scholarly journals Y/X-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm Shows Elevated Ratio in the Left but Not the Right Testes in Healthy Mice

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1219
Author(s):  
Chengqing Hu ◽  
Jiangcheng Shi ◽  
Yujing Chi ◽  
Jichun Yang ◽  
Qinghua Cui
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Mirna Sequencing ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lower Expression

The sex chromosomes play central roles in determining the sex of almost all of the multicellular organisms. It is well known that meiosis in mammalian spermatogenesis produces ~50% Y- and ~50% X-chromosome-bearing sperm, a 1:1 ratio. Here we first reveal that the X-chromosome-encoded miRNAs show lower expression levels in the left testis than in the right testis in healthy mice using bioinformatics modeling of miRNA-sequencing data, suggesting that the Y:X ratio could be unbalanced between the left testis and the right testis. We further reveal that the Y:X ratio is significantly elevated in the left testis but balanced in the right testis using flow cytometry. This study represents the first time the biased Y:X ratio in the left testis but not in the right testis is revealed.

scholarly journals Naringen Ameliorates Cyanide-induced Testicular and Epididymal Changes in Swiss Albino Mice (Mus musculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
A.M. Sanni ◽  
C.A. Idaguko ◽  
D.O. Abdulazeez ◽  
O.S. Adeleke ◽  
B.A. Falana
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Cyanide is one of the toxic, hazardous metals widely dispersed in the environment at high levels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ameliorative role of Naringenin on male reproductive parameters in cyanide exposed mice.A total number of 28 Albino mice were divided into four groups, each group comprises of 7 mice (n= 7). The animals were housed in a well-lighted and ventilated plastic cages at a controlled temperature with 12h light/dark cycle maintained throughout the experimental period. All the Mice were acclimatized for 2 weeks before commencement of the study. Group 1 were control mice, group 2 received cyanide (1.2mg/kg bw) only, group 3 received Cyanide (1.2mg/kg bw) and Naringenin (50mg/kg bw) daily and group 4 received a daily administration of Naringenin (50mg/kg bw). All the treatments were done at 7:00 am every morning and the experiment lasted for 14 days. Twenty-four hours after 14th day of treatment, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood samples were collected via Ocular sinus into lithium-heparin bottles for haematological and hormonal assay. The right testis was excised and quickly placed in Bouin's fluid and processed for histological examination while the left testis was placed in sucrose and processed for antioxidant assay.Results from this study showed significant reduction in serum testosterone levels, oxidative damage, reduced packed cell volume (PVC), reduced body weight gain and degenerative testicular microarchitecture in mice exposed to cyanide compared to control. Administration of Naringenin  reversed almost all the abnormalities in the parameters investigated showing significant protection against cyanide induced toxicity in mice. It is concluded that Naringenin showed affordable protection against cyanide induced toxicity on male reproductive profile. Keywords: Naringenin, cyanide, oxidative damage, testis.

scholarly journals True hermaphroditism associated with microphthalmia

1999 ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hayashi ◽  
Y Kageyama ◽  
K Ishizaka ◽  
T Tsujii ◽  
H Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Interstitial Deletion ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hormonal Condition

A 4-year-old boy with an undescending left testis, penoscrotal hypospadia and bilateral microphthalmia was admitted to our hospital. Chromosome analysis revealed a karyotype of 46, XX del(x)(p2 2,31) and the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) was negative. The right testis was located in the scrotum and a left cystic ovary-like gonad, a salpinx and a unicorn uterus were found in the left inguinal canal. Histologically the gonad was an ovotestis in which primordial follicles covered infantile seminiferous tubules. Microphthalmia is observed in some congenital syndromes caused by interstitial deletion of the X chromosome. This case suggested that the short arm of the X chromosome was involved in the differentiation of the gonad. Very closely located follicles and infantile seminiferous tubules indicated that induction of meiosis in the fetus was controlled by the local microenvironment in follicles and seminiferous tubules, and not by the systemic hormonal condition.

scholarly journals The earliest Fellows of the Royal Society

1950 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-192 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

The Royal Society was granted its first charter of incorporation on 15 July 1662, its second on 22 April 1663. Both charters name the President and the members of the Council of the Society; the second empowers the President and Council within the two months immediately succeeding the grant to admit into the Society as Fellows such persons as they (or a specified majority of them) shall think fit; after the two months have elapsed the right of admitting new Fellows is to belong to the President, Council, and existing Fellows. In accordance with this grant ninety-four Fellows were admitted on 20 May 1663 and four more on 22 June 1663 ; these ninety-eight are known as ‘Original Fellows‘. The Council consisted of twenty members apart from the President. The Society had originated in a group of scientists who first met about 1645. This group held informal meetings and apparently kept no records. On 28 November 1660 its members (or some of them) determined to hold their meetings more regularly and to form themselves into an association for doing so. The association, which for convenience may be called the Philosophical Society, drew up rules, provided for funds, and kept records. The last, so far as they are adequate, show who were admitted as members and when they were admitted. The President, the members of the first and second Councils, and the Original Fellows of the Royal Society, had almost all been members of the Philosophical Society; the dates when they became members of the Philosophical Society are therefore of greater interest, both for the history of the Society and for their individual biographies, than the dates of their appearance as Fellows of the Royal Society. The first of the following lists gives these dates, which are here brought together for the first time. In the course of compilation a few names were found of members or apparent members of the earlier society who did not become Fellows of the later one until after 22 June 1663 ; these names have been brought together in a second list. A third list contains the names of those members of the Philosophical Society who never became Fellows of the Royal Society as constituted under the Second Charter.

scholarly journals The virus integrations in gut microbes associated with dysbiosis of microbial community in tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyu Cui ◽  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Wenqiu Xu ◽  
Caihong Zheng ◽  
Jun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time ◽  
Genetic Integration

AbstractPatients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have a different gut microbial and viral communities from healthy individuals. But little is known about the ways and functions of interaction of virus-bacteria, let alone its correlation with the aetiology of CRC. In this study we aimed to identify the association between the genetic integration of virusbacteria and the expansion of some microbial population during tumorigenesis of human colorectum. Using a gut metagenomics sequencing data of healthy controls, advanced adenoma and carcinoma patients, to our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that the viral genetic integrations in gut microbes tend to occur in CRC patients and are potentially associated with the carcinogenesis. We found that almost all of the genetic integrations were happened between bacteriophages and bacteria, which could be influenced by the abundance of the phage communities. Importantly, the integrations of phage-carried positive effective genes offered selective advantages to the commensal and potential pathogenic bacteria, as a result, potentially led to a microbial dysbiosis along with the increasing bacterial diversity in carcinoma patients. Consequently, our work opens a new way to understand the carcinogenicity in complex intestinal ecosystems.

scholarly journals Primary Testicular Failure with Unilateral Cryptorchidism

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ricardo Silalahi ◽  
Tjahjo Djojo Tanojo ◽  
Reny I'tishom
Keyword(s):  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
First Year ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Testicular Failure ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unilateral Cryptorchidism ◽  
Rule Out

Background: Primary Testicular Failure (PTF) in men with unilateral cryptorchidism is a rare case, which might be the first time reported. Case: A 34-year-old man came with infertility and azoospermia. Signs of secondary sex found. FSH levels: 60.68 mIU / ml, LH levels: 15.96 mIU / ml, T levels: 336.14 ng / dl, E2 levels: 27.81 ng / dl. Ultrasound showed the left testis in the left inguinal +/- 2,4x1,1x3,6 cm in size, with decrease vascularization; +/- 4.1 cm from the base of the penis. The right testis size +/- 2,8x1,1x2,2 cm in the right scrotum accompanied by spermatocele. The patient was referred to the Urology department for orchidopexy of the left testis in the inguinal. Discussion: Primary testicular failure, in this case, may occur due to idiopathic but does not rule out the mosaic type of Klinefelter syndrome. The patient has unilateral cryptorchidism for 20 years, there will be a risk of testicular cancer. Management of cryptorchidism must be performed orchidopexy the first year after birth. After orchidopexy, monitoring is needed every year until at least 5 years. Conclusion: PTF occurs when the parenchymal tissue contained in the testes is no longer able to produce sperm or testosterone. PTF diagnosis is only possible through pathology and testicular cytology, but the combination of FSH and Inhibin B examination remains the best recommendation as a biomarker for patients with PTF.

362: The right and the left Testis Migrates at the same time? Analisys in 144 human fetuses

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Luciano A. Favorito ◽  
Francisco J.B. Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
The Right

Evaluation of 99mTc-Label led Vitamin K4 as an Agent for Testicular Imaging

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Durak ◽  
M. Kitapgi ◽  
B. E. Caner ◽  
R. Senekowitsch ◽  
M. T. Ercan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Vitamin K4 was labelled with 99mTc with an efficiency higher than 97%. The compound was stable up to 24 h at room temperature, and its biodistribution in NMRI mice indicated its in vivo stability. Blood radioactivity levels were high over a wide range. 10% of the injected activity remained in blood after 24 h. Excretion was mostly via kidneys. Only the liver and kidneys concentrated appreciable amounts of radioactivity. Testis/soft tissue ratios were 1.4 and 1.57 at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Testis/blood ratios were lower than 1. In vitro studies with mouse blood indicated that 33.9 ±9.6% of the radioactivity was associated with RBCs; it was washed out almost completely with saline. Protein binding was 28.7 ±6.3% as determined by TCA precipitation. Blood clearance of 99mTc-l<4 in normal subjects showed a slow decrease of radioactivity, reaching a plateau after 16 h at 20% of the injected activity. In scintigraphic images in men the testes could be well visualized. The right/left testis ratio was 1.08 ±0.13. Testis/soft tissue and testis/blood activity ratios were highest at 3 h. These ratios were higher than those obtained with pertechnetate at 20 min post injection.99mTc-l<4 appears to be a promising radiopharmaceutical for the scintigraphic visualization of testes.

Feasibility and Evaluation of Automated Methods for Radiolabeling of Radiopharmaceutical Kits with Gallium-68

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alban Revy ◽  
François Hallouard ◽  
Sandrine Joyeux-Klamber ◽  
Andrea Skanjeti ◽  
Catherine Rioufol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Gallium 68 ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Automated Methods

Objective: Recent gallium-68 labeled peptides are of increasing interest in PET imaging in nuclear medicine. Somakit TOC® is a radiopharmaceutical kit registered in the European Union for the preparation of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC used for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. Development of a labeling process using a synthesizer is particularly interesting for the quality and reproducibility of the final product although only manual processes are described in the Summary of Product (SmPC) of the registered product. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the feasibility and value of using an automated synthesizer for the preparation of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC according to the SmPC of the Somakit TOC®. Methods: Three methods of preparation were compared; each followed the SmPC of the Somakit TOC®. Over time, overheads, and overexposure were evaluated for each method. Results: Mean±SD preparation time was 26.2±0.3 minutes for the manual method, 28±0.5 minutes for the semi-automated, and 40.3±0.2 minutes for the automated method. Overcost of the semi-automated method is 0.25€ per preparation for consumables and from 0.58€ to 0.92€ for personnel costs according to the operator (respectively, technician or pharmacist). For the automated method, overcost is 70€ for consumables and from 4.06€ to 6.44€ for personnel. For the manual method, extremity exposure was 0.425mSv for the right finger, and 0.350mSv for the left finger; for both the semi-automated and automated method extremity exposure were below the limit of quantification. Conclusion: The present study reports for the first time both the feasibility of using a [68Ga]- radiopharmaceutical kit with a synthesizer and the limits for the development of a fully automated process.

Self-Regulation and Human Progress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Human History ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

Does humanity progress primarily through leaders organizing and directing followers, or through trial and error by individuals free to chart their own path? For most of human history ruling classes had the capacity and the desire to tightly regiment society, to the general detriment of progress. But beginning in the 1500s, Europeans developed a series of arguments for simply leaving well enough alone. First in the form of the scientific method, then in the form of free expression, and finally in the form of the continuously, spontaneously reordered free market, people began to accept that progress is hard, and requires that an immense number of mistakes be tolerated so that we may learn from them. This book tells the story of the development of these three ideas, and for the first time tells of the mutual influence among them. It outlines the rise, and dramatic triumph, of each of these self-regulating systems, followed by a surprising rise in skepticism, especially in the economic context. Such skepticism in the 20th century was frequently costly and sometimes catastrophic. Under the right conditions, which are more frequent than generally believed, self-regulating systems in which participants organize themselves are superior. We should accept their turbulence in exchange for the immense progress they generate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document