%). In general, all the Gram positive and Gram negative isolates were highly sensitive to meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Gram positive bacteria were found to be particularly sensitive to vancomycin. They were moderately sensitive to ceftazidime followed in amoxicillin but were totally resistant to ampicillin. This study revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli are predominant causative organisms in neonatal septicemia and these are highly sensitive to meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2016;11(2): 58-61

scholarly journals Current Pattern in Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Enteric Fever In A Private Medical College

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Md Yasir Arafat ◽  
Md Abdus Sobur ◽  
Md Azizul Haq ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
P Value ◽  
Current Pattern ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Z Value

Background and objectives: Enteric fever continues to be an important health problem in Bangladesh. Emerging drug resistance adds magnitude to this problem. Only surveillance studies can help form guidelines for therapy under such a situation. The present study was undertaken to determine the current pattern in antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric fever cases in a private medical college and to find out the incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR) cases. Study design: Hospital based observational study. Study setting and period: Medicine units of Ibn Sina Medical College hospital from october’11 to august’12. Source of materials/participants: Fever cases with clinical diagnosis of enteric fever and positive blood culture, attending the outpatient and admitted at hospital were included in the study. Susceptibility of the isolates to commonly available antibiotics were recorded. Treatment and responses were followed up. Results: 100 adult patients with fever had positive blood cultures were included in the study. Majority of patients were 19 – 30 yr olds (63%). Susceptibility of the isolates were tested against 14 available antibiotics. Ceftriaxone was sensitive in 99% cases followed by ciprofloxacin (96%), Gentamycin ( 96%) and cefixime (91%). Adeclining trend in sensitivity to Azithromycin ( 61%) was observed. Resurgence of chloramphenicol (81%) and cotrimoxazole (75%) sensitivity was noted. In 98 cases sensitivity to all three (amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol) were tested. 13 cases were found resistant to all the three drugs (13/98=13.2%). These MDR cases were sensitive to ceftriaxone (100%), cefixime (100%), azithromycin (100%), gentamycin(94%)and ciprofloxacin (88%). Conclusion: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed a trend with onset of emerging resistance to azithromycin (ceftriaxone vs azithromycin z value = 7.63; P value =0.001 (Significant) and azithromycin vs ciprofloxacin Z value = 6.66; P value =0.001 (Significant). Multidrug resistant cases present showed reduced susceptibility to gentamycin. Sensitivity of these drugs must be preserved through constant surveillance and use only under a protocol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17440 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 67-69

scholarly journals Detection and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Gardnerella vaginalis Isolated from Bacterial Vaginosis Patients Attending Chittagong Medical College Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Nura Nasrin Rowshan Ara ◽  
Md Anwar Husain ◽  
Nasima Akter ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed ◽  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Now a day’s bacterial vaginosis is an extremely common health problem for women in the world which causes many complications both in the pregnancy and non-pregnancy states. G. vaginalis is most important cause of bacterial vaginosis.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted to detect G. vaginalis in bacterial vaginosis and their sensitivity patterns on patients attending at the outpatient Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong. A total of 170 sexually active female in the age group of 15-45 years, with abnormal vaginal discharge were selected for the study. A detailed history and a thorough clinical examination of all the cases were done.Results:In this study 38(22.35%) Gardnerella vaginalis were isolated by culture and bacterial vaginosis was detected by different methods 47(27.65%). Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health threats. So antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the organisms should be done at regular intervals.Conclusion: In this study Gardnerella vaginalis showed high (52.63%) resistant to most commonly used metronidazole and 100% sensitive to clindamycin.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.16 (1); Jan 2017; Page 48-53

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity pattern in acute tonsillitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Mayur H. Ingale ◽  
G. D. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The use of antibiotics against different pathogens in acute tonsillitis has been the general trend through the years. Penicillin has been the drug of choice for the management. But due to increased incidence of resistance in case of penicillin’s, other antibiotics are also used for the treatment of acute tonsillitis. The study was conducted with the objective to find out the antibiotic sensitivity and susceptibility pattern against microbial pathogens in acute tonsillitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Our prospective observational study was carried out in the otorhinolaryngology department in Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre. The period of study was from June 2015 to August 2015. After getting approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) throat swabs were collected randomly from 50 patients visiting the ENT OPD. An informed consent was obtained from every patient who was a part of this study before commencing the study.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The commonly used antibiotics showed a higher resistance pattern as compared to the less commonly used antibiotics. Ampicillin and Amoxicillin showed poor sensitivity results in case of both <em>Streptococci </em>as well as <em>Staphylococci</em>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Study findings therefore helped in perusing a guarded and judicious use of antibiotics in cases of acute tonsillitis and will thus help in improving the quality of antibiotic therapy provided to the patient. </p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of urinary tract infection, its causative agents and antibiotic sensitivity pattern : A study in Northern International Medical College Hospital, Dhaka

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
BH Nazma Yasmeen ◽  
Saad Islam ◽  
Saba Islam ◽  
Md Moyez Uddin ◽  
Rowshan Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
International Medical ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Causative Agents

Background : Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries like Bangladesh. Antimicrobial agents are the frequently used drug for its treatment. Periodic evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different antibiotics is essential as the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity may vary over periods. Increasing antibiotic resistance among urinary pathogens to commonly prescribed drugs has become a global reality today.Objective : To determine the prevalence and to find out the causative agents of UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern among suspected UTI patients attending Northern International Medical College Hospital (NIMCH), Dhaka.Methods : A retrospective study was conducted at Northern International Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh by analyzing the records of urine samples collected for culture and sensitivity tests over a period of six months (January 2014 to June 2014). Of the total 878 clean catch mid-stream urine samples collected from suspected cases of UTI patients of all ages and both sexes. Urine specimens were cultured for isolation of microbial agents of urinary tract infection. The isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical test. The diffusion susceptibility test was used to determine susceptibility of bacterial agents to antibiotics. Computerized data was collected from Microbiology department of NIMCH and analyzed by Microsoft Excel Version 2013.Results : In this study, 182 (20.73%) out of 878 urine sample were positive for pathogenic organisms. Of the various pathogenic organisms isolated, Escherichia coli constituted for 85.16% followed by Pseudomonas sp, Acinatobactersp, Group D Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiellasp, Enterobactersp and others. E.coli was found to be most sensitive to Imipenem, Amikacin and Meropenem and resistant to most commonly used oral drugs like Azithromycin, Cefexime, cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin.Conclusion : Mainly Gram negative bacilli is responsible for UTI and most frequent isolated bacteria was E-coli. The most effective antibiotics were Imipenem, Amikacin, Meropenem,all of them are parentral. Majority E-coli were resistant to commonly used oral drugs like Azithromycin, Cefexime, cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin. Therefore the choice of antibiotic therapy in UTI should be depends on the local sensitivity pattern of the infecting organisms.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.7(1) Jul 2015: 105-109

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